| 单词 | 制度 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 制度 noun —system n (often used)regime nless common: institution n • regimes pl 制度 —system (e.g. political, adminstrative etc)Examples:保甲制度—the Bao-Jia system (an administrative system organized on basis of households) 封建制度—feudalism 制度化 v—institutionalize v
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阿富汗还强调，该国的法律制度重视 两性平等以及所有儿童获 得平等的教育机会。 daccess-ods.un.org | As well, Afghanistan stressed the importance of gender equality, as well as equal access to education for all children, embodied in its legal system. daccess-ods.un.org |
若此类收费高于边境口岸 的一次性固定收费，那么此种担保 制度 就 失 去了优势。 daccess-ods.un.org | If such charges are higher than the one-time charge of a fixed amount at border crossings, the guarantee system loses its advantages. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些包括非毛利人与毛利人之间的差异， 《威坦哲条约》在国内立法中的地位，家庭暴力，机会平等，毛利人在刑事司法 制度中比例过高，以及批准新西兰尚未成为缔约国的人权条约问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | These included the social disparities between non-Maori and Maori; the status of the Treaty of Waitangi in domestic legislation; family violence; equality of opportunity; overrepresentation of Maori in the criminal justice system; and ratification of human rights treaties to which New Zealand was not party. daccess-ods.un.org |
咨询委员会获悉，上述根据第 65/259 号决议提出的内部司法报告预计将分 为两份单独的报告，分别涵盖正式 制度 ( 内 部 司法办公室和其他办公室)和非正式 制度，后者将在关于联合国监察员和调解事务活动的年度报告中述及。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Advisory Committee was informed that it is envisaged that the abovementioned reporting on administration of justice, pursuant to resolution 65/259, will be addressed in two [...] separate reports, covering [...] the formal system (Office of the Administration of Justice and other offices) and the informal system, which will be addressed in the context of the annual report on the [...]activities of the United [...]Nations Ombudsman and Mediation Services. daccess-ods.un.org |
地拉那研讨会的目的在于就以上问 题开展后续工作，研讨会指出，虽然这两个问题同属于地雷行动这一大的范畴， [...] 但排雷和受害者援助分别具有不同的时间表，涉及不同的国家和国际行为者，不 同的国内制度、规范框架及预算项目。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was noted that while both matters belong to the larger family of mine action, mine clearance and victim assistance have different timelines, involve distinct [...] national and international actors and relate to [...] different national institutional and regulatory [...]frameworks and budget lines. daccess-ods.un.org |
審核委員會亦已接獲獨立核數師之報告，並與獨立核數師進行會議，討論其審核工作之一般範圍 [...] （包括會計政策採納轉變所帶來之影響）及其對集團內部監 控 制度 之 評 估。 asiasat.com | The AC also received reports and met with the IAs to discuss the general scope of their audit [...] work (including the impact of changes in accounting policies as applied), and their [...] assessment of Group internal controls. asiasat.com |
为了能够面对当前和今后的挑战，有必要增加物质、人力 和 制度 基 础设施， 提高农业生产力并扩大商品和国家的出口能力，将气候变化和土地退化问题纳入 [...] 国家预算的主流，调动非传统捐助方特别是民间社会组织和私营部门参与减贫战 略，促进区域一体化、特别是牵涉到建立价格缓和机制时的区域一体化，以及加 [...]强国家回应社会需求的能力。 daccess-ods.un.org | To be able to face current and future [...] challenges, it is necessary to increase the [...] physical, human and institutional infrastructure; [...]increase agricultural productivity and [...]expand the export capacity of communities and countries; mainstream climate change and land degradation issues into national budgets; involve non-traditional donors, in particular civil society organizations and the private sector, in poverty reduction strategies; promote regional integration, especially as far as the creation of the price mitigation mechanism is concerned; and strengthen the capacity of the State to respond to social demands. daccess-ods.un.org |
