| 单词 | 法制 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 法制 —made in Franceless common: legal system and institutions 法制 noun —legal system nExamples:司法制度 n—judicial system n 法制上 n—legal system n 法制办公室—Legislative Affairs Office, LAO (PRC)
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强调健全的立法基础是确保儿童和青年 司 法制 度公 平有效的一个必要组成部分，以及若要实现有意义的长期解决，则需对付 支撑犯罪行为的各种条件。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was stressed [...] that a sound legislative basis was an essential part of ensuring a fair and effective justice system for [...]children and youth [...]and that it was also necessary to address the conditions underlying criminal behaviour if meaningful, long-term solutions were to be achieved. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些包括非毛利人与毛利人之间的差异， 《威坦哲条约》在国内立法中的地位，家庭暴力，机会平等，毛利人在刑事 司法 制度中比例过高，以及批准新西兰尚未成为缔约国的人权条约问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | These included the social disparities between non-Maori and Maori; the status of the Treaty of Waitangi in domestic legislation; family violence; equality of opportunity; overrepresentation of Maori in the criminal justice system; and ratification of human rights treaties to which New Zealand was not party. daccess-ods.un.org |
教科文组织主张教育领域的规划和管理工作应以更强 有力的证据为基础，而且主张尝试使用具有包容性、方便儿童的创新型教育 办 法 ， 制 定 有 效 的教育政策和法律，重点确保优质教育权、特别是农村和弱势群体的优质教育权，从而提高 [...] 质量。 unesdoc.unesco.org | UNESCO advocated for stronger evidence-based planning and management in the area of education and for improved quality through piloting innovative [...] inclusive and child-friendly [...] educational approaches and developing effective education policies and laws, focusing [...]on ensuring the right [...]to quality education, especially for rural and disadvantaged populations. unesdoc.unesco.org |
在访问期间，工作组发现，非洲人后裔在葡萄牙面临的挑战主要涉及他们 作为一个特定群体在葡萄牙国家政策和立法框架中得不到承认；其在历史上对 [...] 该国的建设和发展作出积极贡献得不到承认；没有按种族或族裔分列的定性和 [...] 定量的分类数据；贫困、获得教育、公共服务和就业机会不平等，以及在行政 和司法制度运 作方面的歧视，形成恶性循环；存在种族貌相和警察暴力；在政 [...] 治和体制决策进程中代表不足，以及葡萄牙缺少针对非洲人后裔或其他少数群 [...]体的具体措施或扶持行动政策。 daccess-ods.un.org | During their visit, the Working Group found that the challenges faced by people of African descent in Portugal related mainly to their lack of recognition as a specific group in the national policy and legal framework; the lack of recognition of their positive contribution throughout history to the construction and development of the country; the lack of qualitative and quantitative disaggregated data by racial or ethnic origin; the existence of a circle of poverty, unequal access to education, public services, employment, as well as [...] discrimination in the administration and [...] functioning of the justice system; existence [...]of racial profiling and police violence; [...]underrepresentation in political and institutional decision-making processes, as well as the lack of special measures or affirmative action policies in Portugal for people of African descent or other minorities. daccess-ods.un.org |
委員會尤其質 疑 ， 若 爭 議的各方已 [...] 就訟費的法 律責任達成 協 議，而餘 下的問題只 是訟費的數額 ，為何 還 要 [...] 賦予法庭 ／ 法院額 外的權 力以重新處理誰 人 ( 包括非 法律程序的一方) 應 支付該 爭 議的訟費的問題，以及這些條文曾否納 入 民事司法制度改革諮詢的 範圍。 legco.gov.hk | It has questioned, in particular, if the parties to the dispute have already reached an agreement as to the liability of costs and the only remaining question is the amount of costs, the reason for seeking to give additional powers to the Court to re-open the question of who (including a non-party) [...] should pay the costs of the dispute, and [...] whether such provisions have been included in the consultation exercise on the CJR. legco.gov.hk |
