| 单词 | 灭种罪 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 灭种罪 —genocideSee also:灭种—extinction of a race • become extinct • commit genocide 灭—go out (of a fire etc) • drown • exterminate or wipe out • extinguish or put out 罪 n—sin n • guilt n • sinner n • fault n • guild n
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我们不 能在这里一一列出以色列在其整个历史上的做法，如 战争罪、灭绝种族罪及族裔清洗罪。 daccess-ods.un.org | We cannot list here all Israel’s practices throughout its [...] history, such as war crimes, genocide and ethnic cleansing. daccess-ods.un.org |
为增强国际法治，各国都应全力支持国际刑事法院及其追究危害人类 罪、战争罪、灭绝种族罪和侵 略罪的工作。 daccess-ods.un.org | To strengthen international rule of law, all States should strive to support the [...] International Criminal Court and [...] its work on crimes against humanity, war crimes, the crime of genocide and the crime of aggression. daccess-ods.un.org |
举 例而言，这可包括以下领域的经验：国内严重和复杂罪行的辩护，如恐怖主义、 杀人、非预谋杀人、贩运和复杂的白领罪行等罪案；涉及国际层面的案子的辩护 经验，诸如国际司法协助、复杂的移民案、超国家的罪行；以及战 争 罪 、 灭 绝种 族罪和危害人类罪的辩护经验。 daccess-ods.un.org | For example, this may include experience in the following areas: the defence of those charged with serious and complex crimes at the domestic level, such as terrorism, homicide, manslaughter, trafficking and complex white-collar crimes; the defence of cases with international dimensions, such as those involving international judicial assistance, complex immigration issues or supranational crime; and the defence of those charged with war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity. daccess-ods.un.org |
安理会关于保护平民的第 1674(2006)号和第 [...] 1894(2009)号决议指出，如果一 个深陷冲突的社会或正从冲突中恢复的社会要正视过去的违法行为，并防止其再次 [...] 发生，则必须结束有罪不罚现象，而且各国有责任履行其义务，调查和起诉涉嫌犯 有战争罪、危害人类罪、灭绝种族罪 或 其 他严重违反国际人道主义法的人员。 daccess-ods.un.org | Security Council resolutions 1674 (2006) and 1894 (2009) on the protection of civilians state that ending impunity is essential if a society in conflict or recovering from conflict is to come to terms with past violations and prevent their recurrence, and that it is the responsibility of States to comply with their obligations to investigate [...] and prosecute persons [...] suspected of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide or other [...]serious violations of international humanitarian law. daccess-ods.un.org |
各国政府表示，已对下列罪行通过专项立法，如海 盗 罪 、 灭 绝 种 族 罪 、 危害 人类罪、酷刑、战争罪(其中包括侵害个人的战争罪行、侵犯私有财产和其他权利 的战争罪行、针对人道主义行动和人道主义标志的战争罪行、使用非法战争方法的 战争罪行和采用非法作战手段的战争罪行)、恐怖主义相关犯罪、涉及雇佣军活动 [...] 的犯罪以及麻醉药品和精神药物相关罪行。 daccess-ods.un.org | Governments indicated that specific legislation [...] had been passed in [...] relation to such crimes as piracy; genocide; crimes against humanity; torture; war crimes, including war crimes against persons, [...]war crimes against [...]private property and other rights, war crimes against humanitarian operations and emblems, war crimes concerning illegal methods of war, and war crimes concerning illegal means of war; terrorism-related offences; offences concerning mercenary activities; and crimes relating to narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. daccess-ods.un.org |
关于刑责来自国际条约的罪行(《刑法典》第 7 条)，立陶宛总检察长已采 [...] 取的建议是，要求在对外国人进行核查时，如遇怀疑一名外国人可能已实施危害 人类罪、战争罪、灭绝种族罪或《刑法典》第 7 条 (2)至(10)款所述任何其他罪 行的情况，必须临时拘留和开展紧急调查行动。 daccess-ods.un.org | In respect of crimes for which criminal responsibility is derived from international treaties (art. 7 of the Criminal Code), the Prosecutor General of Lithuania has adopted recommendations which require temporary detention and urgent investigative action in cases where, when performing alien verification, there is [...] suspicion that an alien may have [...] committed a crime against humanity, war crimes, genocide or any other [...]crime set forth in article [...]7 (2)-(10) of the Criminal Code. daccess-ods.un.org |
