Mongolia
/mɒŋˈgəʊlɪə/- a large and sparsely populated country of east Asia, bordered by Siberian Russia and China; pop.3,041,100 (est. 2009); official language, Mongolian; capital, Ulan Bator.蒙古（亚洲东部国家, 面积辽阔, 人口稀少, 与俄国西伯利亚和中国接壤, 2009年估计人口3,041,100; 官方语言蒙古语, 首都乌兰巴托）。
The Gobi Desert occupies much of the southern half of the country. The centre of the medieval Mongol empire, Mongolia subsequently became a Chinese province, achieving de facto independence in 1911. In 1924 it became a communist state after the Soviet model; a new constitution was introduced in 1992. It was formerly known as Outer Mongolia to distinguish it from Inner Mongolia, which remains a province of China.