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| FUNCTION WORD |
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| /ɒn/ |
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| 1 | touching a surface or an object
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| | 1a | touching and supported by the top surface of something 在…之上（表示接触、被支撑） | | Chad was asleep on the floor in a heap of blankets. 查德身上盖着很多毯子在地板上睡着了。 | | He left a note for you on the kitchen table. 他在厨房的桌上给你留了一张条子。 | | Who was the first man on the moon? 第一个登上月球的人是谁？ | | Jimmy sat on a high stool with his hands on the table. 吉米坐在高凳上，双手放在桌上。 | |
| | 1b | onto a surface 到…之上 | | Alanis dropped her books on the desk. 阿拉尼丝把书掉在桌上。 | | We could hear the rain falling on the roof. 我们听得见雨点落在屋顶上的声音。 | |
| | 1c | touching , sticking to , or hanging from a surface or object 在…之上（表示接触、固定或悬挂） | | There were several interesting posters on the wall. 墙上有几张有趣的招贴画。 | | He had a lot of blood on his arm. 他手臂上有许多血。 | | The key is hanging on a hook in the hall. 钥匙挂在大厅里的一个挂钩上。 | | Evelyn leaned over and kissed him on the cheek. 伊夫琳俯过身来在他的面颊上吻了一下。 | | What kind of paper was the letter typed on? 那封信是打在哪一种纸上的？ | | Can you see what’ s written on the blackboard? 你看得见黑板上写了些什么吗？ | |
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| 2 | at a particular time
used for stating the day or date when something happens 在…的时候 |
| He’ s coming home on Wednesday. 他星期三要回家来。 |
| My birthday is on the 27th of November. 我的生日是11月27日。 |
| They met on a rainy day in January. 他们在1月份的一个雨天里相识。 |
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| 3 | supported by a part of your body
used for stating the part of your body that is supporting you 靠（身体的某部分）支撑 |
| He propped himself up on an elbow and looked me in the eye. 他用一只手肘撑起身来直视着我的眼睛。 |
| She gets down on her knees every night and prays for her family. 她每天晚上都要跪下为她的家人祈祷。 |
| Can you skate backwards on one leg? 你能单腿向后滑行吗？ |
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| 4 | in a particular place
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| | 4a | in a particular area or on a particular type of land 在…地方 | | The house was built on a beautiful piece of land. 房子建在风景优美的地区。 | | a school on the outskirts of Glasgow 格拉斯哥市郊的一所学校 | | The princess is buried on a small island. 公主被埋葬在一个小岛上。 | | Wilson spent his childhood on a farm in Ireland. 威尔逊的童年是在爱尔兰的一个农场里度过的。 | |
| | 4b | in a particular road or street 在…路上；在…街上 | | Gordie’ s grandparents live on Crescent Drive. 戈迪的祖父母住在新月大道。 | |
| | 4c | at the side of a river or area of water 在…河边；在…水域旁 | | a small village on the east coast of Scotland 苏格兰东海岸的一个小村庄 | | a town on the Mississippi 密西西比河边上的一座城镇 | | The hotel stands on the water’ s edge just outside Henley. 宾馆就座落在亨利港外面的港湾边。 | |
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| 5 | in a list
included in a list 在（名单）上 |
| The future of the charity will be one of the items on the agenda. 本慈善机构的未来将是议事日程上的项目之一。 |
| My name’ s not on the list of candidates - why not? 我的名字不在候选人名单上，为什么？ |
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| 6 | hitting against sth
used for stating the thing a part of your body accidentally hits or touches causing you to be hurt 在…上（撞伤） |
| I cut my hand on a piece of glass from the broken window. 我的手被破窗户上的一块玻璃割伤了。 |
| She bumped her head really hard on the door. 她的头狠狠地撞到门上。 |
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| 7 | wearing sth
used for saying that you are wearing a piece of clothing , jewellery etc, or for stating the part of your body that it covers 穿着…；戴着… |
| Come on, put your socks on, you’ ll be late for school. 快点，穿上袜子，你上学要迟到了。 |
| She had on a simple silk dress with a pattern of roses. 她穿着一套朴素的带有玫瑰花图案的丝绸连衣裙。 |
| She was wearing a ring on the third finger of her left hand. 她左手的第三个手指上戴着戒指。 |
| He had a hat on, but not much else. 他戴着一顶帽子，没有什么别的东西了。 |
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| 8 | looking at sb/sth
if your eyes are on someone or something , you are looking at them （眼睛）看着… |
| Hannah fixed her grey eyes on me once again. 汉娜那双灰色的眼睛又一次凝视着我。 |
| He kept his eyes on the flickering flames. 他的双眼一直盯着闪烁的火苗。 |
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| 9 | happening or being broadcast
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| | 9a | being broadcast by radio or television 在（播出）中；在（上演）中 | | Eastenders is on TV tonight. 今晚电视播《东伦敦人》。 | | I usually listen to the news on the radio while I’ m driving to work. 我通常在开车去上班的路上听新闻广播。 | | What time is the football match on? 足球赛什么时候播？ | |
| | 9b | taking place or happening somewhere 在（进行）中 | | There’ s a wedding on in the church. 教堂里在举行一场婚礼。 | |
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| 10 | about sth
concerning a particular subject 关于… |
| I have to write a report on the Civil War for homework. 我的家庭作业是写一篇有关美国内战的报告。 |
| a conference on language teaching 语言教学研讨会 |
| Students should be offered accurate information on subjects like sex and contraception. 应该向学生提供有关性和避孕之类问题的准确信息。 |
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| 11 | continuing
