mass noun
1
- bold, impudent behaviour无耻大胆的举止, 厚颜无耻：
the bank had the gall to demand a fee.
银行竟有脸收费。
2
- the contents of the gall bladder; bile (proverbial for its bitterness)胆汁（以苦涩闻名）。
2.1
- count noun an animal's gall bladder（动物的）胆囊。
2.2
- used to refer to something bitter or cruel痛苦（或残忍）之事：
accept life's gall without blaming somebody else.
无怨地忍受生活的痛苦。
词源
Old English gealla (denoting bile), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch gal, German Galle 'gall', from an Indo-European root shared by Greek kholē. and Latin fel 'bile'.
1
- mass noun annoyance; irritation恼怒; 愤怒：
he imagined Linda's gall as she found herself still married and not rich.
他想象着当琳达发现自己婚也没离成, 又没有钱时的气恼。
2
- a sore on the skin made by chafing（皮肤）擦伤处。
with obj.
1
- make (someone) feel annoyed使（某人）恼怒, 烦恼：
the duke knew he was losing, and it galled him.
公爵知道自己要输了, 这令他大为恼火。
2
- make sore by rubbing擦痛, 磨痛：
the straps that galled their shoulders.
那些磨痛了他们肩膀的带子。
词源
Old English gealle 'sore on a horse', perhaps related to GALL1; superseded in Middle English by forms from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch.