| 单词 | 认识论 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 认识论 noun —epistemology n认识论 —epistemology (in philosophy, the theory of how we know |
非土著用语在谈到国内和国际情 [...] 况时均有使用，不过是为了提及对土著的理解和土著的类别，以表示 在 认识论上 的不同或无可比较。 daccess-ods.un.org | Non-indigenous terms are used in both domestic and international contexts, but by [...] reference to indigenous understandings and categories in order to allude to difference or [...] incommensurability in epistemologies. daccess-ods.un.org |
所关注的重要问题有确定开展对话的障碍、分析对话与其他交流形式之间的区 别，以及寻找对话的认识论基础等。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Identification of obstacles to dialogue, analysis of what constitutes dialogue in relation to [...] other forms of communication, and [...] searching for the epistemological foundations of dialogue [...]will be some of the key issues that will be given attention. unesdoc.unesco.org |
同时还举行了两个哲学大会：第一个大会为表彰世界哲学学会名誉主席保尔·利科尔举 [...] 行，主题是“成名的斗争和给与的经济学”； 第二次大会的主题是“无知识信仰的 认识论 ”， 为表彰世界哲学学会名誉主席 J ·辛蒂卡举行。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Two philosophical talks were also given: the first by Mr Paul Ricoeur, Honorary President of the Institut International de Philosophie, on the theme “The struggle for recognition and the economy of giving”, and the second by Mr Jaakko Hintikka, likewise [...] Honorary President of the Institut International de Philosophie, on the theme [...] “Epistemology without knowledge and belief”. unesdoc.unesco.org |
采取这些举措的原因 是担心，用来评估气候变化的影响和减缓措施以及拟定适应战略的现有框架，不 承认或吸纳土著人的世界观、认识论 、 知 识和做法。 daccess-ods.un.org | These initiatives are undertaken because of the concern that the existing frameworks used for assessing impacts of climate change and mitigation measures and the [...] development of adaptation [...] strategies do not recognize or integrate indigenous worldviews, epistemologies, knowledge and practices. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，IBDP（国 [...] 际文凭课程）要求学生写一篇拓展论文， 学习“认识论”的 课程，完成150小时的创 意、行动与服务要求。 ivyglobal.ca | In addition, the IBDP requires students to [...] write an Extended Essay, study epistemology in a [...] course called Theory of Knowledge, and complete 150 [...]hours of Creative, Action and Service requirements. ivyglobal.ca |
威廉汉密尔顿（1791年至1856年），爱丁堡教授，试图在不同的方式不可能完成的任务团 结 认识论 的 里 德和康德（谁试图在休谟完全满足怀疑的，由主张，团结和结构现象强加给在脑海中所形成的感觉）。 mb-soft.com | Sir William Hamilton (1791 - 1856), Edinburgh [...] professor, attempted the impossible task of [...] uniting the epistemologies of Reid and [...]Kant (who tried to meet the skepticism of [...]Hume in an entirely different way, by asserting that unity and structure are imposed upon the phenomena of sensation by forms in the mind). mb-soft.com |
大学预科项目的跨学科课程及其要求为学生提供各种方式方法，对跨 [...] 越学科界限的新问题进行探索并产生新的理解， 而 认识论 （ TO K）课程则帮助学生穿越各 门课程，把学习联系起来。 olive.mea-international.com | Interdisciplinary DP courses and requirements offer students ways to explore new issues and [...] understanding that reach across [...] subjects, and the theory of knowledge (TOK) course helps [...]students connect their learning across the curriculum. olive.mea-international.com |
(i) 通过公开讨论、研究、分析网络与制定准则等活动，促进作为科技政策所依 据的知识内容的认识论的发展，其中包括各门学科和各种文化的科技伦理， 研究与创新的经济意义，科技立法和纳入性别问题 unesdoc.unesco.org | (i) contribute to the advancement of epistemology as the body of knowledge on which science policy is based, in particular ethics of science and technology across disciplines and cultures, economics of research and innovation, legislation in science and technology, with integration of gender issues, through public debates, studies, research networks and standard-setting activities unesdoc.unesco.org |
讲习班旨在建立对话平台，让有关 环境的各学科的学者探讨研究原理、问题和办法，以探索环境教育及相关领域的 新的认识论和研究方向。 daccess-ods.un.org | The workshop aims to explore new epistemologies and research directions in environmental education and related fields by creating a platform for dialogue on research philosophy, questions and approaches among scholars from a diversity of environment related disciplines. daccess-ods.un.org |
