perturbation
/ˌpɜːtəˈbeɪʃən/noun
1
- mass noun anxiety; mental uneasiness不安, 烦恼：
she sensed her friend's perturbation.
她感觉到她的朋友心绪不宁。
1.1
- count noun a cause of such anxiety or uneasiness不安（或烦恼）的缘由：
Frank's atheism was more than a perturbation to Michael.
弗兰克的无神论使得迈克尔非常不安。
2
- a deviation of a system, moving object, or process from its regular or normal state of path, caused by an outside influence搅乱, 紊乱, 扰乱：
some minor perturbation in his house's cash flow.
他家中资金流动的某种小混乱。
2.1
- Physics a slight alteration of a physical system, for example of the electrons in an atom, caused by a secondary influence【物理】微扰。
2.2
- Astronomy a minor deviation in the course of a celestial body, caused by the attraction of a neighbouring body【天文】摄动。
词源
late Middle English: from Latin perturbatio（n-）, from the verb perturbare 'disturb greatly' （see PERTURB）.