Fuels such as ethanol, bio-diesel to replace or partially substitute for conventional gasoline or diesel, can significantly reduce harmful automobile exhaust emissions.

Compared with conventional gasoline pathway, methanol-gasoline pathway can reduce primary energy consumption by 9% and increase GHGs emission by only 3.5% with the progress of vehicle technology.

Gasoline electric hybrid models like the Toyota Prius improve mileage by a further 20 percent over conventional models.