endosperm

Following fertilization the endosperm becomes and remains multinucleate for some time , becoming cellular near the time of pit- hardening .

Genetic expression of rice grain qualities may be subject to the genotype of a maternal plant , or the genotype of an endosperm , or both .

The two nutrients of any quantity in the endosperm of cereals are starch and protein.

Styles united into a column; fruit terete, ribbed when dry; endosperm ruminate or rugose.

Admittedly, much information on the chemical nature of other endosperm tissues, not included here, is available.

The chalazal parts of the endosperm containing free nuclei forms several lobes .

endocarp thin, fragile crustaceous, outside wrinkled, inside with warty or spinose protuberances penetrating endosperm.

The PCD of starchy endosperm cells in wheat was a special form of PCD.

It seems, but not confirmed, that that the selected allelic variation might have some effects on the the quality of endosperm starch. 5.

MEDEA (MEA), a master regulator of endosperm development, is known to be imprinted in the endosperm.

Cells in different parts of the endosperm vary somewhat in composition.

no formation of apoptotic bodies could be found and the dead starchy endosperm cell served as a reservoir.

In the F2 generations, pericarp thickness differ significantly among different endosperm genotype , not the color of kernel.

The results are as follows: the formation and development of the embryo and endosperm is in accord with the typical graminaceous plants.

Both endosperm heterosis and maternal heterosis existed in amylose content, gel consistency, alkali digestion value and grain weight.

Endosperm is not had or not be amylaceous shape.

The occurrence of haploid endosperm in the gymnosperms provides a sound basis for further investigations into progenies.

A partially purified concentrate of the solid endosperm is active in inducing growth in carrot root tissue.

corn having kernels with a hard outer layer enclosing the soft endosperm.

Using different rice cultivars as materials, effect of flowering sequence on endosperm cells (ECs) and grain quality was analyzed.

During seed development, coordinated developmental programs lead to the formation of the embryo, endosperm and seed coat.

A granular proteIn found In the endosperm of many seeds or formIng the outermost layer In cereal graIns.

Seed: embryo curved, cotyledons enclosing the endosperm, radicle elongated.

embryo straight, cotyledons recurved, enclosing the endosperm.

The endosperm of the nut owes its marked degree of astringency to the tannins it contains .

endosperm copious; cotyledons linear, flat, radicle superior.

If a grain is used it its entirety to make a flour (bran, endosperm & germ) then that flour would be considered a whole grain flour.

The influence to the germination of micro-endosperm super-high-oil corn by different treatments was studied.

Grain qualities significantly correlated with ECs, but not significantly correlated with single endosperm cell weight.

The starchy endosperm of wheat underwent programmed cell death (PCD) during its development.

White rice removes everything except the endosperm (starch) leaving it devoid of nutrients.

Seeds black, shiny, ovoid, glabrous, with endosperm, not strophiolate.

Seed: embryo curved, cotyledons folded, enclosing the mealy endosperm.

Nematode mortality on grain with normal endosperm was lower than seeds with abnormal endosperm.

It was clear that there were lower starch contents in micro-endosperm super high oil corn. 6.

Vacuolate inclusions are present in the fat globules of the endosperm of young seeds.

Seed: embryo curved, cotyledons thin, broad, enclosing the thin endosperm.

Of light, stripped of skin, a layer of film-that the endosperm in the cotyledons Jinguo outside.

Turning brown rice white entails removing a rice grain's bran and germ, which uncovers the white endosperm.

Due to the lack of endosperm or its abnormal development and abortion, no viable seeds were poduced.

There are many tiny cracks inside the seed by nature, and which constitute numerous tiny capillaries inside the endosperm.

The segregation model of endosperm characteristics was illustrated under the assumption of no dosage effect.

It showed that micro- endosperm super high oil corn notable characterized by large embryo.

The opaque part in the endosperm of rice is called chalk, it is an important indicator of rice quality evaluation.

endosperm abundant [scant in saprophytic genera].