在此 方面，如果科学信息不确定、不可靠或不准确，区域渔业管理组织和安排应确保 采取审慎做法制定养 护和管理措施，包括制定措施确保捕捞作业、捕捞能力和渔 获量限制的水平酌情与此类种群的长期可持续性相符。 daccess-ods.un.org | In this regard, where scientific information was uncertain, unreliable or inadequate, RFMO/As were to ensure that conservation [...] and management measures [...] were established consistent with the precautionary approach, including [...]measures to ensure that fishing [...]effort, fishing capacity and catch limits, as appropriate, were at levels commensurate with the long-term sustainability of such stocks. daccess-ods.un.org |
在塔吉克斯坦，有四个特征构成了联合国发展援助框架的基础，即许多基础服务 [...] 的质量的下降和获得基础服务机会的减少（比如教育和保健）和严酷的山区地形（自 然资源的可持续管理、备灾）、临时出现民主价值观（决策的问 责 制 、 法制 与 人 权以 及区域稳定）和重建家园中更大的家庭和社区举措（经济机会、获得干净的饮用 [...]水）。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In Tajikistan four features form accordingly the basis of the UNDAF, namely decline in the quality of and access to many basic services (e.g. education and health) and the demanding mountainous terrain (sustainable management of natural resources, disaster preparedness), a tentative [...] appearance of democratic [...] values (accountability of decision-making, rule of law and human rights [...]and regional stability), [...]and greater household and community initiative in rebuilding their livelihoods (economic opportunities, access to clean drinking water). unesdoc.unesco.org |
该法的条款也适 用于涉及依法管制的法制制品处 理的其他领域，只要这些领域不受其他法律调 节。 daccess-ods.un.org | The provisions of the Act also apply in other areas concerning the handling of chemicals which are regulated by law, in so far as these areas are not regulated by other laws. daccess-ods.un.org |
在这方面，小组委员会注意到，工作组依照其多年期工作计划进行的讨论 使各成员国得以了解各种现行的国家监管框架，在议程项目 12 [...] 下开展的工作已 经产生了切实的成果，该工作组的报告将成为国家空间 立 法制 定 情 况方面的信 息来源。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Subcommittee noted, in that regard, that the discussion of the Working Group under its multi-year workplan had allowed member States to gain an understanding of existing national regulatory frameworks and that the work conducted under agenda item 12 had already yielded concrete results, as the [...] final report of the Working Group would become a source of information on the [...] development of national space legislation. daccess-ods.un.org |
(d) 国家特遣队成员会受到联合国行政行动的处罚，通常是遣返，并会受到 其派遣国的军事和（或）刑事司法制 度 的 追究。 pseataskforce.org | (d) Members of national contingents may face administrative action by the United [...] Nations, usually repatriation, and may be subject to the military [...] and/or criminal justice systems of their sending State. pseataskforce.org |
此外， 最高法院没有足够的法官不仅仅影响了诉诸司法的权利，而且还违背 了 法制本 身。 daccess-ods.un.org | Furthermore, the absence of sufficient Supreme Court judges does not only affect the right to [...] access to court, but also breaches the rule of law itself. daccess-ods.un.org |
对外措施： 计划考虑了 41 项措施，这 41 项措施主要是为了实现以下主要 目标：废除死刑(包括成立一个废除死刑的国际委员会)；在合作领域的人权；消 [...] 除酷刑；性别平等；消除性别暴力；禁止贩运人口；消除一切形式的歧视；保护 [...] 儿童权利，使他们不受剥削、暴力和疾病的侵害；从保 护 法制 国 家 和保护人权的 角度出发，制止恐怖主义；保护人权监察员；推进经济、社会与文化权利；消除 [...] 有罪不罚现象，并对国际刑事法院、以及以消除国际犯罪不受惩罚为目的的法院 [...]和其他机制提供积极帮助；消除贫困；应对气候变化；可持续发展。 daccess-ods.un.org | Foreign policy measures: The plan envisages 41 measures that pursue the following priority objectives: the abolition of the death penalty (including the creation of an international commission against the death penalty); human rights in the area of cooperation; the eradication of torture; gender equality; the eradication of gender-based violence; combating human trafficking; the elimination of all forms of discrimination; the protection of children from exploitation, violence and disease; an end [...] to terrorism, including through the defence [...] of the rule of law and of human rights; [...]the protection of human rights defenders; [...]the promotion of economic, social and cultural rights; combating impunity, and active support for the International Criminal Court and for courts and other mechanisms combating impunity for international crimes; the eradication of poverty; combating climate change; and sustainable development. daccess-ods.un.org |
