| 单词 | 边际报酬 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 边际报酬 —marginal returnsSee also:边际—limit • bound 边际 n—boundary n 报酬 n—compensation n • reward n • rewards pl 酬报 n—reward n 酬报—repay
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但是，人口压力的现实迟早会使恰亚诺夫所指出的 家庭农场的基本特征凸现：作为一个既是生产又是消费的单位，并是具有既定的劳 [...] 动力的单位，一个家庭农场可以在高度的人口压力下被逼为生存（消费）需要而一 再提高其劳动投入，即便其边际报酬 下 降到远低于劳动的市场价格的水平。 lishiyushehui.cn | But the mounting scarcity of land quickly brought forth the classic logic of the family farm pointed out by A. V. Chayanov: as a unit at once of consumption and production, with a “fixed” supply of labor, the family farm could be pushed by land scarcity to ever greater labor [...] intensification to meet subsistence [...] needs, even when the marginal product drops well [...]below that of the market wage for labor. lishiyushehui.cn |
当时的技术条件允许有限的相应单位土地劳动投入增加（尤其是 复种率的提高，例如冬小麦的种植），而成比例地增加产出，并在进一步的资本投 [...] 入的伴随下（例如，豆饼肥料的使用），避 免 边际报酬 的 递 减（在极个别的例子 下，甚或做到超比例的发展）。 lishiyushehui.cn | Existing technologies allowed a certain amount of growing inflation of yields in response to increased labor input (most especially through increased frequency of cropping, such as of winter wheat), accompanied by increased capital [...] inputs (such as beancake fertilizer), [...] without diminished marginal returns (and in [...]rare instances perhaps even at a proportion [...]greater than the increased intensity of labor input). lishiyushehui.cn |
实际上，农村地区从事经济活动人口 2007 年占总人口的 55.1%，他们可以 在两种机会之间做出选择：――接受可以带来一定收入、但工作条件非常恶劣而 且有患职业病的风险较高的工作和贫穷的生活或移居城市、找到一份更有吸引 力、报酬更高 的工作，或是出国找一份可以养家糊口的工作。 daccess-ods.un.org | Practically, the economically active population from the rural areas, the share of which in 2007 constituted 55.1% is given the choice between two opportunities: – to accept work that brings a modest income, performed under unfavourable employment conditions and with a high risk of illness and a poor life, or immigrate in the urban [...] areas and find [...]a more attractive and more motivated job or leave the country in search for a job that would ensure sufficient income to sustain the family. daccess-ods.un.org |
该报告由 南非MSA集团（以下称“MSA”）和有资格人士Swinden Geoscience Consultants Ltd的Scott Swinden博士独立完成，目前双方共同确定将1.0% TREO作为该矿产资源量评估的适度基本 边际 品 位。 tipschina.gov.cn | The Report was independently prepared by The MSA Group of South Africa ("MSA") and Dr. Scott Swinden of Swinden Geoscience Consultants Ltd, the "Qualified Person" (QP), who together have currently identifed 1.0% TREO as an appropriate base [...] [...] case cut-off grade for the mineral resource estimate. tipschina.gov.cn |
考虑到边界评估组二于 2008 年 8 月 26 日提出的建议，政府于 12 月 20 日通过 一项决定：(a) [...] 重申黎巴嫩政府关于控制其陆地、海上和空中边界的承诺；(b) 将 [...] 在北部边界使用的边界共同部队模式推广到东部边界上的另外一段；(c) 成立一 个边界问题指导委员会，由总理主持，成员包括国防部长、公共工程部长、外交 和移民部长、财政部长和内政部长，负责 就 边 界 管制问题提出必要的建议；(d) 要 求随时向国际伙伴通报在这 个问题上的进展情况。 daccess-ods.un.org | Mindful of the recommendations made by the Lebanon Independent Border Assessment Team II on 26 August 2008, the Government adopted a decision on 20 December that (a) reaffirmed the commitment of Lebanon to control its land, sea and air borders; (b) extended the model of the Common Border Force used for the northern border to an additional segment of the eastern border; (c) created a steering committee on borders under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister and composed of the Ministers of Defence, Public Works, Foreign Affairs and Emigrants, Finance and the Interior tasked with [...] making the necessary [...] recommendations regarding border control; and (d) requested that international partners be kept informed of [...]progress on this issue. daccess-ods.un.org |
