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| VERB |
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| /stɑːt/ |
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| 1 | I to begin to happen or take place 开始；发生 |
| Work has started on a new terminal at Heathrow Airport. 在希思罗机场的一个新的终点站，工作已经开始了。 |
| The World Championships start in two weeks’ time. 两周以后世界锦标赛就要开始了。 |
| The show has just started. 表演刚刚开始。 |
| What time does school start in the morning? 学校早上几点开始上课？ |
| +as The riot started as a dispute between neighbours. 骚乱始于邻里之间的争端。 |
| | 1a | used about a change , movement , process etc （变化、运动、过程等）开始 | | Cellular decay starts at the moment of death. 细胞的腐烂在死亡的那一刻就开始了。 | | start doing/to do sth The leaves have started falling off the trees. 叶子开始从树上掉落了。 | | The traffic had started to move more freely now. 车流开始更加顺畅地流动起来。 | | His confidence is starting to crumble. 他的自信心开始动摇了。 | | It’ s starting to rain. 天开始下雨了。 | |
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| 2 | I/T used for saying that someone begins to do something （某人）开始（做某事） |
| Please start when you are ready. 你准备好了就开始吧。 |
| Have you started the washing-up yet? 你开始清洗了没有？ |
| +by Let’ s start by defining our terms. 我们首先解释一下这些术语。 |
| +with Yesterday the drama group started with games and improvisation. 昨天的戏剧组以游戏和即兴表演开始。 |
| start doing/to do sth Everyone in the class started laughing. 班上的每个人都开始笑了。 |
| I started to unpack my suitcase. 我开始打开衣箱整理衣物。 |
| | 2a | I/T to begin a new job , career , or period of education 开始（新的工作、事业或教育） | | When do they want you to start? 他们想要你什么时候开始？ | | Things were very different when I started in politics. 我从政的时候，情况大不相同。 | | I started as an office boy and worked my way to the top. 我从一个办公室小职员干起，一直干到最高层。 | | start work I start work on Monday. 我周一开始工作。 | | start school/college Children start school at age five. 孩子5岁时开始学校教育。 | |
| | 2b | T to begin a period of time in a particular way （以特定方式）开始 | | start the day/week/year etc I usually start the day with a cup of coffee. 我通常以一杯咖啡开始我的一天。 | | New York started the new century with a massive fireworks display. 纽约以盛大的烟火表演开始了新的世纪。 | |
| | 2c | I/T to be involved in something at the beginning （开始时）参加 | | Of the 36 horses that started the race, only four finished. 开始时有36匹马参加比赛，但只有4匹跑完了全程。 | |
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| 3 | I/T to begin a journey 启程；出发 |
| We started early enough but got caught in the London traffic. 我们出发得足够早，却被伦敦的交通耽搁了。 |
| It was time to start the long walk back home. 现在该开始我们漫长的回家旅程了。 |
| | 3a | I to move in a particular direction 朝…方向前进 | | The footsteps came again, then started up the stairs. 脚步声再次传来，然后是上楼的声音。 | | +for Guy started for the door. 盖伊向门口走去。 | |
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| 4 | I used for talking about the nearest end or edge of something （边界等）起始（于） |
| The new houses start immediately beyond the bridge. 一过了桥就是新房子的边界了。 |
| | 4a | +from/atused for talking about the lowest price or number （价钱或数字）最低起始（于） | | Prices for cushion covers start from £18. 坐垫套的起价是18英镑。 | | The house numbers start at 20. 房子的号码从20号开始。 | |
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| 5 | T to cause something , or be the first person to do something 发动；动手 |
| Have you any idea who might have started the fire? 你知不知道是谁放的火？ |
| The police insist that they didn’ t start the confrontation. 警察坚持说不是他们先挑起的事端。 |
| Who wants to start the discussion? 这次讨论谁先发言？ |
| ‘Don’ t talk to me like that!’ ‘You started it!’ “不要这样对我说话！”“是你先开始这样说话的！” |
| | 5a | start sb doing sthto cause someone to do something 使开始；引起 | | What she said started me thinking. 她说的话引起了我的思考。 | |
| | 5b | to bring a business , organization , or project into existence 创立；创始 | | He decided to quit his job and start his own business. 他决定辞掉工作创立自己的公司。 | |
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| 6 | T to switch on a machine or engine , especially a motor vehicle （使）启动；发动 |
| Scott started the engine and drove off. 斯科特发动了引擎，驾车离开了。 |
| | 6a | I to begin to work 启动 | | No matter how many times he tried, the car wouldn’ t start. 不管他试多少次，汽车就是发动不起来。 | |
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| 7 | I informal to begin to complain or be angry about something 开始抱怨（或生气） |
| It only takes the slightest thing to make her start. 一点点小事情就足以让她生气。 |
| Don’ t start! 别生气！ |
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| 8 | I to move suddenly because you are afraid or surprised by something 惊起；突然跳起 |
| The noise made him start. 那个声音让他惊跳起来。 |
| PHRASES |
| - | back where you started
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| in the same place or situation where you were before , without making any progress |
