| 单词 | 人文学科 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 人文学科 noun—art nExamples:人文社会学科—humanities and social sciences See also:人文—humanities • human affairs 人文 n—culture n 学科 n—field n • subject n • study n • course n 学科—academic discipline • branch of learning
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目前的详细调查显示，团队或大型团体方式正在变成科学、 工程和技术界的准标准模式；即使在 人文学科 和 社 会科学领域， 它们也比以往普及的多。 biggerbrains.com | There is now detailed research showing that team or large group approaches are becoming almost the norm in [...] science, engineering and technology, but they are also becoming much more [...] common in the humanities and social sciences. biggerbrains.com |
该组织努力使这些材料具有尽可能广泛的跨课程性，使 它们可以用在科学、英语、人文学科 、 公 民教育、宗教教育、数学和艺术课堂上。 daccess-ods.un.org | The organization has tried to make the materials as cross-curricular as [...] possible, so that they can [...] be used in science, English, humanities, citizenship, religious education, maths and art classrooms. daccess-ods.un.org |
它提供四类基本课程：科学和人文 学科课程 (主要适用于那些希望接受高等教育者)；技术课程；专门的艺术类课程 和专业课程。 daccess-ods.un.org | It offers [...] four basic types of courses: scientific and humanities courses (intended mostly for those wishing to pursue higher education); [...]technological courses; [...]specialized artistic courses; and professional courses. daccess-ods.un.org |
举办 论坛的根据是需要借助人文学科的贡献展望 21 世纪的前景——包括定义 21 世纪 的人文精神是什么和将会是什么这一首要挑战。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The rationale for the event is the need to draw on the contribution of the humanities to imagine possible futures for the twenty-first century – including the overarching challenge of defining what it is and will be to be human in the twenty-first century. unesdoc.unesco.org |
目前，阿塞拜疆教育体制遇到若干挑战：(a) 缺少新课本；(b) 需要电脑和 软件程序，以及上网费过高；(c) 没有提供教育控制和改善的实际机制；(d) 教 师和教授的培训和专业水平低；(e) 学生们对自然科学没什么兴趣，大部分学生 对人文学科感兴趣；(f) 教师工资低，这也是滋生腐败的一个主要原因；(g) 阿 塞拜疆的街头儿童几乎无法获得教育。 daccess-ods.un.org | At present there are several challenges in the education system of Azerbaijan: (a) the lack of new books; (b) the need for computers and software programs, as well as the high cost of Internet access; (c) no real mechanism for providing control and improvement of education; (d) low-level training and professionalism of teachers and professors; (e) little interest among students in the natural sciences with most of the students being interested in humanitarian disciplines; (f) teachers’ low salaries; this is also a main reason for corruption; (g) street children are almost kept away from education in Azerbaijan. daccess-ods.un.org |
在学科分布方面，女生在人文教育 和医疗卫生专业的比例较高，而在科技专业的比例较低：女生在医疗卫生学科的 第一和第二阶段及学位学生中的比例分别为 73.6%和 64.3%；在艺术和人文学科 的第 一和第二阶段及学位学生中的比例分别为 61.6%和 62.1%，在社会科学和法 学学科的第一和第二阶段及学位学生中的比例分别为 62.5%和 56%。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the distribution by field of studies, women represented the majority in the humanities and health fields and to a lesser extent in technical fields: In health sciences (73.6 per cent in the first and second cycles and 64.3 per cent in postgraduate studies); arts and humanities (61.6 per cent in the first and second cycles and 62.1 per cent in postgraduate studies); and social and legal sciences (62.5 per cent in the first and second cycles and 56 per cent in postgraduate studies). daccess-ods.un.org |