申明强烈反对严重违反国际人道主义法和人权法的行为不受惩罚的现 [...] 象，在这方面强调各国有责任遵守相关义务，终止有罪不罚的现象，彻底调 查并起诉应对战争罪、灭绝种族罪、 危 害人类罪或其他严重违反国际人道主 义法行为负责的人，以防止违犯行为，避免这类行为重演，寻求持久和平、 [...]正义、真相与和解。 daccess-ods.un.org | Affirms its strong opposition to impunity for serious violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law and emphasizes in this context the responsibility of States to comply with their relevant obligations to end impunity and to thoroughly [...] investigate and prosecute persons [...] responsible for war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity [...]or other serious violations of [...]international humanitarian law in order to prevent violations, avoid their recurrence and seek sustainable peace, justice, truth and reconciliation. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外入有负责西撒哈拉问题的秘书长个人特使的咨询人所需资源， 显示 2010 年计划中的磋商和谈判有所增加(76 400 美元)；以及秘书长 防止灭绝种族罪行问 题特别顾问的咨询人所需资源，因为计划在 2010 年 开展培训活动以加强该办公室在提高 对 灭 绝 种 族 罪 行 的认识方面的工作 (90 200 美元)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Resources for consultants are also included for the Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Western Sahara, reflecting the increase in consultations and negotiations planned for [...] 2010 ($76,400), and the Special Adviser [...] to the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide, as a result of the planned training activities for 2010 to intensify the efforts of the office on genocide awareness ($90,200). daccess-ods.un.org |
这个情况值得注意，因为这些来文的背 后是一些潜在的案件，其中可能涉及有人犯有战争 罪、灭绝种族罪或反人类罪。 daccess-ods.un.org | This is noteworthy, given that behind these communications are potential cases in which war crimes, crimes of genocide or crimes against humanity may have been committed. daccess-ods.un.org |
提及的文书为国际、区域或双边性质，涵盖领域包括海 盗 罪 、 灭 绝 种 族 罪、 国 际人道主义法、国际刑法、酷刑、种族隔离、恐怖主义行为、麻醉药品和精神 [...] 药物、腐败、洗钱和跨国有组织犯罪、联合国人员及有关人员的安全、强迫失踪、 不适用法定时效、公路运输中的犯罪以及引渡和刑事事项互助。 daccess-ods.un.org | The instruments referred to were of a [...] universal, regional or bilateral [...] nature, covering such areas as piracy, genocide, international [...]humanitarian law, international [...]criminal law, torture, apartheid, acts of terrorism, narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, corruption, money-laundering and transnational organized crime, the safety of United Nations and associated personnel, enforced disappearances, the non-applicability of the Statute of limitations, road transportation offences, as well as extradition and mutual assistance in criminal matters. daccess-ods.un.org |
2000 年，即 2005 年世界首脑会议认可保护 责任的五年前，非洲联盟组织法第 [...] 4(h)条就已规定，“联盟有权依照大会决定， 在发生下列严重情况时在成员国进行干预：战 争 罪 、 灭 绝 种 族 和危害人类罪”。 daccess-ods.un.org | In 2000, five years before the 2005 World Summit endorsed the responsibility to protect, the Constitutive Act of the African Union provided, in article 4 (h), for “the right of the Union to intervene in a Member State pursuant to a [...] decision of the Assembly in respect to grave circumstances, [...] namely: war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity”. daccess-ods.un.org |
非盟宪章》 确认，非盟可能需要“针对严重情势，即战 争 罪 、灭 绝种族罪和危害人类罪”，对一个成员国的事务进行 干预。 daccess-ods.un.org | The AU charter recognizes that it might be necessary to intervene in the [...] affairs of a member State “in respect of grave [...] circumstances, namely: war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity”. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，威胁、挑战和改革问题高级别小组的报告（A/59/565）以及秘书长题 [...] 为“大自由：实现人人共享的发展、安全和人权”的报告（A/59/2005）向冲突 [...] 地区和冲突后地区的千百万妇女和女孩提出了一些至关重要的倡议，包括：设立 建设和平委员会；加强对预防冲突的重视；负责保护民众免 遭 灭 绝 种 族 罪 、 战 争 罪、族裔清洗和危害人类罪；更加有效地保护人权以及加强法治。 un.org | Furthermore, the report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (A/59/565) and the report of the Secretary-General “In larger freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all” (A/59/2005) proposed a number of initiatives of vital importance to millions of women and girls in conflict and post-conflict areas, including: the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission; increased focus on conflict prevention; the [...] responsibility to protect [...] populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity; [...]more effective protection [...]of human rights; and enhanced rule of law. un.org |