苏格兰19世纪现实主义是一种流行的运动在18和英国都无法克服的哲学常识和自然的现实主义启蒙哲学，大卫休谟（1711 - 76）的认识论，形 而上学，道德持怀疑态度。 mb-soft.com | Scottish Realism was a popular movement in eighteenth and [...] nineteenth century Britain, which attempted to [...] overcome the epistemological, metaphysical, [...]and moral skepticism of the Enlightenment [...]philosophy of David Hume (1711 - 76) with a philosophy of common sense and natural realism. mb-soft.com |
通过对话确定的跨学科认识论和研究方向将解决关于学 科研究无力解决复杂环境难题的问题、以及关于必须 把 认识论 思 考 纳入跨学科研 究的问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | The transdisciplinary epistemologies and research directions emerging from the dialogue will address issues related to the inability of disciplinary research to solve complex environmental problems, and to the need for incorporating epistemological reflection [...] in cross-disciplinary research. daccess-ods.un.org |
由于细节很有指导意义，让我们特地考虑一下1990年代席卷认知科学队伍的“反计算”浪潮。部分由于人工智能没有兑现其在1960和1970年代做出的必胜预言，认知科学在源起时的“心智的计算理论” 〖computational theory of mind〗 受到了来自各方面的严苛攻击；大家同时还看好一组广泛的所谓替代性选择：动态系统、认知神经科学、人工生命、复杂自适应系统、进 化 认识论 、 行为机器人学等等。 ageofsignificance.org | Since details are instructive, consider in particular the wave of “anti-computational” sentiment that coursed through the ranks of cognitive science in the 1990s. Based in part on the failures of artificial intelligence (AI) to live up to its triumphalist predictions of the 1960s and 1970s, cognitive science’s originating “computational theory of the mind” was scathingly attacked from all sides, in favour of a broad collection of alleged [...] alternatives: dynamical [...] systems, cognitive neuroscience, artificial life, complex adaptive systems, evolutionary epistemology, behavioural [...]robotics, and so on. ageofsignificance.org |
教学是一个极为复杂的过程，在此过程中，教师的随时现场决定都拘囿 于教师对有效性的理解和理论认识， 而 理 论认识 水 平支配着这些决定。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Theoretical understandings give coherence to these decisions. unesdoc.unesco.org |
又认识到因 特网治理论坛及其作为多方利益攸关方对话论坛的任务规定的 重要性，该论坛讨论各种事项，包括与因特网治理关键要素有关的公共政策问题， 以促进因特网的可持续性、稳健性、安全性、稳定性和发展， 并 认识 到 该 论 坛为 帮助处理各种因特网治理问题而在不同利益攸关方之间建立伙伴关系方面所发 挥的作用 daccess-ods.un.org | Recognizing also the importance of the Internet Governance Forum and its mandate as a forum for multi-stakeholder dialogue on various matters, including public policy issues related to key elements of Internet governance, in order to foster the sustainability, robustness, security, stability and development of the Internet, [...] as well as its [...]role in building partnerships among different stakeholders so as to help in addressing the various issues of Internet governance, while acknowledging the calls for improvements in its working methods daccess-ods.un.org |
动专题辩论被认为是一个建立共识的 论 坛 ， 能够更新和重振伙伴关系，调动 更多有利于最不发达国家实现减贫和持续经济增长以及可持续包容性发展的国 际支助措施和行动。 daccess-ods.un.org | The interactive thematic debates were seen as consensus-building forums to renew and reinvigorate partnerships and mobilize additional international support measures and actions in favour of poverty reduction, sustained economic growth and sustainable and inclusive development in least developed countries. daccess-ods.un.org |
(e) 在制定有关世界遗产保护和管理的决定时应充分考虑在这个领域实践中 理 论认识 的重要性，这样，高级管理人员将受益于理论上开展的一些“培训”。 unesdoc.unesco.org | (e) The need for that philosophical concepts fundamental to conservation practice of the world heritage be given full consideration when making decisions about the conservation and management of the world heritage sites and hence senior management would benefit from some “training” in philosophical issues. unesdoc.unesco.org |
