deprivation
/ˌdeprɪˈveɪʃən/noun
mass noun
1- the damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society严重匮乏, 赤贫：
low wages mean that 3.75 million people suffer serious deprivation.
低工资意味着有375万人赤贫。
1.1
- the lack or denial of something considered to be a necessity（必需之物的）缺乏; 剥夺：
sleep deprivation.
睡眠缺乏。
1.2
- archaic the action of depriving someone of office, especially an ecclesiastical office〈古〉教会职务革除, 神职革除。
词源
late Middle English （in the sense 'removal from office'）： from medieval Latin deprivatio（n-）, from the verb deprivare （see DEPRIVE）.