perestroika
/ˌperəsˈtrɔɪkə/noun
mass noun
- (in the former Soviet Union) the policy or practice of restructuring or reforming the economic and political system. First proposed by Leonid Brezhnev in 1979 and actively promoted by Mikhail Gorbachev, perestroika originally referred to increased automation and labour efficiency, but came to entail greater awareness of economic markets and the ending of central planning.（前苏联）改革, 重组（调整或改革经济和政治制度的政策或实践, 由列昂尼德·勃列日涅夫在1979年首先提出, 并由米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫的积极推行, 改革最初指提高自动化程度和劳动效率, 但是后来却导致了经济市场意识的增强和中央计划经济的结束）。参见GLASNOST.
词源
Russian, literally 'restructuring'.