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| | 11a | used for saying that someone is continuing to do something 继续；不停地 | | They talked on through the night. 他们谈了一整晚。 | | Read on to find out the rest of the story. 继续读下去，看看故事其余部分在讲什么。 | | I stayed on after everyone else had left. 其他所有人都离开后我还留在那儿。 | | He kept on saying ‘Where are the kids?’ over and over again. 他一遍又一遍不停地说“孩子们在哪儿？” | | We can’ t go on putting more and more taxpayers’ money into these projects without giving them some results. 我们不能不断地把纳税者的钱越来越多地投到这些工程里，又拿不出什么结果来。 | |
| | 11b | starting at a particular time and continuing to happen 从现在/那时/那个时刻等起 | | The new rules will apply to all members from now on. 从现在起这些新条例适用于所有的成员。 | | From that moment on, I knew that I wanted to be a doctor. 从那一时刻起我知道我想成为一名医生。 | |
| | 11c | continuing to move forwards 继续向前 | | They walked on beside the river to a cafe they knew. 他们沿着河边向一家他们熟悉的咖啡馆走去。 | | When I didn’ t know the answer, the teacher kindly moved on to the next student. 如果我不知道答案，老师便很宽容地继续问下一个学生。 | |
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| 12 | in or into a vehicle
in or into a bus , train , plane etc 在（车或飞机）上；上（车或飞机） |
| We got on the train at Bournville. 我们在布尔恩维尔上了火车。 |
| I’ ll get some work done while I’ m on the plane. 乘飞机时我要把一些工作做完。 |
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| 13 | using a particular type of machine or equipment
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| | 13a | used for stating the type of machine or equipment that is used for doing something 以（机器或设备）为工具；用…做的 | | Much of the work is done on computer. 大部分的工作是在计算机上完成的。 | | I recorded our conversation on my tape recorder. 我用我的录音机把我们的谈话录了下来。 | |
| | 13b | used for stating in what form music , films, information etc are recorded （表示音乐、电影等的录制载体） | | The Grinch was released last year on video. 去年发行了《圣诞怪杰》的录像带。 | | I bought the album on tape when it first came out in 1996. 1996年这张专辑刚出来我就买了它的磁带。 | |
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| 14 | working or in use
if a machine or piece of electrical equipment is on , it is in use or working 在使用中；开着的 |
| Is the heating on? I’ m freezing. 暖气开着吗？我冷死了。 |
| She had left her light on and I went in to turn it off. 她没有关灯，我就进去把灯关掉了。 |
| When you turn the computer on, it goes through a procedure called booting. 当你打开计算机时，计算机就进入启动程序。 |
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| 15 | taking part in a journey
used for saying that someone takes part in an activity in which they travel or see something 在（旅途）中；在（观光）中 |
| He has been going on expeditions since he was eleven years old. 他从11岁开始就一直在进行远征探险。 |
| I’ ll take you on a tour of the factory. 我将带你参观一下这家工厂。 |
| I met him when I was on a Mediterranean cruise. 我在乘船游地中海时与他相识。 |
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| 16 | using a drug
using a particular drug 在（用药）中 |
| She’ s on antibiotics for a mild eye infection. 她因轻度的眼部感染在服用抗生素。 |
| Some of the young people were obviously high on drugs. 显然有些年轻人因吸毒而精神亢奋。 |
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| 17 | when sb is a member of sth
if someone is on a team , committee etc, they are a member of it 是…的成员 |
| There are only three directors on the board. 董事会里只有3位董事。 |
| Mr Cook was strongly criticized by some of the MPs on the committee. 库克先生受到委员会中一些下院议员的严厉批评。 |
| I’ m glad to have a player like you on our team. 我为队里能有像你这样的队员而感到高兴。 |
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| 18 | formal happening immediately
used for saying that an event is followed immediately by another event or that the two events happen at the same time 一…就；和…同时 |
| On being made aware of complaints, he informed the committee. 一察觉到有怨言他就立即上报委员会。 |
| They exchanged a firm handshake on parting. 他们分手时紧紧地握了握手。 |
| Report to the reception desk on arrival. 到达后请即到接待处报到。 |
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| 19 | using sth to live or work
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| | 19a | eating or drinking only a particular type of food or drink in order to stay alive 靠…生存 | | Using a cave as shelter, the two men survived on wild berries and raw fish. 以山洞为住所，这两个男人靠吃野果和生鱼活了下来。 | | He lives on a diet of coffee and cigarettes. 他极度依赖咖啡和香烟。 | |
| | 19b | using a particular type of fuel or electrical power in order to operate 靠…运行 | | run on sth Why can’ t they make a car that runs on water? 他们为什么不能制造出靠水力行驶的汽车呢？ | | This video recorder runs on batteries. 这台录像机需使用电池。 | |
| | 19c | used for saying how much money you have to buy the things that you need in order to live 靠（某数额的钱款）生活 | | He was just managing to survive on a small student grant. 他想办法靠一小笔学生助学金维持生活。 | | The 1.3 billion who live on less than £1 a day have waited far too long for these changes. 每天靠不到1英镑的钱过活的13亿人等待这些改变等得太久了。 | | How to travel around Europe on £40 a day. 如何靠每天40英镑周游欧洲。 | |
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| 20 | used for showing who or what is affected
used for stating who or what is affected by something （用于表示影响的对象）对… |
| The rough weather had little effect on the ship. 恶劣的天气对这艘船没什么影响。 |
| The attacks on Walters in the newspaper have been entirely unfair. 报纸上对沃尔特斯的攻击完全是不公正的。 |
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| 21 | BRITISH used for giving phone numbers
used for stating the phone number where someone can be contacted. AMERICANat 拨…的号码 |