世界哲学日活动不仅强调在会员国中教授哲学 的重要性，而且也有助于人们更深刻地认识到批判性思维 和 人文学科 对 生物伦理等不同领域 的专题性问题的贡献。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The initiative is a unique opportunity for all those who are committed to the promotion of gender equality in newsrooms to challenge the media to fulfill their democratic responsibility to represent women and men in a fair and balanced way. unesdoc.unesco.org |
小组由加纳环境、科学和技术部部长 Sherry Ayittey 主持，由以下专家组 成：美国科学促进会教育和人力资源方案总局局长、科学和技术促进发展委员会 性别咨询委员会联合主席 Shirley [...] Malcom、进步通信协会拉丁美洲妇女网络支持 方案区域协调员 Dafne [...] Cristina Sabanes de Plou、瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院妇女 参与科学和人文学科基金会 Sabine Süsstrunk 以及科伦坡工业技术研究所所长 [...]Vijaya Kumar。 daccess-ods.un.org | The panel, moderated by Sherry Ayittey, Minister for Environment, Science and Technology of Ghana, was composed of the following experts: Shirley Malcom, Head of the Directorate for Education and Human Resources Programs of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and Co-chair, Gender Advisory Board of the Commission on Science and Technology for Development; Dafne Cristina Sabanes de Plou, Regional Coordinator of the Women’s Networking Support Programme in Latin America of the Association for Progressive Communications; [...] Sabine Süsstrunk, École [...] polytechnique fédérale de LausanneWomen in Science and Humanities Foundation, [...]Switzerland; and Vijaya [...]Kumar, Chair of the Industrial Technology Institute, Colombo. daccess-ods.un.org |
泛非洲大学的联络点包括尼日利亚的伊 巴丹大学主办的一个地球和生命科学中心；肯尼亚的乔莫·肯尼亚塔大学的科学、 技术和创新中心；喀麦隆雅温得大学的一个治理 、 人文学科 和 社 会科学中心；南 非的一个空间科学中心，以及 11 所阿尔及利亚大学网络支持的一个水、能源和 气候变化研究所。 daccess-ods.un.org | The University nodes include an Earth and Life Sciences Centre hosted by the University of Ibadan in Nigeria; a Centre for Sciences, Technology and Innovation at the Jomo Kenyatta University in Kenya; a Centre on Governance, Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Yaoundé in Cameroon; a Space Sciences Centre in South Africa; and an Institute for Water, Energy and Climate Change supported by a network of 11 Algerian universities. daccess-ods.un.org |
例如，上文提到的 ERIH 组建了专家小组。这些专家小组分 三个等级，对人文学科 14 个子学科（如人类学、性别研究、哲学 和心理学）的期刊进行了排名。 biggerbrains.com | For example, the ERIH mentioned in the previous section has already established expert panels which have ranked journals in 14 sub-disciplines of the humanities such as anthropology, gender studies, philosophy and psychology, based on three tiers. biggerbrains.com |
在社会科学和人文科学科制 定生物伦理领域标准的行动中，教科文组织通过 了三项宣言——《世界人类基因组与人权宣言》(1997 年)、《世界人类遗传数据 宣言》(2003 年)和《世界生物伦理与人权宣言》(2005 年)，其中广泛涉及不歧 [...] 视问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | Within its standard-setting action in the field of bioethics carried out by the Social and Human Sciences Sector, UNESCO [...] has adopted three [...]Declarations — the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights (1997), the International Declaration on Human Genetic Data (2003) and the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (2005) — in which the issue of non-discrimination is extensively addressed. daccess-ods.un.org |
这个测验是国外标准化的，用来检验孩子们 的能力、技能、以及在人文科学和自 然科学 方面的知识。 paiz.gov.pl | This exam is external and standardised and is designed to check the child’s abilities, skills, and knowledge [...] in the field of humanities and science. paiz.gov.pl |
此外，虽然缔约方会议鼓励缔约方在有关名册的所有决定中加强性别平衡，增加 人文科学等学科的代表人数，这些领域仍然有待改善。 daccess-ods.un.org | Moreover, although the COP encourages Parties to improve the gender [...] balance as well as the [...] representation of disciplines such as human sciences in all decisions [...]taken with regard to the roster, [...]these areas are yet to be improved. daccess-ods.un.org |