小组委员会认为，在 2011-2012 两年期应继续开展下列领域的工作：不敏感 爆炸物和氧化性固体的分类；与灰尘爆炸危害有关的问题；腐蚀性标准(审议点 蚀问题以及 C.1 检验对固体的适用性)；进一步调整《全球统 一 制度 》 的标准以 使其与《示范条例》的标准相一致；对涉及皮肤腐蚀/刺激的章节进行文字修订； 水引发毒性的评估；执行问题；进一步改进《全球统 一 制度 》 附件 1、2 和 3；编 制小包装标签的进一步指导。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Subcommittee considered that the work in the following areas should be continued in the biennium 2011-2012: classification of desensitized explosives and oxidizing solids; issues related to dust explosion hazards; corrosivity criteria (consideration of pitting corrosion and suitability of tests C.1 for solids); further alignment of the criteria in the Globally Harmonized System with that of the Model Regulations; editorial [...] revision of the chapters addressing skin [...] corrosion/irritation; assessment of water-activated toxicity; implementation issues; further improvement of annexes 1, 2 and 3 of the Globally Harmonized System; and development of additional guidance for the labelling of small packagings. daccess-ods.un.org |
在访问期间，工作组发现，非洲人后裔在葡萄牙面临的挑战主要涉及他们 作为一个特定群体在葡萄牙国家政策和立法框架中得不到承认；其在历史上对 该国的建设和发展作出积极贡献得不到承认；没有按种族或族裔分列的定性和 定量的分类数据；贫困、获得教育、公共服务和就业机会不平等，以及在行政 和司法制度运作方面的歧视，形成恶性循环；存在种族貌相和警察暴力；在政 治和体制决策进程中代表不足，以及葡萄牙缺少针对非洲人后裔或其他少数群 体的具体措施或扶持行动政策。 daccess-ods.un.org | During their visit, the Working Group found that the challenges faced by people of African descent in Portugal related mainly to their lack of recognition as a specific group in the national policy and legal framework; the lack of recognition of their positive contribution throughout history to the construction and development of the country; the lack of qualitative and quantitative disaggregated data by racial or ethnic origin; the existence of a circle of poverty, unequal access to education, public services, employment, as well as discrimination in the administration and functioning of the justice system; existence of racial profiling and police violence; underrepresentation in political and institutional decision-making processes, as well as the lack of special measures or affirmative action policies in Portugal for people of African descent or other minorities. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，专家们强调了小岛屿发展中国家面临的 特殊挑战以及需要确保森林覆盖率高且毁林率较低的国家从降低毁林和森林退 化产生的排放制度中得益。 daccess-ods.un.org | Furthermore, experts highlighted the particular challenges facing small island developing States and the need to ensure that countries with high forest [...] cover with low rates of deforestation [...] benefited from schemes to reduce emissions from deforestation [...]and forest degradation. daccess-ods.un.org |
大会还决定，人权理事会应：(a) 应负责 促进普遍尊重对人人没有任何形式的区分，公正、平等地享有所有人权和基本自 由的保护；(b) 充当关于所有人权问题的专题对话的论坛；(c) 承担、审查并在 必要时改进及合理调整人权委员会的所有任务、机制、职能和职责，以便保持一 个包含特别程序、专家咨询和申诉程序 的 制度 ； (d) 在举行理事会首届会议后一 年内完成此项审查。 daccess-ods.un.org | It decided also that the Council should: (a) be responsible for promoting universal respect for the protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, without distinction of any kind and in a fair and equal manner; (b) serve as a forum for dialogue on thematic issues on all human rights; (c) assume, review and, where necessary, improve and rationalize all mandates, mechanisms, functions and responsibilities of the Commission on Human Rights in order to maintain a system of special procedures, expert advice and a complaint procedure; and (d) complete the review within one year after the holding of the Council’s first session. daccess-ods.un.org |