| Call us on 0800 0900017. 请拨打我们的电话0800 0900017。 |
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| 22 | compared with sth
compared with someone or something 与…相比 |
| Subscriptions are down by 66,000 on last year and that is a serious situation. 与去年相比订户少了66000个，形势很严峻。 |
| This would be a significant improvement on the £15 million profit figure achieved last time. 与去年1500万英镑的利润额相比这应该是个相当大的增长。 |
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| 23 | spoken paid for by sb
used for saying who will pay for something 由…支付 |
| Drink up! The next round’ s on me. 干杯！下一轮我请。 |
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| 24 | performing
used for saying that an actor or performer can be seen appearing on the stage or screen 上台；出场 |
| Wait! She’ ll be on in a couple of seconds. 等等！她马上就要出场了。 |
| PHRASES |
| - | be/go on about informal
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| to keep talking about someone or something , especially when other people think it is boring |
| 反复地谈；（尤指）令人生厌地谈 |
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| She’ s always on abour how wonderful her husband and children are. 她总是没完没了地说她的丈夫和孩子有多好。 |
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| - | be/go on at sb BRITISH informal
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| to keep asking someone to do something , or keep complaining about their behaviour , in a way that annoys them |
| 不停地催促（或责怪）某人 |
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| Dad’ s always on at me to get a better job. 爸爸总是向我唠叨，要我找一份更好的工作。 |
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| - | be on for sth mainly AMERICAN spoken
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| to want to do something |
| 想做某事 |
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| Are you still on for a trip to the coast on Thursday? 你还想星期四去海滨吗？ |
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| - | have sth on
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| to have an arrangement to do something |
| 安排做某事 |
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| Have you got anything on this weekend? 这个周末你有什么安排吗？ |
| have a lot on (=be very busy) I’ ve got a lot on this week, so I won’ t be able to see you. 很忙 |
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| - | have sth on you
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| to be carrying something , for example in a pocket or bag |
| 随身带有某物 |
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| Can you pay, I don’ t seem to have any money on me. 你能付下账吗？我身上好像没带钱。 |
| Have you got your passport on you? 你的护照带在身上吗？ |
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| - | (just) not on BRITISH informal
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| used for saying that something cannot be allowed or that it is impossible |
| 不允许的；不可能的 |
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| His son has been given preferential treatment. That is simply not on. 他的儿子受到了优待。这是绝对不允许的。 |
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| - | on and on
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| continuing for a long time |
| 持续很长时间地 |
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| The opera seemed to go on and on for hours. 歌剧好像持续了好几个小时。 |
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| - | on sb’ s face
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| used for saying that someone’ s face has a particular expression |
| 某人脸上露出（某种表情） |
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| There was a look of horror on her face. 她脸上露出恐惧的表情。 |
| Bertie had a silly grin on his face as he came out to meet me. 伯蒂出来见我时脸上露出傻乎乎的笑容。 |
| He looked at me with a puzzled expression on his face. 他一脸迷惑地看着我。 |
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| - | on sb’ s left/right
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| at or to the leftright side of someone or something |
| 在某人的左/右边 |
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| Johnny was sitting on my left. 约翰尼坐在我的左边。 |
| If you look on your right, you will see the Houses of Parliament. 如果你往右看，就可以看到议会大厦。 |
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| - | what is sb on? AMERICAN spoken
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| used when you cannot understand why someone is behaving so strangely |
| 某人在搞什么鬼？ |
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| - | what is sb on about? BRITISH spoken
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| used when you do not understand what someone is talking about |
| 某人在说什么？ |
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| What’ s he on about now? 他现在在说什么？ |
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| - | you’ re on spoken
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| used for saying ‘yes’ when someone has invited you to compete or do something difficult or dangerous |
| 同意，行（用于接受某人的邀请，进行较量或一起做困难或危险的事情） |
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| See also | | - early 2 | | - full-on | | - head-on 1 | |
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