Still, the question of how mitochondria, specifically in hepatocytes, become damaged remains mostly a mystery.

至于肝脏里的线粒体是如何受损的，仍是一个谜。

When the hepatocytes are injured though, they secrete paracrine factors that " activates" and changes the stellate cells.

然而，当肝细胞受损时，肝细胞分泌的“旁分泌因子”，可以激活并改变星形细胞。

Like an eco-friendly treatment plant, the liver uses cells called hepatocytes to convert toxic waste products into this bitter greenish liquid.

就像一个环保的处理厂，肝脏用一种名叫肝细胞的细胞，来将有毒的废弃产品转化成这种绿色，苦涩的液体。

Supplementing the deficient protein in the blood doesn't fix the liver problems, since they're caused by defective alpha-1 antitrypsin building up in the hepatocytes.

由于肝病变是缺陷α-1抗胰蛋白酶在肝细胞中累积造成的，仅补充血液中缺乏的蛋白质不能解决肝脏问题。

Misfolded alpha-1 antitrypsin can aggregate and get stuck in the endoplasmic reticulum of the liver hepatocytes where it's made, causing some of those cells to die.

错误折叠的α-1抗胰蛋白酶可聚集并阻塞于肝细胞内质网中，即α-1抗胰蛋白酶产生的地方，导致其中一部分肝细胞死亡。

Frequently affected organs include the liver, where the bacterial toxins damage liver sinusoids and hepatocytes, causing bilirubin to spill into the bloodstream - which clinically translates as jaundice.

肝脏是常见的受累器官，细菌释放的毒素破坏肝窦及肝细胞，导致胆红素释放入血液循环，在临床上表现为黄疸。

Ultimately the answer to this question is still unknown, what is known is that in patients with Reye's syndrome the mitochondria inside their liver cells, or hepatocytes, become damaged.

确切原因我们并不知晓，但我们知道瑞氏综合征患者的肝脏细胞（也就是肝细胞）内存在线粒体损伤。

Whatever the case, as the hepatocytes die and the liver becomes dysfunctional, blood doesn't get filtered, and so it doesn't get the nitrogen-containing toxins filtered by the liver like it normally would.

不论原因如何，随着肝细胞坏死，肝功失常，血液无法正常过滤，因而肝脏无法正常过滤含氮毒素。

Here's a pretty basic layout of the basic functional unit of the liver, you've got the portal vein and hepatic artery that combine into a sinusoid, which then goes into the central vein, and these are all lined with hepatocytes.

这是一个肝脏基本功能单位的简单示意图，你可以看到由门静脉和肝动脉来的血液在血窦汇集，然后流入中央静脉，这些都与干细胞相平行。