There are signs that this is happening: the average premium being paid, when measured as a percentage of the target's cash flow, is higher that at any time since the bursting of the last bubble.

The liquid in the pipeline under certain conditions and partially vaporizes into gas state, bubble, formation of gas-liquid two-phase flow which is the process of flash.

It has been analysed that liquid flow pattern and liquid crosswise eddy diffusion influence on efficiency of bubble tray.