A robust fault detection scheme based on adaptive-fuzzy state observers for affine nonlinear systems is presented, and adaptive-fuzzy systems is adopted to repair nonlinear parts.

We propose a new 3D affine invariant in the paper, and a blind watermarking scheme for 3D models is built with this invariant.

In this paper, the symmetric image encryption scheme based on 3-d quasi-affine transformation over limited integer grids and 4-d chaotic map.