1
- a sudden powerful forward or upward movement, especially by a crowd or by a natural force such as the waves or tide汹涌; 奔腾（尤指人潮, 波涛, 潮汐等）：
flooding caused by tidal surges.
由汹涌潮汐引起的洪水泛滥。
1.1
- a sudden large increase, typically a temporary one急剧上升; 激增（尤指短暂现象）：
the firm predicted a 20% surge in sales.
公司预计销售量将激增20%。
1.2
- a major deployment of military forces to reinforce those already in a particular area增兵, 增援。
1.3
- a powerful rush of an emotion or feeling（感情）汹涌; 翻腾：
Sophie felt a surge of anger.
索菲感到一股怒火从胸中升起。
1.4
- a sudden marked increase in voltage or current in an electric circuit（电路中电压或电流的）浪涌, 猛增。
no obj., usu. with adverbial
1
- (of a crowd or a natural force) move suddenly and powerfully forward or upward（人群, 自然力）汹涌; 奔腾：
the journalists surged forward.
记者们蜂拥向前。
1.1
- increase suddenly and powerfully急剧上升; 激增：
shares surged to a record high.
股票飙升到历史最高点。
1.2
- (of an emotion or feeling) affect someone powerfully and suddenly（感情, 情绪在心中）澎湃：
indignation surged up within her.
她怒火中烧。
1.3
- (of an electric voltage or current) increase suddenly（电压, 电流）猛增, 浪涌。
2
- Nautical (of a rope, chain, or windlass) slip back with a jerk【航海】（绳子, 缆索, 绞盘）突然松开, 突然滑脱。
词源
late 15th cent. （in the sense 'fountain, stream'）： the noun (in early use) from Old French sourgeon; the verb partly from the Old French stem sourge-, based on Latin surgere 'to rise'. Early senses of the verb included 'rise and fall on the waves' and 'swell with great force'.