1
- with obj. reduce (something, especially food) to small shreds by rubbing it on a grater（用菜擦子）把（食物等）擦成丝（或碎片）：
peel and roughly grate the carrots
将胡萝卜去皮后擦成丝
as adj. grated grated cheese.碎末状奶酪。
2
- no obj. make an unpleasant rasping sound发出刺耳的摩擦声：
the hinges of the door grated.
门铰链发出刺耳的吱嘎声。
2.1
grate against
rub against something with such a sound发刺耳声地摩擦：his helmet grated against the top of the door.
他的头盔擦到门的顶端, 发出刺耳的声音。
2.2
- have an irritating effect使烦躁; 使难受：
he had a juvenile streak which grated on her nerves.
他有点儿幼稚, 这让她觉得烦。
词源
late Middle English: from Old French grater, of Germanic origin; related to German kratzen 'to scratch'.