Seeds ellipsoid, glabrous, nearly without endosperm, with thickened tissue at micropylar end.

The endosperm formation is of Cellular Type.

Seed without endosperm; cotyledons fleshy, equal or unequal.

The endosperm is te major portion of a cereal grain.

The seeds of the tree is rubber buckle endosperm, common Ecuador and Peru's coastal rainforest.

Seeds not arillate, with usually large embryos and abundant endosperm.

embryo straight, minute, enclosed by fleshy endosperm.

embryo straight, surrounded by thin starchy endosperm.

The reason that the corn is sweet, is because in the corn endosperm 's chromosome has the recessive gene.

Albumin One of a group of simple, low molecular-weight proteins found in plants, for example in the endosperm of barley and wheat seeds.

Seeds numerous, usually winged or with tufts of hairs at both ends; endosperm absent.

On the contrary, the more the amount of endosperm left in seeds, the faster the callus grew.

endosperm mostly copious, surrounded by embryo.

The seed does not have endosperm, embryo unbend, cotyledon hypertrophy.

Starch is the most storage component in rice endosperm, and it is considered as the key determinant of rice grain quality.

It showed that there were higher sugar contents in micro-endosperm super high oil corn. 5.

The embryo genesis of Asterad type and the endosperm genesis is of Nuclear type.

The endosperm was suitable for the embryo bud formation.

Wheat endosperm was implanted by 12C ions through controlling single nucleus energy, it made M1 generation form diversification.

It accumulates in the amyloplasta of the endosperm cells during grain filling.

Seeds curved, rugose, endosperm absent.

Milling fractures many of the cells of the endosperm, exposing their contents.

endocarp bony. Seed without endosperm.

The early development of endosperm is nuclear type.

A whole grain contains the germ, endosperm, and bran.

Seed 1, with straight embryo and flat or thickened cotyledons, without endosperm.

Seeds with abundant endosperm and small embryo.

Fig. 3 A model for the biosynthesis of amylopectin cluster in rice endosperm .

It mainly influences the cell division and development of endosperm.

Cornstarch is made from the endosperm of the corn kernel. It is used to thicken sauces and stews in place of flour and fat.

Primary endosperm nucleus and the degenerating antipodal cells; 8.

There are fewer embryo and endosperm cells in ceased developed fruit than normal.

In some seeds (e. g. the endosperm of dates) hemicelluloses are a food reserve. See cell wall.

Seeds numerous, 3-winged or wingless, without endosperm.

Here, we show that rice endosperm DNA is hypomethylated in all sequence contexts.

Why micro-endosperm corn had low grain yield is mainly due to OSK filling Stage shortened 2 to 3 weeks than Gaoyou 115 corn.

embryo at apex of fleshy endosperm.

Seeds 1 to many per follicle, usually with endosperm.

Both gumsare the ground endosperm of seeds.

Seeds 1 (by abortion) or 2(-5), endosperm ruminate or uniform.

phytase in seed from embryo construct expressed in embryo not only, but in endosperm at a lower level than that found in the embryo.

There were three kinds of starch granules in endosperm cells, which was cake, ellipsoid, ball shape, respectively.

Effects of Flowering Time of Spikelets on Endosperm Development in Rice and Its Physiological Mechanism

Studies on Endogenous Polyamines in Endosperm and Its Relations to Grain Weight in Two-Line Hybrid Rice

Relationship between the Cell Proliferation and Cytokinin Contents in Rice Endosperm during Its Development

Observation on Amyloplast Development in Endosperm of Different Chalkiness Japonica Rice with Scanning Electronic Microscope

Effect of Application Time of Panicle Fertilizer on Accumulation of Endosperm Protein in Rice Kernels

The Ultrastructure and Cytochemical Localization of Phosphatase Activity of Plasmalemma Invagination in Endosperm Cells of Rice

