These are all words for a thing that is caused because of sth else. 以上各词均表示后果、结果。

• result a thing that is caused or produced by sth else 指后果、结果：◆She died as a result of her injuries. 她因伤死亡。◆This book is the result of 25 years of research. 这本书是 25 年研究的结晶。
• consequence (rather formal) a result of sth that has happened, especially a bad result 尤指不好的结果、后果：◆This decision could have serious consequences for the industry. 这项决定可能对该行业造成严重后果。 NOTE Consequences is used most frequently to talk about possible negative results of an action. It is commonly used with such words as adverse, dire, disastrous, fatal, harmful, negative, serious, tragic and unfortunate. Even when there is no adjective, consequences often suggests negative results. * consequence 最常用以指某种行为可能产生的负面结果，常与 adverse、dire、disastrous、fatal、harmful、negative、serious、tragic、unfortunate 等词连用。即使没有形容词修饰，consequence 也常含负面结果之义。
• outcome the result of an action or process 指行动或过程的结果、效果：◆We are waiting to hear the final outcome of the negotiations. 我们在等待谈判的最终结果。

result or outcome? 用 result 还是 outcome？

Result is often used to talk about things that are caused directly by sth else. * result 常指由另一事物直接导致的结果：◆Aggression is often the result of fear. 好斗情绪通常是恐惧所致。 Outcome is more often used to talk about what happens at the end of a process when the exact relation of cause and effect is less clear. * outcome 较常指某一过程完结时的结果，此时，原因和结果之间的确切关系已不太明显：◆Aggression is often the outcome of fear. Result is often used after an event to talk about what happened. Outcome is often used before an action or process to talk about what is likely to happen. * result 通常是在事情过去之后谈及其结果，outcome 通常是在行动或过程之前谈及其可能产生的结果。

• repercussion (rather formal) an indirect and usually bad result of an action or event that may happen some time afterwards 指一段时间后出现的间接的影响，通常指不良反响、恶果

Patterns

• to have consequences/repercussions for sb/sth
• with the result/consequence/outcome that…
• a(n)/the possible result/consequences/outcome/repercussions
• a(n)/the likely/inevitable result/consequences/outcome
• (a/an) negative results/consequences/outcome/repercussions
• far-reaching/serious results/consequences/repercussions
• to have a result/consequences/an outcome/repercussions

Describing the effect of something 描述某事的影响

• ◆ One consequence of changes in diet over recent years has been a dramatic increase in cases of childhood obesity. 近年来饮食变化带来的一个结果是儿童肥胖人数急剧上升。
• ◆Many parents today do not have time to cook healthy meals for their children. Consequently / As a consequence, many children grow up eating too much junk food. 现在许多家长没有时间给孩子做健康的饭菜，结果造成许多孩子在成长过程中吃过多的垃圾食品。
• ◆Many children spend their free time watching TV instead of playing outside. As a result, more and more of them are becoming overweight. 许多孩子把他们的闲暇时间都花在看电视上，而不是进行户外活动，从而导致越来越多的孩子变得肥胖。
• ◆Last year junk food was banned in schools. The effect of this has been to create a black market in the playground, with pupils bringing sweets from home to sell to other pupils. 去年学校禁售垃圾食品，结果是学校操场上出现了垃圾食品的黑市交易，有的学生把从家里带来的甜食卖给其他学生。