Meanwhile, public sector cutbacks are beginning to take their toll with vacancy Numbers contracting sharply across public administration and education, the ONS statistics found.

Scaling this model up to a large administration team, lots of queue managers, or large Numbers of queues and channels, exacts an increasingly large toll on each queue manager.

But the federal Highway Administration rejected this proposal in April, citing a federal rule that toll revenue generated on interstates may be used only to improve or maintain the road with the toll.