安全理事会回顾所有国家均有义务确保国际人道主义法、包括日内瓦 [...] 公约四公约受到尊重，并再次强调各国有责任履行义务，杜绝有罪不罚现象， 起诉应对战争罪、灭绝种族罪、危 害人类罪或其他严重违反国际人道主义法 [...]行为负责的人。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Security Council recalls the obligations of all States to ensure respect for international humanitarian law, including the four Geneva conventions, and once again emphasises the responsibility of States to comply with their obligations to end [...] impunity and to prosecute those [...] responsible for war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity [...]or other serious violations of [...]international humanitarian law. daccess-ods.un.org |
应当注意的是，根据安全理事会第 808 号 决议第 2 段编写的联合国秘书长的报告（联合 国 S/25704 号文件，1993 年 5 月 3 日，第 35 段，第 9 页）指出，“列入国际人道主义协约 法的下述公约体现了适用于武装冲突的法律， 并完全成为国际习惯法的一部分：1949 年 8 月 12 [...] 日《保护战争受害者各项日内瓦公约》； 《陆战法规和惯例》（1907 年 10 月 18 日海牙 [...] 第四公约）和《公约附件陆战法规和惯例章 程》；1948 年 12 月 9 日《防止及惩治灭绝种 族罪公约》和《国际军事法庭宪章》 [省去脚 [...]注参考—— 教科文组织秘书处]。 unesdoc.unesco.org | It should be noted that the Report of the United Nations Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 2 of Security Council resolution 808 (United Nations document S/25704, 3 May 1993, para. 35, p. 9) stated that “[T]he part of conventional international humanitarian law which has beyond doubt become part of international customary law is the law applicable in armed conflict as embodied in: the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protection of War Victims; the Hague Convention (IV) Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and the Regulations annexed thereto of 18 October 1907; [...] the Convention on the Prevention [...] and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 9 December [...]1948; and the Charter of the International [...]Military Tribunal of 8 August 1945” [reference to footnotes omitted – the UNESCO Secretariat]. unesdoc.unesco.org |
这发出了一个明 确的信号，即战争罪、灭绝种族罪或 危 害人类罪不会 不受到惩罚，而且这还培育了一种问责文化。 daccess-ods.un.org | This sends a clear signal that war crimes, genocide or crimes against humanity [...] will not go unpunished, and fosters a culture of accountability. daccess-ods.un.org |
受的共同标准。越南认为，在评估贸易转让时必须考虑到下列方面：(a) 在国际 关系中不使用武力或威胁使用武力的原则和各国和平化解争端的原则；(b) 有关 国家根据其国际、区域和次区域义务和承诺，包括安全理事会有关决议应尽的责 任；(c) 可能利用转让武器严重破坏国际、区域和国内和平、安全和稳定，或者 实施恐怖活动或跨国有组织犯罪、灭 绝 种 族 、战争罪、反人类罪或严重违反有关 国际人权法和国际人道主义法的其他行为；(d) 禁止向未经国家机关授权或许可 的非国家行为者进行转让，以防止武器落入非法人员手中。 daccess-ods.un.org | Viet Nam believes that the assessment of arms transfers must take into consideration (a) the principle of non-use of force or threat of use of force in international relations and the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes among States; (b) the responsibilities of relevant States in accordance with their international, regional and subregional obligations and commitments, including relevant resolutions of the Security Council; (c) the potential use of transferred arms to seriously undermine international, regional and national peace, security and stability or to carry out terrorist activities or commit transnational organized crime, genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity or other acts that seriously violate relevant international human rights law and international humanitarian law; and (d) the prohibition of transfers to non-State actors that are not authorized or licensed by State authorities to prevent the diversion of arms to illicit hands. daccess-ods.un.org |