他们强调了贩运枪支同贩毒之间的联系，并欢迎为制订一项打击 非 法制造 和贩运枪支的示范法所作的努力。 daccess-ods.un.org | They highlighted the links between trafficking in firearms and drug trafficking and [...] welcomed efforts towards the development [...] of a model law against the illicit manufacturing of and trafficking [...]in firearms. daccess-ods.un.org |
我们强调指出，必须针对在此前举行的关于《行动纲领》执行情况的会议上 进行的讨论和提出的建议采取后续行动，这些会议包括第三次各国双年度会议 (2008 年)、第四次各国双年度会议(2010 [...] 年)和不限成员名额政府专家会议(2011 [...] 年)以及联合国大会在过去十年举行的关于相关主题的会议，例如，关于小武器 和轻武器非法制造、转移和流通造成的人道主义和发展负面影响(见第 [...] 60/68 号 决议)以及关于通过减少和防止武装暴力来促进发展(见第 63/23 [...]号决议和 A/64/228 号文件)的会议。 daccess-ods.un.org | We underline the need to follow up on the discussions held and recommendations made at previous meetings on the implementation of the Programme of Action, including the Third Biennial Meeting of States (2008), the Fourth Biennial Meeting of States (2010) and the Open-ended Meeting of Governmental Experts (2011), and on related topics taken up by the General Assembly over the past decade, such as [...] the negative humanitarian and development [...] impact of the illicit manufacture, transfer [...]and circulation of small arms and light [...]weapons (see resolution 60/68) and promoting development through the reduction and prevention of armed violence (see resolution 63/23 and document A/64/228). daccess-ods.un.org |
我們應該設法制訂㆒ 套可以靈活應變的架構，㆒方面提供優良的私營醫療服 務，另㆒方面則是水準良好而低廉的公營服務，以照顧那些經濟情況不足以負擔私營醫療 服務的㆟士。 legco.gov.hk | We should seek to establish a framework that is flexible enough to accommodate at one end sophisticated private medicine and at the other a good standard, very low cost public sector service for those whose circumstances are insufficient to enable them to obtain private medicine. legco.gov.hk |
在第六句，将“以及非法贩运和制造小武器和轻武器的行为”改为“以 及非法制造和 贩运小武器和轻武器的行为”。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the sixth sentence, replace the words “illicit trafficking in and manufacture of small arms” with the words “illicit manufacture of and trafficking in small arms”. daccess-ods.un.org |
规则 67 应作出努力，围绕妇女所犯罪行、妇女对抗刑事 司 法制 度 的 诱因、二次判罪 和监禁对妇女的影响、女性罪犯的特性以及用以减少妇女再次犯罪可能性的方案 等问题，组织和促进注重成果的综合研究，以此作为有效规划、拟定方案和制定 政策的基础，以期对女性罪犯重新融入社会的需要做出回应。 daccess-ods.un.org | Efforts shall be made to organize and promote comprehensive, result-oriented research on the offences committed by women, the reasons that trigger women’s confrontation with the criminal justice system, the impact of secondary criminalization and imprisonment on women, the characteristics of women offenders, as well as programmes designed to reduce reoffending by women, as a basis for effective planning, programme development and policy formulation to respond to the social reintegration needs of women offenders. daccess-ods.un.org |