示范战略和实际措施》增订本认识到 有些特殊的妇女群体特别容易遭受暴 力行为，无论是由 于其国籍、族裔、宗教和语言，还是由于其属于土著群体、移 民、无国籍人、难民、居住在不发达、农村或边远社区、无家可归、被机构安置 [...] 或拘留、身有残疾、是老年妇女、寡妇或生活在冲突、冲突后和灾害局势中，因 此，在制定针对暴力侵害妇女行为的预防犯罪和刑事司法对策时，需要对她们予 [...]以特殊关注、干预和保护。 daccess-ods.un.org | The updated Model Strategies and Practical Measures recognize that some special groups of women are particularly [...] vulnerable to violence, either [...]because of their nationality, ethnicity, religion or language, or because they belong to an indigenous group, are migrants, are stateless, are refugees, live in underdeveloped, rural or remote communities, are homeless, are in institutions or in detention, have disabilities, are elderly, are widowed or live in conflict, post-conflict or disaster situations, and as such they require special attention, intervention and protection in the development of crime prevention and criminal justice responses to violence against women. daccess-ods.un.org |
代表团感谢工作小组 成员坦率诚挚的辩论，认为这 将有助于几内亚加深对所有管理领域人权层面 的认 识。 daccess-ods.un.org | The delegation thanked the members of the [...] Working Group for [...] the frank and sincere debate, which would help Guinea to deepen its awareness of the human rights dimension [...]of all fields of governance. daccess-ods.un.org |
讨论认识到： (a) 维持和平和建 设和平进程必须同步发展,以确保持续长久的和平；(b) [...] 维和人员必须执行某些 建设和平任务；(c) 领导力和对当地环境的准确了解是武力使用充备的重要工 具；(d) 平民保护不仅是法律责任，也是道义义务；(e) 宣传与公共关系是维持 和平行动取得成功的关键。 daccess-ods.un.org | The discussions recognized that: (a) peacekeeping [...] and peacebuilding processes must develop together in order to ensure sustainable and lasting [...]peace; (b) peacekeepers must perform certain peacebuilding tasks; (c) leadership and accurate understanding of local traditions are important tools for the adequate use of force; (d) the protection of civilians is not only a legal duty, but a moral obligation; (e) communications and public relations are crucial for a successful peacekeeping operation. daccess-ods.un.org |
(c) 第三，双方投入更多精力来确定和讨 论 各 种 治理问题，以满足西撒哈拉 人民的需要，并应认识到可在不涉及领土最终地位的性质的情况下 讨 论 这 些 问题 的许多方面，例如，如何构建其行政、立法和司法部门的结构、如何组织和进行 选举，以及如何设计中小学教育。 daccess-ods.un.org | (c) Third, that the parties devote [...] additional energy to [...] identifying and discussing a wide range of governance issues with a view to meeting the needs of the people of Western Sahara and with the understanding that many aspects of these issues can be discussed without reference [...]to the nature of [...]the final status of the Territory, for example, how to structure its executive, legislative and judicial branches, how to organize and conduct elections and how to design primary and secondary education. daccess-ods.un.org |
人权理事会在第16/3 号决议中，请咨询委员会编写一份研究报告 ， 论 述更 好地认识和领 会尊严、自由和责任等传统价值可如何有助于增进和保护人权，并 在理事会第二十一届会议之前向理事会提交该研究报告。 daccess-ods.un.org | In its resolution 16/3, the Human Rights Council requested the Advisory Committee to prepare a study on how a better understanding and appreciation of traditional values of dignity, freedom and responsibility could contribute to the promotion and protection of human rights, and to present that study to the Council before its twenty-first session. daccess-ods.un.org |
评价还得出结论认为，开发署“为国际环境工作作出 了重要贡献”，“现已成为在这些领域开展工作的主要全球组织之一”；“已在总部 和各区域中心建立了一支为该组织争光的专业、精干的技术团队”；拿出了“高 质量的分析性知识产品，被公认为有助于政策对话、倡导和提 高 认识 工 作 ；制定 和实施了高质量的环境项目，“这些独立的举措成效显著，具有创新性”；高效率 地执行了全环基金项目，“对其总体成功作出了重大贡献” [4 ]。 daccess-ods.un.org | The evaluation also concluded that UNDP made “significant contributions to international environmental efforts” and is now “among the leading global organizations working in these areas”; built up a “specialized and capable technical team at headquarters and in the regional centres that is a credit to the organization”; produced “high-quality analytical knowledge products recognized for their value in policy dialogue, advocacy and awareness raising”; developed [...] and implemented highquality [...]environmental projects that are “impressive and innovative as stand-alone initiatives”; and implemented GEF projects efficiently and “made a significant contribution to its overall success” [4]. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，安理会的讨论日益认识到社 会性别观点与安 理会面前的其他专题问题之间的相互关系，例如武装冲突中的儿童、保护平民、 预防冲突以及法治和过渡时期司法等。 un.org | In addition, discussions by the Council have increasingly recognized the interrelationship [...] between gender perspectives and [...]other thematic issues before the Council, such as children in armed conflict, protection of civilians, conflict prevention, the rule of law and transitional justice. un.org |
