The invention relates to a method and an apparatus to monitor an output speed sensor during operation of an electromechanical transmission.

Due to the Electrorheological (ER) Effect is a kind of remarkable effect, ERF can be widely applied in electromechanical transmission and control systems.

Therefore, this article will study the dynamics and control strategy of vehicle traction and braking systematically by considering the transmission system and the electromechanical coupling relations.