However, when the airflow is turbulent, the boundary layer sticks to the ball for longer.
然而，当气流为湍流时，边界层维持时间较长。
2
As a result, roughly half the fuel required to maintain a level cruise is being burned to overcome the drag imposed by a turbulent boundary layer.
因此，保持巡航速度消耗的燃料大约一半都是用于克服紊流产生的阻力。
3
Mean velocity profile, turbulence intensity profile, integral scale and wind spectra are the most fundamental characteristics that describe the atmospheric turbulent boundary layer flow.