premium
/ˈpriːmɪəm/noun
(pl. premiums)
1
- an amount to be paid for a contract of insurance保险费。
2
- a sum added to an ordinary price or charge（正常价格或费用以外的）加付款; 加价：
customers are reluctant to pay a premium for organic fruit.
顾客不愿意为有机水果多花钱。
2.1
- a sum added to interest or wages; a bonus额外补贴, 津贴; 奖金。
2.2
- as modifier relating to or denoting a commodity or product of superior quality and therefore a higher price高级的; 优质的：
premium lagers.
优质贮藏啤酒。
2.3
- Stock Exchange the amount by which the price of a share or other security exceeds its issue price, its nominal value, or the value of the assets it represents【股票】（高出发行价格、面值或财产实际价值的）溢价：
the shares jumped to a 70 per cent premium on the first day.
股票第一天上市就溢价70％。
3
- something given as a reward, prize, or incentive奖品, 奖金：
the Society of Arts awarded him a premium.
艺术学会发给他一笔奖金。
短语
at a premium
1
- scarce and in demand稀罕的, 奇缺的; 急需的：
space was at a premium.
空间紧缺。
2
- above the usual or nominal price超过一般（或面值）价格, 以高价：
touts sell the tickets at a premium.
票贩子高价卖票。
put （或place） a premium on
- regard or treat as particularly valuable or important高度评价; 高度重视：
he put a premium on peace and stability.
他高度重视和平与稳定。
词源
early 17th cent. （in the sense 'reward， prize'）： from Latin praemium 'booty， reward'， from prae 'before'+emere 'buy， take'.