Hard on the different degree of quality protein maize grain endosperm ultrastructure and internal quality traits related studies;

Study on Chalkiness Characters and Endosperm Structures of the Main Parents'Kernel of Hybrid Rice

The ultrastructure changes of endosperm during degeneration process and its function to development of embryo in watermelon

Effects of different zinc concentrations on maize restoration after zinc deficiency and the function of endosperm in zinc deficiency

Physiological Activities and Multiplication of Endosperm Cell at Filling Stage of Kernels with Different Yield Potential in Maize

Endosperm Cell Proliferating and Its Relation to Grain Weight in Different Types of Maize

Application of Monoclonal Antibody Technology in the Studies of Wheat Endosperm Storage Proteins and Genetic Improvement

Studies on Chalkiness Variance and Endosperm Cytological Structures of Rice Kernel in Different Rice Varieties (Lines)

Research Advances about Molecular Mechanism of Non-fertilization Endosperm Initiation

Ultrastructural Features of Nucleus Degradation During Programmed Cell Death of Starchy Endosperm Cells in Rice

Degeneration of Nucleus and Ultracytochemical Localization of Hydrolytic Enzymes during Starchy Endosperm Development in Rice

Amylose Distribution in Wheat Endosperm and its Influence on Noodle Quality

Seeds erect or pendulous, sometimes winged, usually exalbuminous, very rarely with thin endosperm;

Segregation Analysis Method for Detecting Major Gene Controlling Endosperm Traits

A New Rapid DNA Extraction Method from Maize Single endosperm and Utilization in Molecular Marker Assistant Maize Breeding

The starch deposition of rice endosperm and the progress of its structural research

Zygote, in which the male and female nucleoli not fused yet, and primary endosperm nucleus already divided;

Methods of Genetic Analysis for Triploid Endosperm Quality Traits for Unequal Experiment Design

Seeds dispersed explosively from opening valves, without endosperm;

The Relationship Between Endosperm Cell Differentiating and Grain Filling

Effects of High Temperature Stress on Activity of Amylosynthease in Endosperm of Early Indica Rice Varieties

Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration from Endosperm Culture of Averrhoa carambola

Study on endosperm culture of angiosperm and its influence factors

Seed large, globose, enveloped by membranous endocarp, endosperm present or absent;

Mapping Quantitative Tra it Loci Controlling Endosperm Traits with Molecular Marker

Endosperm Development in Autotetraploid Rice: The Fusion of Polar Nuclei and the Formation of Endosperm Cell Wall

Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration from Endosperm of Averrhoa carambola

Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Underlying Endosperm Traits in Cereals

Achene not lustrous, enclosed by marcescent perianth, Seed with endosperm;

Fluctuation of Cell Size of Wheat Starchy Endosperm after Hormone Treatment

Study on Genetic Effect of Endosperm Mutation Gene ae in Near-isogenic Background in Chinese Maize Germplasm

Relation between envelope and proliferation of amyloplast in endosperm cell of rice

Relationship of Zeatin and Indo-acetic Acid with Grains-filling and Development of Endosperm Cells in Superior and Inferior Grains

basal seed sterile, ca. 2 mm, containing what appears to be endosperm but no embryo;

Programmed Cell Death in Wheat During Starchy Endosperm Development

Dynamic of Endosperm Cell Proliferation and Relation to Grain Weight and Grain Volume of Wheat

Studies on the Programmed Cell Death in Rice During Starchy Endosperm Development

Formation Basis of Rice Mist Endosperm Appearance and Its Rapid Ident ifying Factors

Observations on the Fertilization and the Early Development of Embryo and Endosperm in Puccinellia tenuiflora

Effect of High Temperature after Anthesis on Endosperm Cell Development and Grain Weight in Wheat

Effect of High Temperature Stress on Endosperm Filling and Grain Quality of Early Rice Varieties

endosperm usually present, embryo small, straight or curved;