不断创造出引领世界并涉及自然科学 、 人文科学 、 社会科学等广泛领域的研究成果。 tohoku.ac.jp | Consistently produce top research in a broad spectrum of fields, including the natural sciences, humanities and social sciences. tohoku.ac.jp |
在本届会议上，社会科学及人文科学 委 员 会和自然科学委员会审议了 35 C/COM SC/DR.1 [...] 号文件所建议的决议（提案国：奥地利、比利时、玻利维亚多民族国、布基纳法 索、刚果、朝鲜民主主义人民共和国、丹麦、吉布提、多米尼加共和国、芬兰、冰岛、利比 [...]亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、马达加斯加、新西兰、荷兰、挪威、帕劳、巴布亚新几内亚、波兰、 葡萄牙、萨摩亚、塞内加尔、斯洛文尼亚、瑞典、图瓦卢和乌拉圭；共同提案国：巴巴多 斯、哥斯达黎加、德国、哈萨克斯坦、拉脱维亚、黎巴嫩、马来西亚、摩纳哥、巴基斯坦、 所罗门群岛、苏里南和赞比亚），要求总干事利用教科文组织独有的跨学科背景，加强教科 文组织在气候变化问题上的专业能力。 unesdoc.unesco.org | During this session, the SHS and SC Commissions examined the [...] resolution proposed in document 35 C/COM SC/DR.1 (submitted [...]by: Austria, [...]Belgium, Plurinational State of Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Congo, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Finland, Iceland, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, New Zealand, Netherlands, Norway, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Samoa, Senegal, Slovenia, Sweden, Tuvalu, Uruguay; co-sponsored by: Barbados, Costa Rica, Germany, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Malaysia, Monaco, Pakistan, Solomon Islands, Suriname, and Zambia), requesting the Director-General to strengthen UNESCO’s specialized capacity on climate change, building upon UNESCO’s unique interdisciplinary profile. unesdoc.unesco.org |
展望、哲学、人文科学与人类安全：教科文组织将通过预测和对未来的思考等行动履 行其思想试验室的职能，如《二十一世纪的交流与对话》和教科文组织的《世界报告》。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Foresight, [...] philosophy, human sciences and human security: [...]UNESCO will carry out its function as a laboratory of ideas through [...]action pertaining to anticipation and future-oriented reflection, such as the Entretiens et Dialogues du XXIe siècle and the UNESCO World Report. unesdoc.unesco.org |
由于目前的情况可能会影响教科文组织主管的五个领域——教育、自 然科学、人文科学及社 会科学、文化、传播与信息，所以下面的章节将对其 进行审议。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The following chapters review the current situation as it may affect the five fields of competence of UNESCO – education, natural sciences, human and social sciences, culture, communication and information. unesdoc.unesco.org |
此外，下列国际和国家 组织也向委员会提供了他们对教科文组织科学计划的看法：国际科学理事会(ICSU),国际哲 学人文科学理事 会(ISSC),世界青年科学家学会(WAYS),南非自然科学基金，瑞典国际开发署 (瑞典与发展中国家的合作研究机构),加拿大社会 科 学 及 人文科学 理 事 会，以及以色列技术 学院(Technion)。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In addition, scientific experts from the following international and national organizations [...] provided their views on [...] UNESCO’s science programmes to the Committee: the International Council for Science (ICSU), the International Social Sciences Research Council (ISSC), the World Academy of Young Scientists (WAYS), the National Research Foundation of South Africa, the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA), the Social Sciences and Humanities [...]Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) [...]and the Israel Institute of Technology (Technion). unesdoc.unesco.org |
在波兰有两种类型的高等教育机构，大学提 供人文科学、自然科学、医学、经济学、艺 术、教育学、军事学和各种专业的课程，在 特定的专业领域提供教学，学生日后可从事 特定职业。 paiz.gov.pl | There are two types of higher education institution, the University type, which offers studies in humanities; science; medical science; economics; the arts; pedagogy and military studies and the professional type, which educates students in specific professional areas preparing them for practising a profession. paiz.gov.pl |
