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External sources (not reviewed)

I hope that more consideration can be given as to how this prodigal son can be reined in to become a good child with social conscience, a child who cares about the livelihood of the general public.

(b) How the electronic reverse auction can be accessed, and the electronic equipment [...]

[...] [...] more fissile material under irreversible International Atomic Energy [...] [...]

Taking account of the increasing use of ERAs and the twin aims of harmonization and promotion of best practice, the Working Group agreed: (i) to include in the revised Model Law a general enabling provision providing the key principles for the use of ERAs, notably the conditions for and limitations to the use of ERAs; (ii) to confine ERAs under the Model Law to some types of purchases for which non-price criteria could be quantified, specifications could be provided and a competitive market existed; (iii) to address in the Guide the use of ERAs in detail; and (iv) to take into account the approach of the multilateral Government Procurement Agreement of the World Trade Organization as regards the use of ERAs (A/CN.9/575, paras. 60-62, 66 and 67).

The Working Group agreed on a preliminary basis to include provisions stipulating the conditions for the use of ERAs to chapter II and provisions on procedural matters of ERAs to chapter V of the Model Law, enabling the use of ERAs on a stand-alone basis and in appropriate procurement methods and techniques (A/CN.9/615, paras. 37 and 50).

The Working Group considered that the Guide text should address when and how suppliers might withdraw from the ERA process before its closure (A/CN.9/595, para. 111).

It is clear, however, that there may be practical difficulties in preserving the anonymity of bidders, despite the provisions of this article and the chapter as a whole, in procurement for which a more or less stable pool of providers exists, and in repeated procurement of similar items through ERAs, whether or not framework agreements are used in conjunction with ERAs (see, further, the commentary in the Introduction to this Chapter [**hyperlink**]).

The Working Group confirmed its willingness to consider introducing enabling provisions for the optional use of ERAs, provided that it had more information on the existing use of ERAs in practice, including approaches for handling the risk of abnormally low prices (A/CN.9/568, para. 54).

[...] procurement method, electronic reverse auctions may [...] [...]

[...] [...] to provisions on electronic reverse auctions, see [...] [...]

It requested the Secretariat to revise the presented drafting materials for further consideration at its ninth session and provide further information on prequalification, qualification and ranking of bidders and the use of tender securities in the context of ERAs (A/CN.9/590, paras. 10, 49, 85 and 100).

The Working Group agreed to delete draft article 51 bis (A/CN.9/623, para. 77) and to redraft draft article 51 quater to provide for general possibility of the use of ERAs in other procurement methods envisaged by the Model Law without referring to any particular procurement method (A/CN.9/623, paras. 74 and 76).

The execution of a written procurement contract under article 22 [**hyperlink**] of this Law is, however, not excluded, and specific formalities in the context of ERAs, such as the possibility of assessing qualifications or responsiveness after the auction, have been included.

[...] the conduct of the electronic reverse auction, including [...] [...]

No consensus was reached on whether the Guide should exclusively recommend the use of ERAs with price-only award criterion, and the Working Group agreed to continue considering the issue at its next session (A/CN.9/623, para. 66).

[...] [...] by means of an electronic reverse auction (article 33(4)).

Where the conditions for use for restricted tendering on the basis low-value or simple of article 28(1)(b) apply, for example, a method for low-value or simple procurement such as request for quotations or ERA may also be available and appropriate.

No common understanding in the Working Group was reached as regards whether ERAs were to be used exclusively in procurement where all criteria for determining a successful tender can be expressed in monetary terms and evaluated automatically, or also in more complex procurement (A/CN.9/615, paras. 44, 45, 51, 54 and 55).

[...] referred to above (electronic reverse auctions and [...] [...]

[...] [...] the use of electronic communications in the procurement process; (d) electronic reverse auctions (ERAs); [...] [...]

[...] [...] procurement including an electronic reverse auction, a [...] [...]

[...] used the terms “electronic reverse auctions” [...] [...]

I/WP.79/Add.15 of the potential advantages of administrative efficiency and the discussion in subparagraphs (4) (g) and (i) of that document of using centralized purchasing agencies to operate framework agreements.