| 回到起点；没有进步；原地踏步 |
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| After nearly 20 years in politics, he’ s back where he started. 在政界度过20年后他又回到了起点。 |
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| - | get started
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| to begin doing something |
| 开始 |
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| We couldn’ t wait to get started on the next job. 我们都等不及要开始下一项工作了。 |
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| - | get sb started
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| 1 | to help or cause someone to begin doing something new 帮助某人（在某个新的领域）起步 | It was his aunt who got him started in publishing. 是他的姨妈帮他在出版界起步的。 | |
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| 2 | informal to do or say something that makes someone talk for a long time about something 引起某人喋喋不休 | It’ s better not to get him started on that subject. 最好不要让他喋喋不休地谈那个话题。 | |
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| - | to start with
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| 1 | as a beginning , or as the first thing 从…开始 | Let’ s have a few easy questions to start with. 让我们先从一些简单的问题开始。 | |
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| 2 | used for introducing the first or the most important point to support an argument or opinion 首先；最重要的是 | Well, to start with, you haven’ t got the right qualifications. 嗯，最重要的是你还没有取得合适的资格。 | |
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| PHRASAL VERBS |
| - | ˌstart ˈoff |
| PHRASAL VB |
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| 1 | I/T to begin or cause something to begin （使）开始 | Let’ s start off with a few questions from the audience. 让我们从观众的几个问题开始吧。 | | We don’ t want to start off a riot. 我们不想引起一场骚乱。 | | start sb off on sth Mahoney gets himself killed and starts the police off on a hunt for the murderer. 马奥尼被杀了，这件事促使警察开始追捕凶犯。 | |
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| 2 | I to begin moving , or begin a journey 启程；出发 | He started off for the station at a brisk pace. 他迈着轻快的步伐向火车站走去。 | |
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| 3 | T informal to make someone behave in a silly or emotional way about something 使（某人）发作 | Take care what you say or you’ ll start her off again. 说话要小心，否则她又要发作了。 | |
| - | ˈstart on |
| PHRASAL VB |
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| 1 | T start on sth: to begin working on something or dealing with something 开始做（某事）；着手做（某事） | We could have breakfast before we start on the painting. 我们可以先吃早饭再开始画画。 | | She ate all the cakes, then started on the chocolates. 她把所有的蛋糕都吃掉了，然后就开始吃巧克力。 | |
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| 2 | I/T informal to begin to criticize or complain about someone or something 开始批评，开始抱怨（某人或某事） | She started on about this dog barking in the street. 她开始抱怨这条狗在街上叫。 | | start on (at) sb Don’ t start on me! 别批评我！ | |
| - | ˌstart ˈout |
| PHRASAL VB |
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| 1 | +as: to begin as one thing and develop into something else （从…）开始 | Some businesses start out as hobbies. 有些生意起源于爱好。 | | | 1a | used about someone’ s career 开始从事（某项事业） | | He started out as a salesperson before turning to poetry. 他转向写诗之前是干推销工作的。 | | |
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| 2 | to begin a journey 出发；启程 | We started out at five o’ clock and got there at eight. 我们5点钟出发，8点钟到了那里。 | |
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| 3 | to intend to do or be something 打算；想要 | start out to do sth She didn’ t start out to be a model. 她并没有打算当模特。 | |
| - | ˌstart ˈover |
| PHRASAL VB AMERICAN |
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| | to begin doing something again from the beginning 重新开始 | She counted all the envelopes, put them back in the box, then started over. 她数了所有的信封，把它们放回到盒子里，然后又重数了一遍。 | | | a | to begin a new career or way of life 开始新的职业（划生活方式） | | I’ m getting a little bit too old to start over. 我年纪有点儿太大了，不能再换新职业了。 | | |
| - | ˌstart ˈup |
| PHRASAL VB |
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| 1 | to bring a business , organization , or project into existence 创办；发起；创建 | The Agency helps over 1,000 firms start up each year. 这个机构每年帮助创建1,000多家公司。 | | She left the company last year to start up her own business. 她去年离开公司去创办自己的企业。 | |
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| 2 | to switch on a machine or engine , especially a motor vehicle 发动 | She got into the car and started up the engine. 她钻进汽车，发动了引擎。 | |
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