深信对某些实际裁军措施采取全面综合的做法，常常是维持和巩固和平与安 全的先决条件，因此，是切实开展冲突后建设和平的基础；这些措施包括收集并 且最好通过销毁负责地处理通过非法贩运或 非 法制 造 获 得的武器和国家主管当 局宣布超出需要的武器和弹药，特别是小武器和轻武器，除非另一种处置或用途 已正式得到批准，并且已经适当对这些武器进行了标识和登记；建立信任措施； 前战斗人员解除武装、复员和重返社会；排雷以及军转民 daccess-ods.un.org | Convinced that a comprehensive and integrated approach towards certain practical disarmament measures often is a prerequisite to maintaining and consolidating peace and security and thus provides a basis for effective post-conflict peacebuilding; such measures include collection and responsible disposal, preferably through destruction, of weapons obtained through illicit trafficking or illicit manufacture as well as of weapons and ammunition declared by competent national authorities to be surplus to requirements, particularly with regard to small arms and light weapons, unless another form of disposition or use has been officially authorized and provided that such weapons have been duly marked and registered; confidence-building measures; disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants; demining; and conversion daccess-ods.un.org |
宜于促进可持续消费和生产的政策领域有：以创新、生命周期和供应链等办 法制定关 于生产和土地利用的政策；战略环境评估；将可持续消费和生产纳入国 [...] 家发展计划；自愿的私营部门协议；能源效率和可再生性；在建筑施工中促进对 环境友好的做法；需要对贴标签做法进行评估，并确定符合该区域最佳利益的标 [...]签标准；制定工具，增加可持续活动的相对赢利；扩大可持续产品的市场；努力 确保当地社区和土著群体在开发资源和传统知识所得利益中享有公平的份额。 daccess-ods.un.org | The policy areas in which it was desirable to promote sustainable consumption and [...] production were: innovation, life cycle [...] and supply-chain approaches to policies on [...]production and land use; strategic environmental [...]assessments; the incorporation of sustainable consumption and production into national development plans; voluntary private sector agreements; energy efficiency and renewability; the promotion of environmentally friendly practices in construction; the need to assess labelling and define labelling criteria in the best interest of the region; the establishment of instruments to enhance the relative profitability of sustainable activities; the expansion of markets for sustainable products; and efforts to ensure that local communities and indigenous groups receive a fair share of the benefits generated by the exploration of resources and traditional knowledge. daccess-ods.un.org |
对于 大多数发展中国家来说，特别是低收入国家，遵守《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》的这 些条款对其司法制度、 民事和刑事司法程序及执行机构是个很大的制度性挑战。 iprcommission.org | For many developing countries, particularly low income ones, compliance with these provisions of TRIPS presents considerable institutional challenges for judicial systems, civil and criminal procedures and the enforcement authorities. iprcommission.org |
总统为国家元首，经总理动议由议会多数选举 产生，其职责是坚持和捍卫《宪法》，确保民主 体 制 和 法制 受 到保护，所有人的 基本权利受到尊重。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Head of State is the President who is elected by a majority of all members of the Assembly on a motion made by the Prime Minister and whose functions include upholding and defending the [...] Constitution and ensuring that [...] the institutions of democracy and the rule of law are protected and [...]the fundamental rights of all are respected. daccess-ods.un.org |
应该为确定某个具体人员是否拥有适合调动的技能 [...] 制定明确的标准，从而确保进行客观的审查和避免 采用内部司法制度。 daccess-ods.un.org | Clear criteria for determining whether a particular individual had transferable skills should [...] be developed so as to ensure an objective review process and avoid recourse to the system of [...] administration of justice. daccess-ods.un.org |
相关措 施包括预防暴力的各种政策、方案和法律，以及利用刑法和 执 法制 止 犯罪者并 将其绳之以法，从而有效执行立法和各项政策。 daccess-ods.un.org | Relevant measures include both policies, programmes and laws to prevent violence, as well as the use of criminal law and law enforcement to deter and bring perpetrators to justice to effectively implement the legislation and policies. daccess-ods.un.org |