一些具体意见如下：食品安全是通用概念，因此，正如第 4.2 条里所规定的，在是 [...] 否允许出口国出口不符合国家立法食品方面应该一视同仁；让缺少监控系统的国家执行 [...] 法典的问题应予以阐明；当前的文本可能与所制定的食典原则及所利用的国家规 章 制度 相抵触；在商业交易和食品援助与捐赠方面，同等待遇的道德守则应更加明确；文本里 [...] 的一些规定可能与世界贸易组织的规定相反。 codexalimentarius.org | A number of specific comments were made as follows: the concept of food safety is universal, thus there should be no exception, as presently in Article 4.2, allowing exporting countries to export food, which does not comply with its national legislation; the issue of implementation of the Code, especially by countries lacking a control system, should be clarified; the present text may contradict some of the principles of [...] Codex insofar as they establish and [...] draw upon national regulatory frameworks; the ethics [...]of equal treatment in terms of commercial [...]transactions and food aid and donations should be made clearer; and some of the provisions in the text may be contrary to WTO provisions. codexalimentarius.org |
主席先生，我今天将谈论贵国代表团为本次辩论 会编写的概念文件(S/2010/322，附件)中提议的三大 [...] 专题，即在冲突中和冲突后局势中促进法治，国际司 法与和平解决争端，以及制裁制度的 效 力和可信度。 daccess-ods.un.org | Today, I will address the three main topics suggested in the concept paper prepared by your delegation, Sir, for this debate (S/2010/322, annex), namely, the promotion of the rule of law in conflict and post-conflict situations, [...] international justice and the peaceful settlement of disputes, and the [...] efficiency and credibility of sanctions regimes. daccess-ods.un.org |
立法变得更灵活了：基础学校中有更严重残疾的学生的学年，已经延长到 三年；判分制度也更 加灵活，以确保智障学生获得基础教育和在中学水平上深造 [...] 的机会。 daccess-ods.un.org | Legislation has been made more flexible: the school year of pupils with more [...] serious disabilities in basic school has been [...] extended by up to three years; marking [...]system has been made more flexible in [...]order to ensure opportunities for acquiring basic education and for further study on secondary school level for pupils with mental disability. daccess-ods.un.org |
大会在该项决议中，认可方案委员会的结论和建议，即请秘书长充分执行大 会题为“在联合国秘书处实行问责 制度 ” 的 第 64/259 号决议，并在今后的计划 大纲和战略框架的两年期方案计划中，说明为在联合国秘书处促进问责文化而采 取的具体措施和行动。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the same resolution, the General Assembly endorsed the conclusions and recommendations of the Committee requesting the Secretary-General to fully implement Assembly resolution 64/259, entitled “Towards an accountability system in the United Nations Secretariat” and to present concrete measures and actions taken to promote the culture of accountability within the Secretariat in future plan outlines, as well as in the biennial programme plans of the strategic framework. daccess-ods.un.org |
问责制包括按照所有决议、条例、细则和道德标准，及时、具有成本效 [...] 益地实现各项目标和高质量的成果，全面执行和交付联合国政府间机构及其 所设立的其他下属机关授权秘书处的所有任务；诚实、客观、准确并及时地 [...] 报告工作结果；负责任地管理资金和资源；工作情况的所有方面，包括一个 明确的奖惩制度；对 监督机构的重要作用予以应有的承认并全面遵守已接受 的建议。 daccess-ods.un.org | Accountability includes achieving objectives and high-quality results in a timely and cost-effective manner, in fully implementing and delivering on all mandates to the Secretariat approved by the United Nations intergovernmental bodies and other subsidiary organs established by them in compliance with all resolutions, regulations, rules and ethical standards; truthful, objective, accurate and timely reporting on performance results; responsible stewardship of funds and resources; all aspects of performance, [...] including a clearly defined [...] system of rewards and sanctions; and with due recognition to the important [...]role of the oversight [...]bodies and in full compliance with accepted recommendations. daccess-ods.un.org |
例如对其比较理想的专利制度可能 是：允许在授予专利前提 出反对，并允许在专利有效期内的任何时间因对该专利适当性的任何质疑而通过一种行政 程序对该专利提出挑战。 iprcommission.org | For example, a system that allows an opposition to be made before grant, and the patent to be challenged at any point during the patent term through an administrative type procedure on the basis of any question relating to patentability, might be desirable. iprcommission.org |