目前的监管框架(具体而言包括工作人员细则和条例》、秘书长 公 报 、 行 政指 示和其他有关行政通知，以及下文中将详尽介绍的 2001 年《国际公务员行为标 准》(见A/56/30，附件二)1 )包含各种相关规定，涉及因财务利益、工作人员与 其他利益攸关方之间的个人关系、接受第三方提供的荣誉、勋章、优惠、馈赠或 薪酬而产生的实际或潜在利益冲突，并包含因外部雇佣关系或职业或其他外部活 动(包括政治活动)而可能产生的多重效忠冲突的处理手段。 daccess-ods.un.org | The current regulatory framework (specifically the Staff Rules and [...] Staff Regulations, [...] Secretary-General’s bulletins, administrative instructions and other relevant administrative issuances as well as the Standards of conduct for the international civil service of 2001 (see A/56/30, annex II),1 addressed in greater detail below) includes provisions governing actual or potential conflicts of interest arising from financial interests, personal relationships between staff members and other stakeholders, the receipt of honours, decorations, favours, gifts or remuneration by third parties, [...]as well as parameters [...]addressing conflicting loyalties that may result from outside employment or occupation or other outside activities, including political activities. daccess-ods.un.org |
秘书长在报告中指出，目前的监管框架包含各种相关规定，涉及因金钱利益、 工作人员与其他利益攸关方之间的个人关系、接受第三方提供的荣誉、勋章、优 惠、馈赠或薪酬而产生的实际或潜 在利益冲突，并包含因外部雇佣关系或职业或 其他外部活动(包括政治活动)而可能产生的多重效忠冲突的处理手段(A/66/98， 第8段)。 daccess-ods.un.org | In his report the Secretary-General states that the current regulatory framework includes provisions governing actual or potential conflicts of interest arising from financial interests, personal relationships between staff members and other stakeholders, the receipt of honours, decorations, favours, gifts or remuneration by third parties, [...] as well as parameters [...]addressing conflicting loyalties that may result from outside employment or occupation or other outside activities, including political activities (A/66/98, para. 8). daccess-ods.un.org |
其意图有所不同，报告单边行动 为发 展中国家的行动提供认可，同时提供了一个国家各 种行动的综合状况，而报告国际支持 下的行动可以 作为核查的依据。 undpcc.org | The purpose may differ, with [...] unilateral action reported to provide recognition of action by developing countries and a comprehensive picture of the actions by a country, while internationally support action would be reported to enable verification. undpcc.org |
(b) 协助拟订报酬和服 务条件及人力资源共同事务的审查和扩大等领域的 共同制度人力资源政策；促进机构间机关的工作，包括管理问题高级别委员会和 人力资源网，并在国际公务 员制度委员会内代表联合国；监督薪金、津贴和其他 应享权利等方面的政策指示和指导方针的执行情况；在立法机关审议这些问题时 向他们提供实务支助。 daccess-ods.un.org | (b) To contribute to the development of a common system human resources policy in the areas of compensation and conditions of service, and in the review and expansion of common services in the human resources area; contribute to the work of inter-agency bodies including the High-level Committee on Management and the Human Resources Network, and represent the United Nations at the International Civil Service Commission; and monitor the implementation of policy instructions and guidelines related to salaries, allowances and other entitlements, providing substantive support to legislative bodies during the consideration of these issues. daccess-ods.un.org |
秘书长 2007 年 8 月 23 日的报告指出，争议法庭法官将被视为联合国官员， 而拟议非工作人员报酬包括 等同联合国主任级工作人员的薪酬和津贴，上诉 法庭法官的酬金与国际劳工 组织(劳工组织)行政法庭的标准相同，这是法官 对上诉法庭案件作出裁判的服务报酬。 daccess-ods.un.org | In his report of 23 August 2007, the Secretary-General stated that the judges of the Dispute Tribunal would be considered United Nations officials and that the non-staff [...] compensation [...] proposed would comprise salary and allowances equivalent to United Nations staff members at the Director level, and honorariums for judges of the Appeals Tribunal equivalent to rates applicable to the International Labour Organization (ILO) Administrative [...]Tribunal, to provide for the services of judges rendering decisions on Appeals Tribunal cases. daccess-ods.un.org |