海盗行为在国家司法制度内 被定为一项犯罪，这在有些国家已有上百年的历 史。23 为成功进行起诉，国家司法系统成功起诉海盗行为需具备如下要素：海盗 [...] 和海上武装抢劫为刑事犯罪；参与或企图实施此类罪行者的刑事责任；确立国家 对公海上海盗犯罪行为的刑事管辖权的规定；进行起诉所需的证据和程序规定。 daccess-ods.un.org | Piracy is a crime that has [...] existed in national jurisdictions, in some cases, [...]for hundreds of years.23 The elements that [...]are needed within the national jurisdiction for successful prosecutions are criminal offences of piracy and armed robbery at sea; criminal responsibility of those who participate in, or attempt to commit, such offences; provisions establishing national criminal jurisdiction over piracy offences committed on the high seas; and the necessary evidentiary and procedural provisions to conduct prosecutions. daccess-ods.un.org |
我们欣见，自《行动纲领》和《国际追查文书》通过以来，在执行方面取得 了相当大的进展，包括各国制订、加强和执行了关于防止非法贩运和 非 法制 造小武器和轻武器的国家法律、条例和行政程序，制订了国家行动计划，建立了国家 联络点，自愿提交了国家报告，加强了区域合作，并且在执行确保储存安全、收 集和销毁非法小武器和轻武器、小武器和轻武器标识和进行技术培训等广泛的具 体措施方面取得了进展。 daccess-ods.un.org | We welcome the considerable progress that has been made in implementing the Programme of Action and the International Tracing Instrument since their adoption, including on the establishment, strengthening and enforcement of national laws, regulations and administrative procedures to prevent the illicit trafficking and illegal manufacture of small arms and light weapons, the development of national action plans, the establishment of national points of contact, the submission of voluntary national reports and the strengthening of regional cooperation, as well as the progress made in implementing a wide range of specific measures, including on stockpile security, the collection and destruction of illicit small arms and light weapons, the marking of small arms and light weapons, and technical training. daccess-ods.un.org |
然而，同样千真万确的是，如果不适当和及早诉 诸系统内可用的所有手段来促进受冲突影响国家或 区域的可持续经济发展，那么有关国家或区域就有再 次陷入暴力的严重风险，使几年、有时是几十年来投 放在维护和平领域的巨大人力和物力以及所支出的 费用都白费，并导致安全部门必须持续驻留当地，而 无法制定一项安全的撤离战略。 daccess-ods.un.org | Yet, it is also true that, without adequate and early recourse to all instruments available within the system to promote the sustainable economic development of the country or region affected by conflict, there is a serious risk of a relapse into violence that may undo years and sometimes decades of great human and material effort and cost devoted to the maintenance of peace, and result in the sustained maintenance of the security component on the ground without envisioning a safe exit strategy. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，《瑞士 联邦执行国际制裁法》(制裁法；SR946.231)允许瑞士当局限制或禁止与外国或 国外实体贸易，以遵守联合国、欧洲安全与合作组织(欧安组织)或瑞士主要贸易 [...] 伙伴决定实施的制裁。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition, the [...] Swiss Federal Act on the Enforcement of International Sanctions (Sanctions Act; SR 946.231) [...]allows the Swiss authorities [...]to limit or prohibit trade with foreign States or entities in order to comply with sanctions decided upon by the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe or major trading partners of Switzerland. daccess-ods.un.org |
司法独立是民主法制建设 的关键因素，因此，政府以为此领域计划了一系列 改革措施，旨在重组司法组织、消除腐败、非军事 化检察署并使之独立于政权之外。 daccess-ods.un.org | Since an [...] independent justice system was a crucial element of democracy and the rule of law, the Government [...]had launched a series [...]of reforms aimed at restructuring the organization of the judicial system, eradicating corruption, and establishing a public prosecutor’s office independent of political power and the military. daccess-ods.un.org |
对反映一般国际法强制性规范(强制法 ) 的 条 约规定的保留，不影响该强制性 规范的约束性质，该强制性规范应继续作为此种规范在保留国或组织与其他国家 [...] 或国际组织之间适用。 daccess-ods.un.org | A reservation to a treaty provision [...] which reflects a peremptory [...] norm of general international law (jus cogens) does not affect [...]the binding nature of that norm, [...]which shall continue to apply as such between the reserving State or organization and other States or international organizations. daccess-ods.un.org |
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