人文科学国家基金会应该就人文科学在 21 世纪经济中所 扮演的角色进行一项研究。 fgereport.org | The National Endowment for the Humanities should undertake a study of the role of humanities in the 21st century economy. fgereport.org |
因此，在 31 C/4 所涉期间的三个双年度--即 31C/5、32 C/5 和 33 C/5--中，能力建设在教科文组织所有部门，即教育、自 然 科学 、 人文科学 和 社 会 科学、文化以及传播与信息部门中发挥了至关重要的作用。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Throughout the three biennia approved for the 31 C/4 period – namely documents 31 C/5, 32 C/5 and 33 C/5 – capacity-building has accordingly played a critically important role in interventions by all of UNESCO’s sectors – education, the natural sciences, the human and social sciences, culture and communication and information. unesdoc.unesco.org |
非政府组织还认为，社会科学及 人文科学 部 门 应开展有关评估和促进社会 科 学 与 人文 科学及哲 学在社会中的作用与地位的一系列协调一致的活动，为这些学科的研究和教学基础 设施提供支持。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The suggestion was also made that SHS should develop a coherent set of activities concerning the assessment and fostering of the role and status of the social and human sciences and philosophy in society and support research and teaching infrastructures in these disciplines. unesdoc.unesco.org |
为此，教科文组织将重点通过国际哲 学人文科学 理 事 会（CIPSH）和国际社会科学理事会 （CISH）支持研究工作并利用取得的各种成果，它将为公民、青年人和职业界开展多样性 的活动，使最大多数的人能从积极参与哲学辩论和了解他们成长的历史、智力、人类学、伦 理学和道德背景受益；它将编写和发行世界报告每两年一期。 unesdoc.unesco.org | For this purpose, UNESCO will support research and highlight its contributions, in particular through the International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies (ICPHS) [...] and the International [...]Social Science Council (ISSC); it will undertake diversified activities targeting citizens, youth and professional circles, so that the greatest possible number may have active access to philosophical debate and to knowledge of the historical, intellectual, anthropological, ethical and moral context in which it is evolving; it will prepare and disseminate a World Report every two years. unesdoc.unesco.org |
在哲学方面，正在与国际哲 学人文科学 理 事 会重新确定框架协定，国际 哲 学人文科学 理事 会仍将是该部门的主要合作伙伴之一，在组织国际哲学日方面更是如此。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In the field of philosophy, the [...] Framework Agreement [...] with the International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies (ICPHS) is being redefined and ICPHS will [...]continue to be one [...]of the Sector’s major partners, particularly in connection with the organization of international philosophy day. unesdoc.unesco.org |
在上述这段时期，总干事发起的改革大大改变了社会 科 学 及 人文科学 部 门 的面貌---从 以往大量活动膨胀和雄心勃勃的特点到着重围绕精心选定的少数领域：科学技术伦理学与生 物伦理学（该部门的主要优先事项），促进人权和反对歧视方面的其它优先事项；预测、哲 学、人文科学和人 类安全；及社会变革管理。 unesdoc.unesco.org | During the period under review, the implementation of reforms initiated by the DirectorGeneral [...] considerably changed the landscape [...] of SHS – from one characterized by an expansive and ambitious array of activities, to one focused around a limited number of judiciously selected areas: ethics of science and technology (principal priority of the Sector), the other priorities on promotion of human rights and the struggle against discrimination; foresight, philosophy, human sciences and human security; [...]and management of social transformations. unesdoc.unesco.org |