另外，要防止本报告所述期间卫生等重要领域因罢工受 到的损害，必须在切合实际的薪酬政 策框架下统一工资。 daccess-ods.un.org | Furthermore, it is critical that salaries should be realigned as part of a sound wage policy so as to minimize the impact of strikes on key sectors, such as the health sector, as occurred during the period under review. daccess-ods.un.org |
它最后强调，各国必须确保从事儿童工作的专业人员 按照关于这类人员的资格、选择、招聘、培训 和 报酬 的 国 际 标 准，具备相应的能 力并受到良好的培训。 daccess-ods.un.org | Finally, it highlights that States must ensure that professionals working with children are [...] competent and [...] well-trained, in line with international standards on the qualification, selection, recruitment, training and remuneration of such personnel. daccess-ods.un.org |
(a) 鼓励各国加强务实合作，审查过去和现有的 国 际 合 作 做法，并作出进一 步努力，包括在库存管理机构、执法机构、司法机构、检察机构、调查机构、情 报机构、边境和 海关监管机构等所有相关机构中，以及在负责武器转让许可证、 过境、经纪和运输等事务的官员中，采取联合行动或协调一致行动； (b) 鼓励各国就如何执行《行动纲领》分享知识和专长，包括制订适当立法、 条例和行政程序，制订收缴武器方案，并加强国家能力，包括对调查技术、起诉、 [...] 边境管制、储存管理、追踪和使用标识器等方面的国家主管机构展开培训 daccess-ods.un.org | (a) States are encouraged to enhance [...] practical cooperation, by reviewing past and existing international cooperation practices and by further efforts, including joint or coordinated action, among all relevant agencies, including stockpile management, law enforcement, judicial, prosecutorial, investigative, intelligence, border and customs control agencies, as well as arms control officials responsible for arms transfer licensing, transit, brokering and transport [...] daccess-ods.un.org |
咨询委员会获悉，任职者将负责与包 括以下各方的各办公室和实体进行协调和联络：信息和通信技术厅，以解决与系 统托管有关的问题；供应商，涉及技术事项和设备升级；安全和安保部，涉及周 边安全 进出管制；“团结”项目工作队，涉及人力资源数据和资产管理； 国 际刑 事警察组织(国际刑警 组织)，涉及丢失或被盗的旅行证件数据库；以及国际民用 航空组织。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Advisory Committee was informed that the incumbent would be responsible for coordinating and liaising with various offices and entities, including with the Office of Information and Communications Technology to address issues related to the hosting of the system; the vendor in relation to the technical matters and upgrading of equipment; the [...] Department of Safety [...] and Security for perimeter security access control; the Umoja project team for human resources data and asset management; the International Criminal Police Organization [...](INTERPOL) [...]for a lost or stolen travel document database; and the International Civil Aviation Organization. daccess-ods.un.org |
所涉提案包括设置：(a) 第 35 款下的 13 个安全和安保员额，包括在日内瓦的 5 个一般事务(其他职等)员额，以落实一个必要的警犬股并领导危机管理培训，以及在亚 的斯亚贝巴的 8 个一般事务(当地职等)员额，以支持安保控制中心；(b) 第 24 款下的 4 个 [...] 一般事务(其他职等)员额，为人权理事会和包括强迫失踪问题委员会和防范酷刑和其他残 忍、不人道或有辱人格待遇或处罚小组委员会在内的各条约机构提供行政和文书支助；(c) 2 个一般事务(其他职等)员额，以支持国际法院；以及(d) [...] 在联合国停战监督组织的 2 个一 般事务(当地职等)员额，以提供跨国 际边 界 运 输服务。 daccess-ods.un.org | These include proposals for the establishment of (a) 13 Safety and Security posts under section 35, comprised of 5 General Service (Other level) posts in Geneva to implement a necessary canine unit and lead crisis management training, and 8 General Service (Local level) posts in Addis Ababa to support the security control centres, (b) 4 General Service (Other level) posts under section 24 to provide administrative and clerical support to the Human Rights Council and the treaty bodies, including the Committee on Enforced Disappearances and the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment, (c) 2 General Service (Other level) posts to support the International Court of Justice [...] and (d) 2 General Service (Local level) posts in UNTSO to provide [...] transportation services across international borders. daccess-ods.un.org |
