bacterium
/bækˈtɪərɪəm/noun
(pl. bacteria /bækˈtɪərɪə/)
- a member of a large group of unicellular micro-organisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some which can cause disease细菌。
Bacteria are widely distributed in soil, water, and air, and on or in the tissues of plants and animals. Formerly included in the plant kingdom, they are now classified separately (as prokaryotes). They play a vital role in global ecology, as the chemical changes they bring about include those of organic decay and nitrogen fixation. Much modern biochemical knowledge has been gained from the study of bacteria, as they grow easily and reproduce rapidly in laboratory cultures.
USAGE
Bacteria is the plural form (derived from Latin) of bacterium. Like any other plural it should be used with the plural form of the verb: the bacteria causing salmonella are killed by thorough cooking, not the bacteria causing salmonella is killed by thorough cooking. However， the unfamiliarity of the form means that bacteria is sometimes mistakenly treated as a singular form， as in the example above.
派生词
bacterial
adjective词源
mid 19th cent.: modern Latin， from Greek baktērion, diminutive of baktēria 'staff， cane' （because the first ones to be discovered were rod-shaped）. Compare with BACILLUS.