关于促进知识和信息交流，调动哲学 和 人文科学 间 的 协同作用及更好地承认哲学 和人 文科学的社 会作用，开展了若干联网和外延活动：在教科文组织思想之路网跨学科项目的框 架内，为纪念拉丁美洲科学家和 作家 Carlos Chagas Filho，与国际哲学人文科学理事 会 (ICPHS)合作，2004 年 5 月 26 日在总部举办了一期关于“从世界政治的观点来看科学史和科 学学”研讨会。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Regarding the promotion of exchanges of knowledge and information and creation of [...] synergies between philosophy [...] and the human sciences and the better recognition of the social role of philosophy and the human sciences, a number of networking and outreach activities were organized: In the framework of UNESCO’s interdisciplinary Pathways of Thought Network, the symposium on “The History and the Philosophy of Science from a Cosmopolitical [...]Point of View”, [...]was held at Headquarters in honour of the Latin American scientist and essayist Carlos Chagas Filho on 26 May 2004. unesdoc.unesco.org |
它们还建议，对项目进行评 估，与专业网络和非政府组织展开密切合作；进一步建议加强国际 哲 学人文科学 理 事会 （ICPHS）与国际社会科学理事会（ISSC）之间的合作与协调，充分发挥它们的专长和作 [...] 用，促进其与教科文组织俱乐部和联系学校项目网的合作。 unesdoc.unesco.org | It was further proposed that cooperation and coordination be strengthened between the [...] International Council for [...] Philosophy and Humanistic Studies (ICPHS) and the International Social Science Council [...](ISSC), to bring into [...]full play their expertise and roles and to strengthen their cooperation with UNESCO Clubs and ASPnet. unesdoc.unesco.org |
一大批具体的建议已提交给对话的协调员，如建立大学的对话与网络；青年科学家的 [...] 对话，邀请教科文组织教席担任者参与对话活动；两个地区的实习记者和资深新闻工作者的 [...] 对话；举行青年论坛；重新启动文学作品翻译委员会，增加用欧洲语言翻译的阿拉伯作品； 学校教科书的比较研究；文化产业专 业 人 士 的 对话；举办跨地区会议，探讨欧洲历史教科书 中阿拉伯伊斯兰文化的形象。 unesdoc.unesco.org | A host of concrete proposals were suggested to the coordinators of the Dialogue, such as: dialogue and networking among universities; dialogue among young scientists, involving UNESCO chairholders in dialogue activities; dialogue among student journalists and seasoned media practitioners from both regions; the holding of youth forums; reactivation of the Committee for the Translation of Literary Works and increase in the translation of Arabic works into European [...] languages; a comparative [...] study of school textbooks; dialogue involving professionals from cultural industries; the [...]organization of an interregional [...]conference on the image of Arab-Islamic culture in European history books. unesdoc.unesco.org |
Makanaky 先生建议：联合国社会发展研究所可以开始一系列长期研究项目 以便为决策者提供数据；教科文组织可以帮助各国 和 学 术 界建立可将非洲离 散人 群与 非洲大陆连接起来的方案；世卫组织可发起区域性倡议，应对非洲裔人在健 康领域面临的挑战；国际劳工组织可以对非洲裔人在工作中受到的歧视开展调 查；联合国开发计划署作为联合国系统的协调机构，可以落实工作组决定的举 措。 daccess-ods.un.org | Mr. Makanaky suggested that the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development could start a series of long-term research projects to deliver data for decision-makers; UNESCO could assist States and academia in setting up programmes that would connect the African diaspora with the African continent; WHO could sponsor regional initiatives to address challenges faced by people of African descent in the area of health; ILO could conduct a survey on discrimination against people of African descent at work; the United Nations Development Programme, as the coordinator of the United Nations family, could follow up on initiatives decided by the Working Group. daccess-ods.un.org |
它强调了科学工作 人员的下述权利：“对某些项目的 人文 、 社 会或生物学价值自由表示意见，如果 他们的良心要求他们退出项目，作为最后办法，他们可自由退出”；它还建议提 供有力的揭发内幕保护。 daccess-ods.un.org | It stressed the right of scientific researchers to “express themselves freely on the human, [...] social or ecological value of [...]certain projects and, in the last resort, withdraw from those projects if their conscience so dictates”; it also recommended strong whistle-blower protections. daccess-ods.un.org |
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