According to this theory, voluntary attention — the attention needed for things that aren't inherently fascinating, but must be focused on nonetheless — is finite.

根据这一理论，对于那些本来就不引人入胜，但必须关注的事物所需要的随意注意来说，这种注意力是有限的。

The first is top-down, or voluntary attention, which is based on “task demands” like needing to read a page in a textbook or solve a math problem.

第一种是自上向下的注意力，即有意注意，它基于“任务需求”，比如需要阅读课本中的一页或解决一个数学问题。