1999 年，秘书长制定了关于谈判某些方面问题的准则(2006 [...] 年重新 修订)，其中强调，联合国不能容忍对战 争 罪 、 灭 绝 种 族 罪 、 危害人类罪和严重 侵犯人权的行为实施赦免的做法。 daccess-ods.un.org | In 1999, the Secretary-General developed guidelines on certain aspects of negotiation (revised in 2006), which emphasize that the [...] United Nations cannot condone [...] amnesties for war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity [...]and gross violations of human rights. daccess-ods.un.org |
因此，条约不可制定主观判断标准，如系统性腐败、减贫、社会 发展水平或侵犯人权状况，但联合国界定的危害人 类 罪 、 灭 绝 种 族 罪 或 战 争罪等 情形除外。 daccess-ods.un.org | Therefore, it must not establish criteria based on subjective judgements, such as systemic corruption, poverty reduction, level of social development or human [...] rights violations, except in [...] cases of crimes against humanity, genocide or war crimes defined as such by the United [...]Nations. daccess-ods.un.org |
确保遵守国际人道法是加强国际法治的重要方 面，我们谴责一切侵犯人权和违反国际人道法的犯罪 行为，支持国际社会推动解决冲突地区“有罪不罚” 问题，惩治战争罪、灭绝种族罪、反人类罪等严重国 际罪行。 daccess-ods.un.org | We condemn all criminal acts that violate human rights and international humanitarian law and support the international community in pushing to resolve the issue of impunity in conflict regions and to punish serious international crimes, such as war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity. daccess-ods.un.org |
国际刑事法对违反这种价值和规范的许多行为作了规定，并为一些违法行为 定罪，包括战争罪、灭绝种族罪、危 害人类罪和酷刑等意义范畴内的违法行为。 daccess-ods.un.org | Many of the violations of these values and norms have been addressed in international criminal law, which has criminalized a number of violations, including those contained within the meaning of war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity and torture. daccess-ods.un.org |
关于 Anatole [...] Nsengiyumva 案，上诉分庭确认对他的判决，认定他犯有杀戮 、 灭 绝 种 族 罪 、危 害人类罪(灭绝罪 和迫害)，严重违反《日内瓦四公约》及其《第二附加议定书》 [...]共同第 3 条(针对生命的暴力行为)。 daccess-ods.un.org | In respect of Anatole Nsengiyumva, the Appeals [...] Chamber affirmed his [...] convictions for genocide, crimes against humanity (extermination and persecution), [...]and serious violations [...]of article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions and of Additional Protocol II (violence to life) in relation to certain killings. daccess-ods.un.org |
每个人都有权抵制本《宣言》界定的：战 争 罪 、 灭 绝 种 族 罪 、 侵 略 罪、 种族隔 离和危害人类罪、侵犯普世公认的他人人权、任何鼓吹战争或煽动侵犯和 平人权的行为。 daccess-ods.un.org | All individuals have the right to [...] oppose war crimes, genocide, aggression, apartheid and crimes against humanity, [...]violations of other [...]universally recognized human rights, any propaganda in favour of war or incitement to violence and violations of the human right to peace, as defined in the present declaration.35 daccess-ods.un.org |
我的防止灭绝种族问题特别顾问与保护责任问 题特别顾问已提醒利比亚政府和其他面临民众大规 [...] 模抗议的国家政府注意：各国国家元首和政府首脑在 2005 年世界首脑会议上曾承诺为保护人民必须防止 灭绝种族罪、战争罪、种族清洗和危害人类罪以及煽 动这些罪行的行为。 daccess-ods.un.org | My Special Advisers on the Prevention of Genocide and the Responsibility to Protect have reminded the national authorities in Libya, as well as in other countries facing large-scale popular protests, that the heads of State and Government at the 2005 World Summit pledged [...] to protect populations [...] by preventing genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity, [...]as well as their incitement. daccess-ods.un.org |
该研究所主办了一系列讲习班，主题是非洲打击国际 犯 罪 （ 灭 绝 种族 罪、危 害人类罪和战争罪）的对策和国际刑事法院在促进对这些罪行问责 方面的作用 daccess-ods.un.org | (v) The Institute hosted a number of regional and national workshops on African responses to international crimes (genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes) and the role of the International Criminal Court in promoting accountability for such crimes daccess-ods.un.org |
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