鉴于妇女在刚果人口中所占比例的重要性(妇女所占比例为 [...] 51.7%，男子比例 为 48.3%)，全国舆论认识到， 两性平等不仅仅是一个权利问题，而是一个事关人 [...]类可持续发展的重大问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | With regard to the number of women in the Congolese population (51.7 per cent while men account [...] for 48.3 per cent of the population), [...] national opinion recognizes that gender equality [...]is not merely a question of rights [...]but also a challenge of sustainable human development. daccess-ods.un.org |
讨论小组成员认识到， 亚太经社会在协助各成员国及民间社会在 规划、设计、制订、执行和监测其各自的、有助于绿色增长的发展战略、 [...] 以及在作为一个推广知识中心方面继续发挥着作用。 daccess-ods.un.org | The panellists recognized the continuing [...] role of ESCAP in assisting member States and civil society in planning, designing, [...]formulating, implementing and monitoring their respective development strategies conducive to green growth, as well as in serving as a knowledge hub for replication. daccess-ods.un.org |
他们认为，根据本国立法反对通过该项最大残留限量的国家，除了要其他国家采用其本 国立法之外，没有提出其他办法供讨 论 以 达成 共 识。 codexalimentarius.org | They were of the opinion that countries opposed to the adoption of [...] the MRLs on the basis of their national legislation did not offer any alternative other than their own legislation to be adopted by other countries to the discussion to find consensus. codexalimentarius.org |
与此形成鲜明对比的是，似乎极少部分 的文献篇幅讨论或认识到发 展中国家的知识产权持有者在诸如英国、美国或日本这样的国 [...] 家维护其权益所面临的难题，例如，诉讼费用也许高得令人望而却步。 iprcommission.org | By contrast, it seems to us that there [...] is very little discussion or recognition of the problems [...]which face IP rights holders from [...]the developing world in enforcing their rights in countries like the UK, the US or Japan, for example, where the costs of litigation may be prohibitive. iprcommission.org |
表示注意到 2008 年 11 月 29 日至 12 月 2 日在多哈举行的审查蒙特雷共识执 行情况的发展筹资问题后续国际会议成果文件，13 又表示注意到 2008 年 9 月 22 日在纽约举行的非洲发展需求问题高级别会议 的《政治宣言》，14 还表示注意到联合国贸易和发展会议第十二届大会通过的《阿克拉协议》，15 [...] 其中载有关于商品问题的意义深远的建议，以及贸易和发展理事会及其附属机构 2008 年和 2009 [...] 年通过的关于商品问题的进一步决定和商定 结 论， 认识到许 多发展中国家继续高度依赖初级商品，将之作为其出口收入、就业、 [...] 创收和国内储蓄的主要来源，并作为投资、经济增长和社会发展，包括消除贫穷 的推动力 daccess-ods.un.org | Taking note of the outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus, held in Doha from 29 November to 2 December 2008,13 Taking note also of the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting on Africa’s Development Needs, held in New York on 22 September 2008,14 Taking note further of the Accra Accord, adopted by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development at its twelfth [...] session,15 containing farreaching [...] recommendations on commodity issues, and of further decisions [...]and agreed conclusions on commodities [...]adopted by the Trade and Development Board and its subsidiary bodies in 2008 and 2009 daccess-ods.un.org |
又又 又回顾 回顾 回顾 回顾妇女地位委员会第五十五届会议通过的关于妇女和女孩接受和参与 教育、培训、科学技术的商定结论，4 认识到 认识到 认 识到 认识到科学和技术，包括无害环境技术，可在发展和帮助各国努力消除贫穷、 实现粮食安全、防治疾病、改善教育、保护环境、加快经济多样化和变革步伐以 及提高生产力和竞争力方面发挥至关重要的作用 daccess-ods.un.org | the vital role that science and technology, including environmentally sound technologies, can play in development and in facilitating efforts to eradicate poverty, achieve food security, fight diseases, improve education, protect the environment, accelerate the pace of economic diversification and transformation, and improve productivity and competitiveness daccess-ods.un.org |
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