与此同时， 在未采用这种可追溯性系统的南北基伍和马涅马，矿物生产和官方出口有所下降， 因为，要获得“不涉及冲突”冶炼厂地位的精炼厂和冶炼厂称，它们自 2011 年 4 [...] 月1日起，将只从警示地区购买有锡矿供应链倡 议 制度 标 记 的材料(见S/2011/738， 第 [...]339 段)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Meanwhile, in the Kivus and Maniema, where no such traceability systems were introduced, mineral production and official exports have fallen since refineries and smelters seeking conflict-free smelter status [...] stated that from 1 April 2011 onwards they [...] would buy material from red-flag locations [...]only if tagged under the ITRI Tin Supply [...]Chain Initiative scheme (see S/2011/738, para. 339). daccess-ods.un.org |
该制度与社会达成的协议恰恰是 它导致的额外革新（例如：要不是专 利 制度 的 话 ，救命药可能就不存在了）所产生的额外 社会收益要超过了产品的额外成本。 iprcommission.org | The bargain [...] with society is precisely that the benefits to society generated by the extra innovation induced (for example, a [...]lifesaving drug [...]which might not exist but for the patent system) should exceed the extra cost of the product. iprcommission.org |
審 核 及 薪 酬 委 員 會 之主要 職 責 包 括 檢 討 本 集 團 財 務 申 報 程 序 及 內 部 監 控 制 度 及 風 險 管 理 、 委 任 核 數 師 以 及 釐 訂 各 執 行 董 事之服 務 合 約 、 檢 討 各 董 事 及 高 級 管 理 人 員 之 薪 酬 及 授 出 本 公 司 的 酌 情 花 紅 及 購 股 權 。 cigyangtzeports.com | The primary duties of the Audit and Remuneration Committee include reviewing the financial reporting process, the system of internal control and risk management of the Group, the appointment of auditors and the determination of executive Director’s service contract, the review of Directors’ and senior management’s emoluments and the award of discretionary bonuses and share options of the Company. cigyangtzeports.com |
(b) 为移民收容中心制定规章制度，以 便统一经营管理这些中心的方式， 从而确保被关押在这类中心的人能够有适当的居住条件，能够获得信息、法律援 助和医疗保健，并确保提供支持的非政府组织能够进入这类中心。 daccess-ods.un.org | (b) Draw up regulations for the migrant holding centres, in order to harmonize the way in which they operate and thus ensure that persons detained in such centres have access to adequate living conditions, information, legal aid and medical care, and also that non-governmental organizations offering support have access to such centres. daccess-ods.un.org |
(b) 确定国家参考排放水平和(或) 国家参考水平，并根据缔约方会议制定的 程序和指南，进行定期更新并提交缔约方会议审查和核实； (c) 在根据以上第1 款采取的行动范围内，建立稳健透明的国家排放和清 除监测与报告制度。 daccess-ods.un.org | (b) national reference emission levels and or national reference levels which shall be regularly updated and submitted for review and verification by the Conference of the Parties in accordance with procedures and guidelines developed by the Conference of the Parties; and (c) robust and transparent national monitoring and reporting systems for emissions and removals within the context of action taken with respect to paragraph 1 above. daccess-ods.un.org |
(c) 强调各成员国和阿拉伯卫生部长理事会继续努力改善保健标准的重要 [...] 性，办法是发展和提高医疗单位档次，实行家庭保 健 制度 ， 特 别是在农村、边缘 化和贫穷地区，改善提供给妇女、儿童和老龄人的保健服务，并集中力量建设卫 [...]生队的技术能力。 daccess-ods.un.org | (c) To underline the importance of continued efforts by member States and the Council of Arab Ministers of Health to improve health care standards by developing and [...] upgrading health care units and applying [...] a family health regime, particularly in [...]rural, marginalized and deprived areas, [...]improving the health services provided to women, children and ageing persons, and focusing on building the technical capacities of health teams. daccess-ods.un.org |
公约》审查期间进行的讨论要点如下： 将纳入新条款的文书形式；对受一般保护和特 [...] 别保护的文化财产而言“军事需要”概念的定 义；改进特别保护制度；对严重违法行为和破 坏文化财产行为的制裁以及其他相关问题，如 [...]个人的刑事责任、国家责任和刑事事项中的互 助；改进非国际性冲突中对文化财产的保护； [...] 以及建立监测《公约》及新协定执行情况的监 督机构。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The main points of discussion during the review of the Convention were the following: the form of the instrument which would incorporate the new provisions; the definition of the notion of “military necessity” with regard to cultural property under general as well as [...] special protection; [...] improvements in the regime of special protection; sanctions for grave [...]breaches and other violations [...]against cultural property and other related issues such as individual criminal responsibility, responsibility of States and mutual assistance in criminal matters; improvement in the protection of cultural property in conflicts not of an international character; and establishment of a supervisory body which would monitor the implementation of the Convention and the new agreement. unesdoc.unesco.org |
