rudiment
/ˈruːdɪmənt/noun
1
the rudiments of
the first principles of a subject基础; 基本原理; 入门：she taught the girls the rudiments of reading and writing.
她教女孩阅读和写作入门。
1.1
- an elementary or primitive form of something雏形; 萌芽：
the rudiments of a hot-water system.
热水系统的雏形。
2
- Biology an undeveloped or immature part or organ, especially a structure in an embryo or larva which will develop into an organ, limb, etc.【生】未成熟的器官; 退化器官; 残遗器官：
the fetal lung rudiment.
未成熟的胎肺。
3
- Music a basic pattern used by drummers, such as the roll, the flam, and the paradiddle【乐】（击鼓者使用的）基本打击法（例如滚奏, 接连两下的鼓声和爵士乐的小鼓声咚哒咚咚）。
词源
mid 16th cent.: from French, or from Latin rudimentum, from rudis 'unwrought', on the pattern of elementum 'element'.