gen·der

noun

OPAL WOPAL S

/ˈdʒendə(r)/

/ˈdʒendər/

[uncountable, countable] the fact of being male or female, especially when considered with reference to social and cultural differences, rather than differences in biology; members of a particular gender as a group男性或女性的事实，尤其是考虑到社会和文化差异，而不是生物学差异时；作为一个群体的特定性别的成员
- issues of class, race and gender阶级、种族和性别问题
- traditional concepts of gender传统的性别观念
- Levels of physical activity did not differ between genders.两性之间的体力活动水平没有差异。
- The film has something for people of all ages, genders and backgrounds.这部电影适合所有年龄、性别和背景的人。
- gender differences/relations/roles/equality性别差异／关系／角色／平等
- She examines the interplay between changing gender divisions and urban change.她研究性别差异的变化和城市变化之间的相互影响。
- The government is working on tackling gender inequalities in employment.政府正在着手解决就业中的性别不平等问题。
compare sex The term gender is also used more broadly to mean a range of identities that do not necessarily fit in with the usual division between male and female. see also intersex, third gender, transgender
More About gender
genderWays of talking about men and women
- When you are writing or speaking English it is important to use language that includes both men and women equally. Some people may be very offended if you do not.
The human race
- Man and mankind have traditionally been used to mean ‘all men and women’. Many people now prefer to use humanity, the human race, human beings or people.
Jobs
- The suffix -ess in names of occupations such as actress, hostess and waitress shows that the person doing the job is a woman. Many people now avoid these. Instead you can use actor or host (although actress and hostess are still very common), or a neutral word, such as server for waiter and waitress.
- Many job names ending in -man also have a female equivalent ending -woman (e.g. postman/postwoman), but in some cases one equivalent is rarely or never used, especially in old-fashioned job names that were traditionally done by one sex (e.g. coalman, washerwoman). Other forms such as batswoman and tradeswoman are becoming more common as more women start to do these jobs.
- Neutral words like assistant, worker, person or officer are now often used instead of -man or -woman in the names of jobs. For example, you can use police officer instead of policeman or policewoman, and spokesperson instead of spokesman or spokeswoman. Neutral words are very common in newspapers, on television and radio and in official writing, in both British English and North American English.
- When talking about jobs that are traditionally done by the other sex, some people say: a male secretary/nurse/model (NOT man) or a woman/female doctor/barrister/driver. However, this is now not usually done unless you need to emphasize which sex the person is, or it is still unusual for the job to be done by a man/woman:
  My daughter prefers to see a woman doctor.我的女儿喜欢让女医生看病。
  They have a male nanny for their kids.他们有个男保姆照料孩子。
  a female racing driver女赛车手
Pronouns
- He used to be considered to cover both men and women:
  Everyone needs to feel he is loved.人人都需要有被爱的感觉。
  This is not now acceptable. Instead, after everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, etc. one of the plural pronouns they, them, and their is often used:
  Does everybody know what they want?人人都知道自己需要什么吗？
  Somebody’s left their coat here.有人把外衣丢在这儿了。
  I hope nobody’s forgotten to bring their passport with them.希望没人忘了随身带上护照。
- It is now generally acceptable in writing and speech to use they, them, and their to refer to a singular noun:
  When a guest arrives, they check in and we show them to their room.当客人到达时，他们会办理入住，我们会带他们到他们的房间。
  However, some people prefer to use he or she, his or her, or him or her:
  Everyone knows what’s best for him- or herself.每个人都知道什么对他或她自己最好。
  He/she or (s)he can also be used in writing:
  If in doubt, ask your doctor. He/she can give you more information.如有疑问，请咨询您的医生。他/她可以为您提供更多信息。
  (You may find that some writers just use ‘she’.) If these uses seem awkward, you can change the sentence and use a plural noun. Instead of saying:
  A baby cries when he or she is tired婴儿累了就会哭
  you can say
  Babies cry when they are tired.婴儿疲倦时会哭。
- Some people now specify which pronouns they prefer to be used when they are referred to, usually according to their gender identity:
  I want to share with you that I am trans, and my pronouns are ‘they’ and ‘them’.我想与大家分享的是，我是跨性别者，我的代词是“他们”和“他们”。
Topics People in societyb2
Oxford Collocations Dictionary
adjective
- female
- male
- same
- …
gender + noun
- relations
- differences
- divisions
- …
[countable, uncountable] (grammar) (in some languages) each of the classes (masculine, feminine and sometimes neuter) into which nouns, pronouns and adjectives are divided; the division of nouns, pronouns and adjectives into these different genders. Different genders may have different endings, etc.性（阳性、阴性和中性，不同的性有不同的词尾等）
- In French the adjective must agree with the noun in number and gender.法语中形容词必须在数和性上与名词一致。
Wordfinder
- case
- conjugate
- gender
- grammar
- inflect
- noun
- part of speech
- singular
- subject
- tense
Topics Languagec1

Word Originlate Middle English: from Old French gendre (modern genre), based on Latin genus ‘birth, family, nation’. The earliest meanings were ‘kind, sort, genus’ and ‘type or class of noun, etc.’ (which was also a sense of Latin genus).