在保护难民领域的国际行动应优先考虑以下四 个方面：消除世界冲突的原因，尤其是通过增强国 家的发展能力；促进遵守国际难民法，它与国际人 [...] 权法和国际人道主义法互为补充，并避免把保护难 [...] 民固定为安全问题或移民问题；加强国际团结和合 作，并帮助摆脱冲突的国家建立必需 的 制度 措 施 照 顾他们的公民；并通过资助国家层面的项目，同时 [...] 加强国际层面的努力，特别是发挥建设和平委员会 的作用，以促进难民的自愿遣返。 daccess-ods.un.org | International action in the field of refugee protection should focus on the following four areas: eliminating the causes of conflicts in the world, including by improving States’ capacities for development; promoting respect for international refugee law, in complementarity with international humanitarian and human rights law, and ensuring that refugees’ human rights were not negatively affected by security or migration concerns; promoting international solidarity and partnerships and [...] assisting States emerging from conflict to [...] build their institutional capacities in [...]order to take care of their citizens; and [...]encouraging refugees’ voluntary repatriation to their home countries by financing national programmes, while strengthening international efforts, particularly the role of the Peacebuilding Commission. daccess-ods.un.org |
一些代表团表示，为了形成协同效应，使整个委员会受益，需要在法律小 组委员会与科学和技术小组委员会的外层空间活动长期可持续性问题工作组及 [...] 其各专家组（特别是针对空间领域行动者的管 理 制度 和 指 导问题专家组（D 专 家组））之间建立组织结构性更强的关系。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some delegations expressed the view that a more structured relationship between the Legal Subcommittee and the Working Group on the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and its [...] expert groups, in particular the expert [...] group on regulatory regimes and guidance for [...]actors in the space arena (expert group [...]D), was needed so as to build synergies for the benefit of the Committee as a whole. daccess-ods.un.org |
但是，似乎可以清楚地看出，由于这些技巧产生的 效力几乎与保留所产生的效力相同，应该在专门载列保留定义的《实践指南》的 [...] 那一章中予以提及，至少能够更加明确地鉴别这个概念的关键内容，把它们同保 留区别开来，并且在可适用的情况下，针对保留的法 律 制度 得 出 适当的结论。 daccess-ods.un.org | As they produce effects almost identical to those produced by reservations, these techniques nevertheless deserve to be mentioned in the part of the Guide to Practice devoted to the definition of reservations, if only so as to identify more clearly the key elements of the concept, distinguish [...] them from reservations and, where applicable, draw appropriate conclusions with [...] regard to the legal regime of reservations. daccess-ods.un.org |
委员会重申它建议 (CAT/C/FRA/CO/3,第20段) [...] 缔约国为遵守《公约》第12条， 需要废除酌情起诉制度，这 样主管当局只要有合理的理由相信在其管辖境内的任 [...] 何地方发生了酷刑行为，就有义务主动开展系统的公正调查，以便有效确保此类 罪行的犯罪者不能免于处罚。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee reiterates its previous recommendation (CAT/C/FRA/CO/3, para. 20) whereby compliance with the [...] provisions of article 12 of the Convention [...] requires a derogation from the system of [...]discretionary prosecution, so as to oblige [...]the competent authorities to launch impartial inquiries systematically and on their own initiative wherever there are reasonable grounds for believing that an act of torture has been committed in any territory under its jurisdiction, in order to effectively ensure that the perpetrators of such crimes do not remain unpunished. daccess-ods.un.org |
英汉双解词典包含2273206条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。