The effect of the different rates of nitrogen and potassium on the yield of micro-endosperm super high oil corn

Path Coefficient Analysis of Main Characters in Micro-endosperm Super-high Oil Maize

The results showed that: (1) the fruit ovule was anatropous ovule with double layers integument and nuclear type endosperm;

Progress of Allelic Polymorphism and Expression in Crop Seed Endosperm

Research Progress and Breeding Strategy of Endosperm Mutant Genes of Sweet Corn

Genetic Studies of Endosperm Quantitative Traits of Popcorn

Utilizing endosperm mutant gene for improvement of fresh edible maize

Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration from Endosperm of Loquat

Endosperm Cell Proliferating and Grain Filling Dynamics in Wheat

Starch Granules Development in Grain Endosperm of Wheat for Different End Uses

Genetic Effects of Embryo and Endosperm Genes on Rice Seedling Biomass at Early Stages

A Contrast of the Endosperm Development between Rice and Wheat

Study on Combining Ability of Kernel Oil Content in Micro-endosperm Super-high Oil Maize

Variation in Endosperm Protein of Rice Germplasm in Yunnan Province

Effect of Flowering Sequence of Spikelets on Endosperm Cells and Grain Quality of Rice

B, the endocarp on endosperm end was peeled and the seed coat and endosperm layer were remained;

Seeds with abundant endosperm or endosperm lacking;

Factors influencing endosperm callus culture of Malania oleifera

Studies on Protein Contents in the Seeds of Micro-endosperm Corn with Super High Oil

Advances on the Genes of Starch Synthesis Enzymes in Wheat Endosperm

Formation of Protein Bodies in the Developing Endosperm Cells of Rice

Seeds 1 to many per follicle, on inner margin of foliaceous endocarp, globose, endosperm flat or plicate;

Effects of Exogenous Hormones on Development of Starch Granules in Wheat Endosperm Cell

Seeds without endosperm or rarely with endosperm;

Effect of Rye Chromosomes on Wheat Endosperm Development

Seeds without endosperm and perisperm;

Studies on Oil Content of Inbred Lines in Micro-endosperm Super-high Oil Corn

The Origin of Double Fertilization and Endosperm

The Comparison of the Microscopic Structure of Five Seeds Endosperm Cells

The effect of endosperm on callus formation from mature seeds of indica rice cultured in vitro

Seeds with fleshy or cuticular endosperm;

Extraction and Analysis of DNA from Endosperm in the Seed of Pinus

Preliminary observation on fine structure of starch grains in rice endosperm

DNA Extraction from Endosperm of Pinus Tabulaeformis

Effects of Low Temperature during Grain Filling on the Structure of Endosperm in Hybrid Rice

Starch synthesis in the cereal endosperm

Study on diversity of endosperm cells in seeds of Leymus

Endosperm or cotyledons of the seed

A Study on the Embryo and Its Nutritive Tissues, Endosperm and Perisperm of Nymphaeaceae in China

The embryo and endosperm development of watermelon

Genetic Effect of Endosperm Mutation Gene ae in Maize

Seeds usually with little or no endosperm;

Progress on development of kernel endosperm cells in maize

Preliminary Studies on Endosperm Culture of 439 Tangor

The remnant of the endosperm

Seeds 2 per locule, wingless, not como se, without endosperm;

Study Progress in Development of Endosperm in Maize

Study How to Establish the Isogenic Lines and the Variations of Their Endosperm

A review of studies on endosperm chalk of rice

Seed 1, unitegmic, endosperm and perisperm absent;

basal seed sterile, usually 1. 5-3. 5 mm, containing what appears to be endosperm but no embryo;

Seeds 1 or 2 per locule, wingless, not como se, without endosperm;

Studies on the development of embryo and endosperm in Psathyrostachys huashanica

The Study on Embryo and Endosperm of Cardamine Hupingshanesis