Errors induced by imperfections are far less problematic thanks to the development of a new receiver that detects the whole electrical field of the signal, rather than just its intensity.
微小缺陷引起的错误就不再是个太大的问题，这多亏了能够探测信号的全部而不是只有强度的新接收器的发明。
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The normal modes which can arrive at a receiver are summed according to energy, and an expression for the averaged intensity is then obtained by averaging over the source and receiver depth.