Where human intervention is required at the capping station, appropriate technology should be used to prevent direct contact with vials and to minimise microbial contamination.

Advantages sof direct sampling are that areas hardest to clean and which are reasonably accessible can be evaluated, leading to establishing a level of contamination or residue per given surface area.

Those who suffer from infectious diseases or any other diseases that may cause drug contamination are not permitted to undertake any job in direct contact with drugs.