教育领域的活动主要集中在以下领域：a) 作为对《暴力侵害儿童问题世界报告》 （2006 年）所载的建议的后续行动的暴力侵害儿童的行为，新增重点包括此种暴力行为的 性别因素、宗教和文化在防止此类暴力方面的作用以及对非暴力、参与性的做法和支助服务 的推广；b) 全纳教育，旨在促进建立一个满足多样化学生群体需求的、对遭到排挤和 被 边缘 化 的群体给予特别关注的教育体系；c) 治理和不平等，研究教育领域的善治如何在减少基于 财富、地点、种族、性别及其他原因的不平等方面发挥作用；d) 对教材进行修订以推广以和 平为导向的方法，同时兼顾与质量有关的新的教育挑战。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In the context of education, activities focus on the following areas: (a) violence against children as a follow-up to the recommendations contained in the World Report on the Violence against Children (2006), with an added emphasis on gender dimensions of such violence, the role of religion and culture in its prevention, and the promotion of non-violent, participatory practices and support [...] services; (b) inclusive education, with [...]the aim of promoting an educational system that answers the needs of a diverse group of pupils, paying particular attention to the excluded and marginalized; (c) governance and inequality, looking at how good governance in education can reduce disparities based on wealth, location, ethnicity, gender and other grounds; (d) textbook revision to promote peace-oriented approaches taking into account new education challenges related to quality. unesdoc.unesco.org |
司法和法律事务司继续：(a) 向审判分庭和上诉分庭提供直接司法协助，如 法律研究、起草文件和提供其他司法支助、编制司法日历、维护和安排审判室以 [...] 及司法程序记录、记录誊本、动议、命令、裁决、判决和宣判的备案、保存和登 记；(b) 履行与法庭有关的其他职能，包括提供和维护拘留设施、编制和维持辩 [...] 护律师名单、建立和维持向辩护律师提 供 报酬 的 系 统、口译和笔译服务、协助控 方和辩方证人在法庭作证以及法律图书馆服务。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Judicial and Legal Services Division continues to provide: (a) direct judicial assistance to the Trial Chambers and the Appeals Chamber, such as, legal research, drafting and other judicial support; the preparation of the judicial calendar; the maintenance and scheduling of courtrooms; and the recording, maintenance and registration of records of judicial proceedings, transcripts, motions, orders, decisions, judgements and sentences; and (b) other court-related functions, including the provision and maintenance of the detention facilities; the development and maintenance of a list of defence [...] counsel; the establishment and maintenance [...] of a system to remunerate defence counsel; [...]interpretation and translation services; [...]assistance to prosecution and defence witnesses testifying before the Tribunal; and legal library services. daccess-ods.un.org |
咨询委员会还获悉，联合国秘 书处人力资源管理厅报酬和叙 级科近期对这些 D-1 员额进行了审查，并裁定可将 其改叙为 D-2 职等。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee was also informed that the Compensation and Classification Section of the Office of Human Resources Management of the United Nations Secretariat had recently reviewed the D-1 posts and determined they could be reclassified at the D-2 level. daccess-ods.un.org |
然而，如果发现任何人在执行国家征兵计划中实施不人道和有 辱人格的待遇、酷刑，或实行强迫、 无 报酬 劳 动，政府绝不宽恕。 daccess-ods.un.org | Nevertheless, the Government spared no effort in prosecuting anyone found guilty of subjecting people to inhuman and degrading treatment, torture or exacting forced and/or free labour of youth in the national service programme. daccess-ods.un.org |
行政和预算问题咨询委员会审议了秘书长关于“秘书处官员以外其他为大会 服务的官员的服务条件和报酬：国际 公 务 员制度委员会专任成员及行政和预算问 题咨询委员会主席”的报告(A/65/676)。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions has considered the report of the Secretary-General on conditions of service and compensation for officials, other than Secretariat officials, [...] serving the General Assembly: [...] full-time members of the International Civil Service Commission [...]and the Chair of the Advisory [...]Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (A/65/676). daccess-ods.un.org |
