caliph
/ˈkælɪf/noun
- historical the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad. The caliph ruled in Baghdad until 1258 and then in Egypt until the Ottoman conquest of 1517; the title was then held by the Ottoman sultans until it was abolished in 1924 by Atatürk.〈史〉哈里发（穆斯林政教合一的首领, 被认为是穆罕默德的继承人, 在巴格达一直统治到1258年, 尔后在埃及统治直至1517年被奥斯曼征服; 该称号随后为奥斯曼苏丹所用, 直至1924年被阿塔蒂尔克［“土耳其之父”］废除）。
派生词
caliphate
noun词源
late Middle English: from Old French caliphe, from Arabic ḵalīfa meaning 'deputy (of God)' （from the title ḵalīfat Allāh）, or meaning 'successor (of Muhammad)' （from the title ḵalīfat rasūl Allāh 'of the Messenger of God'）, from ḵalamfa 'succeed'.