Crookes
/krʊks/- Crookes, Sir William (1832-1919), English physicist and chemist. In 1861 he discovered the element thallium. This led him indirectly to the invention of the radiometer in 1875. He later developed a vacuum tube (the precursor of the X-ray tube) and in 1903 invented the spinthariscope.克鲁克斯, 威廉爵士（1832-1919, 英国物理学家、化学家; 1861年发现了元素铊, 这间接使得他在1875年发明了辐射计; 他后来发明了一种真空管, 即X射线管的前身, 并于1903年发明了闪烁镜）。