单词	gender
释义	gen·der noun OPAL WOPAL S /ˈdʒendə(r)/ /ˈdʒendər/ [uncountable, countable] the fact of being male or female, especially when considered with reference to social and cultural differences, rather than differences in biology; members of a particular gender as a group男性或女性的事实，尤其是考虑到社会和文化差异，而不是生物学差异时；作为一个群体的特定性别的成员 issues of class, race and gender阶级、种族和性别问题 traditional concepts of gender传统的性别观念 Levels of physical activity did not differ between genders.两性之间的体力活动水平没有差异。 The film has something for people of all ages, genders and backgrounds.这部电影适合所有年龄、性别和背景的人。 gender differences/relations/roles/equality性别差异／关系／角色／平等 She examines the interplay between changing gender divisions and urban change.她研究性别差异的变化和城市变化之间的相互影响。 The government is working on tackling gender inequalities in employment.政府正在着手解决就业中的性别不平等问题。 compare sex The term gender is also used more broadly to mean a range of identities that do not necessarily fit in with the usual division between male and female. see also intersex, third gender, transgender More About gendergenderWays of talking about men and women When you are writing or speaking English it is important to use language that includes both men and women equally. Some people may be very offended if you do not. The human race Man and mankind have traditionally been used to mean ‘all men and women’. Many people now prefer to use humanity, the human race, human beings or people. Jobs The suffix -ess in names of occupations such as actress, hostess and waitress shows that the person doing the job is a woman. Many people now avoid these. Instead you can use actor or host (although actress and hostess are still very common), or a neutral word, such as server for waiter and waitress. Many job names ending in -man also have a female equivalent ending -woman (e.g. postman/postwoman), but in some cases one equivalent is rarely or never used, especially in old-fashioned job names that were traditionally done by one sex (e.g. coalman, washerwoman). Other forms such as batswoman and tradeswoman are becoming more common as more women start to do these jobs. Neutral words like assistant, worker, person or officer are now often used instead of -man or -woman in the names of jobs. For example, you can use police officer instead of policeman or policewoman, and spokesperson instead of spokesman or spokeswoman. Neutral words are very common in newspapers, on television and radio and in official writing, in both British English and North American English. When talking about jobs that are traditionally done by the other sex, some people say: a male secretary/nurse/model (NOT man) or a woman/female doctor/barrister/driver. However, this is now not usually done unless you need to emphasize which sex the person is, or it is still unusual for the job to be done by a man/woman: My daughter prefers to see a woman doctor.我的女儿喜欢让女医生看病。 They have a male nanny for their kids.他们有个男保姆照料孩子。 a female racing driver女赛车手 Pronouns He used to be considered to cover both men and women: Everyone needs to feel he is loved.人人都需要有被爱的感觉。 This is not now acceptable. Instead, after everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, etc. one of the plural pronouns they, them, and their is often used: Does everybody know what they want?人人都知道自己需要什么吗？ Somebody’s left their coat here.有人把外衣丢在这儿了。 I hope nobody’s forgotten to bring their passport with them.希望没人忘了随身带上护照。 It is now generally acceptable in writing and speech to use they, them, and their to refer to a singular noun: When a guest arrives, they check in and we show them to their room.当客人到达时，他们会办理入住，我们会带他们到他们的房间。 However, some people prefer to use he or she, his or her, or him or her: Everyone knows what’s best for him- or herself.每个人都知道什么对他或她自己最好。 He/she or (s)he can also be used in writing: If in doubt, ask your doctor. He/she can give you more information.如有疑问，请咨询您的医生。他/她可以为您提供更多信息。 (You may find that some writers just use ‘she’.) If these uses seem awkward, you can change the sentence and use a plural noun. Instead of saying: A baby cries when he or she is tired婴儿累了就会哭 you can say Babies cry when they are tired.婴儿疲倦时会哭。 Some people now specify which pronouns they prefer to be used when they are referred to, usually according to their gender identity: I want to share with you that I am trans, and my pronouns are ‘they’ and ‘them’.我想与大家分享的是，我是跨性别者，我的代词是“他们”和“他们”。 Topics People in societyb2 Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective female male same … gender + noun relations differences divisions … [countable, uncountable] (grammar) (in some languages) each of the classes (masculine, feminine and sometimes neuter) into which nouns, pronouns and adjectives are divided; the division of nouns, pronouns and adjectives into these different genders. Different genders may have different endings, etc.性（阳性、阴性和中性，不同的性有不同的词尾等） In French the adjective must agree with the noun in number and gender.法语中形容词必须在数和性上与名词一致。 Wordfinder case conjugate gender grammar inflect noun part of speech singular subject tense Topics Languagec1 Word Originlate Middle English: from Old French gendre (modern genre), based on Latin genus ‘birth, family, nation’. The earliest meanings were ‘kind, sort, genus’ and ‘type or class of noun, etc.’ (which was also a sense of Latin genus).
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