劳 动法》第 103 条 指 出 ， “ 工 资具体 包括：实际工资或报 酬 、加班 费 、 佣 金 、 奖 金 和 补贴、利润 [...] 分 红 、 小 费 、实物福 利、超 出 法 定 标准的家庭 补 贴、假日薪金或补偿性假日薪金、雇主因工人伤残和孕期休假支付的金额。 daccess-ods.un.org | Article 103 of the Labour Law says that “Wages include, [...] in particular: actual wage or remuneration, overtime payments, [...]commissions, bonuses and indemnities, [...]profit sharing, gratuities, the value of benefits in kind, family allowance in excess of the legally prescribed amount, holiday pay or compensatory holiday pay, amount of money paid by the employer to the workers during disability and maternity leave. daccess-ods.un.org |
因此，鉴于持续承担的繁重工作量和预期的 国际边界问 题，提议续设边界分析员(P-3)临时一般人员职位，以便通过提供中 [...] 立的技术专长，及时应对边界危机并预防边界冲突。 daccess-ods.un.org | Accordingly, and in the light of a continued heavy [...] workload and anticipated international boundary issues, it [...]is proposed that the general temporary [...]assistance position of Boundary Analyst (P-3) be continued to respond immediately to boundary crises and prevent border conflicts by providing impartial technical expertise. daccess-ods.un.org |
安全理事会将通过的关于停止对加沙的侵略和 战争的决议必须重申，必须在真正和有效的 国 际监 督下继续推动政治进程，以确保将在 1967 年边界内 建立以圣城为首都的独立巴勒斯坦国，根据 1948 年大会第 194(III)号决议找到巴勒斯坦难民问题 的公正和商定解决办法，并释放所有被关押者和囚 犯。 daccess-ods.un.org | The resolution to be adopted by the Security Council on the cessation of aggression and war against Gaza must reiterate the need for the political [...] process to continue under [...] genuine and effective international supervision in order to ensure that an independent Palestinian State will be created within the 1967 borders and with Al-Quds [...]Al-Sharif as its capital; [...]that a just and agreed solution will be found to the issue of Palestinian refugees in accordance with General Assembly resolution 194 (III) of 1948; and that all detainees and prisoners will be released. daccess-ods.un.org |
尽管有这些挑战，但已证 实有 113 [...] 名儿童被以下武装部队和团体招募：自由派和改革武装运动(从正义与 [...] 平等运动和苏丹解放军/阿卜杜勒·瓦希德派分裂出来的团体 ) 、 边 境 情 报 部 队 、 乍得武装反对集团、社区警务部队、警察部队、民防军、苏丹解放军/Abu [...] Gasim 派、苏丹解放军/历史领袖派(苏丹解放军/阿卜杜勒·瓦希德派分裂团体)、苏丹 [...]解放军/阿卜杜勒·瓦希德派、苏丹武装部队以及不知名的武装团体。 daccess-ods.un.org | Notwithstanding these challenges, 113 children were confirmed to have been recruited by the following armed forces and groups: Armed Movement of Liberals [...] and Reform (splinter group of JEM and [...] SLA/Abdul Wahid), Border Intelligence Forces, [...]Chadian armed opposition groups, community [...]policing forces, police forces, Popular Defence Forces, SLA/Abu Gasim, SLA/Historical Leadership (splinter group of SLA/Abdul Wahid), SLA/Abdul Wahid, Sudanese Armed Forces and unknown armed groups. daccess-ods.un.org |
原为“第 23 A 条或第 23 B 条将决 定这项权利是专属权利(豁免办法)还是仅仅优先于居住国权利的权利(抵免办 法)”，现改为“第 23 A 条或第 23 B [...] 条的规定将决定居住国是免除这样的收入还是 [...] 允许以向收入来源国支付的税款抵免其应对这种收入课征的税款”,因为一如一位 成员所指出，豁免办法并不一定具有专属性(例如，根据累进制下的豁免办法，居 住国在确定纳税人应纳税的非豁免收 入 边际 税 率时保留计入豁免收入的权利)。 daccess-ods.un.org | The reason was that the exemption method was not necessarily exclusive, as noted by one participant (e.g., exemption with progression, where the residence State retained for itself the right to take the exempt income into [...] account for the purposes of [...] determining the marginal rate at which the taxpayer’s non-exempt income was subject to tax). daccess-ods.un.org |
英汉双解词典包含2273206条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。