Definition of excitation in English:

excitation

noun ˌɛksɪˈteɪʃ(ə)nˌɛksəˈteɪʃ(ə)n

mass noun

1technical The application of energy to something.
Example sentencesExamples
- Pyrethroids attack the nervous system of insects, provoking excitation, paralysis and death.
- The increased density ends up requiring more energy for the same amount of excitation that would lead to the boiling of the water.
1. 1.1Physics The process in which an atom or other particle adopts a higher energy state when energy is supplied.
  〔物理〕激发；激励
  thermal excitation
  热激发（或热激励）。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Simplified model fitting of the experimental data enabled to evaluate the spectroscopic parameters characterizing excitation and photoionization processes.
  In our terminology, an exciton is a photon reaching a donor and, dependent on the donor's excitation state upon arrival, potentially participating in the process of donor excitation.
  These data demonstrate that parallel measurements with UV-A and UV-B excitation can give an indication of the absorption properties of the screening compounds.
  The dependence of the emission spectrum on excitation wavelength in ethanol glass at 77 K is shown in Fig.6.
  In the Rydberg system, instead of shrinking the lattice constant to make the atoms overlap, you can simply increase the size of the atom by increasing its excitation.
  This was revealed by alkali-treatment of leaf transverse sections, by the shape of the fluorescence excitation and emission spectra and by the time-resolved analysis of leaf BGF.
  The electrons ejected from the atoms upon this excitation are deflected - or, in our case, accelerated or decelerated - by the few-cycle laser field.
  They have found that these tiny devices fluoresce with much narrower excitation spectra than their semiconductor counterparts and so might find use in highly specific labeling for molecular biology experiments.
  Two-photon excitation is a nonlinear process in which a fluorophore absorbs two photons simultaneously.
  The excitation and emission spectra were corrected using correction factors supplied by SPEX.
  Based on the precedents from the ion-imaging field, the most useful reversible probes, termed ratio probes, exhibit a shift in their excitation or emission spectrum between the free and bound forms.
  Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra at room temperature and at 77 K are presented.
  Correction of excitation and emission spectra was performed using a Rhodamine B quantum counter solution and a standard lamp, respectively.
  In 1902, he published his theory of electron excitation and luminescence.
  Made up of small numbers of gold or silver atoms, the nanoclusters are strongly fluorescent and have narrow excitation and emission spectra.
  Absorption and fluorescence excitation and emission spectra were subsequently measured.
  Vibrations of the nanospheres arose through natural thermal excitation, as well as stimulation by the incident light.
  N 2 and O 2 can therefore only absorb light through electronic excitation.
  The solution was scaled so as to normalize the peaks in excitation and emission spectra to unity.
  The first is the intrinsic polarization of the isolated acceptor emission, which may be a function of its environment and the particular excitation and emission wavelengths used.
2. 1.2Physiology The state of enhanced activity of a cell, organism, or tissue which results from its stimulation.
  〔生理〕兴奋；激动
  these neurotransmitters can produce excitation or inhibition
  Example sentencesExamples
  However, it is difficult to directly compare these results with our study because different cell lines, excitation wavelengths, and power levels were used.
  The transverse tubular system of cardiac muscle is a structure that allows rapid propagation of excitation into the cell interior.
  As predicted by Hebbian rules of learning, the firing of a neuron, resulting from the combined excitation of all synaptic input to the cell, is the necessary event for consolidating memory.
  In muscle cells, nicotinic receptors present at the neuromuscular junction mediate rapid excitation that leads to muscle contraction.
  These reflexes are initiated by the excitation of duodenal mucosal chemoreceptors to acid, fats, and osmotic pressure in the luminal contents.
  In others, such as those controlling the diameter of a large blood vessel, excitation is by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings close to the cells, but not with structured synapses.
  These asymmetries result both from the nature of the coordination of the two muscle layers and from the patterns of spread of excitation within the muscle layers.
  Light resulting from the laser excitation of fluorochromed cells is detected by photosensors and converted into a set of digital values.
  The classical concept of fusion is a three-step process of cell excitation, docking, and fusion, in which docking may occur before cell excitation.
  Nausea can also be of central origin, arising from direct excitation of medullary receptors by systemic toxins.
  The brain consists of millions of interconnected neurons, and cognitive activity reduces, ultimately, to patterns of neuronal excitation and inhibition.
  One of the photointermediates interacts with the G protein, resulting in the electrical excitation of a photoreceptor cell.
  For that reason, the emission of red fluorescence on excitation of cancerous tissue by blue light increases more than the emission of green fluorescence.
  This occurs at chemical synapses when neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and produce excitation or inhibition of the postsynaptic cell.
  Cell excitation has been analyzed in one of two ways.
  Events that stimulate muscle activity by raising sarcoplasmic calcium begin with neural excitation at neuromuscular junctions.
  In anesthetized adult rats, Fenik and Veasey studied the role of serotonin receptor subtypes in the excitation of neurons of the upper airway dilator muscles.
  Essential for its use as a marker in protoplast fusion is its ease of detection by illuminating live cells or tissues at the appropriate excitation wavelength.
  This contraction arises from excitation of the circular layer of smooth muscle by autonomic nerves.
  The researchers then cultured sensory nerve cells and measured the level of intracellular calcium, as a measure of nerve cell excitation.
3. 1.3 The application of current to the winding of an electromagnet to produce a magnetic field.
  励磁
  continuous rotation of the motor by sequential excitation of the phase windings
  as modifier two parallel coils with opposing excitation windings
  Example sentencesExamples
  Fleming and his colleagues were able to extend this technique to electronic excitations which require visible light for their excitation.
  Magnetic excitation, as well as other direct excitation methods, enable the drive signal to be directly related to the drive force and thus to the response of the cantilever.
  The microsecond components of the electric signals for excitation of O and bR are very different.
  The electric field oscillations of the same 5-fs laser pulse are then used to probe the time structure of electron emission accompanying the impulsive x-ray excitation.
  Theoretical models based on current injection membranes predict that excitation will occur for currents of all strengths once a threshold is exceeded.
  A barrier valve including an armature, longitudinally movable toward a pole core by excitation of an electrical winding.
  We can readily observe resonant behavior of MCs using excitation in alternated electric, electromagnetic, or acoustic fields.
  In addition, a substantial signal/noise advantage may be obtained if the tip is directly oscillated as opposed to indirect mechanical excitation with an acoustic transducer.
4. 1.4 The application of a signal voltage to the control electrode of an electron tube or the base of a transistor.
  激励
  Example sentencesExamples
  From analyzing the recorded signal, both the excitation and response of the ground are obtained simultaneously.
  The photovoltaic signal continues to rise for 4.5 ps after excitation, and the voltage profile corresponds well with the population dynamics of the K state.
2The action of exciting or the state of being excited; excitement.
刺激；兴奋；激动
a state of sexual excitation
性兴奋状态。
Example sentencesExamples
- Thus, in Freud's energetic representation of the nervous-system there are two economies that impart psychical excitation.
- In general, this study's results suggest the woman's consent, or lack thereof, influenced the predictive utility of both sexual excitation and attraction to sexual aggression.
- Males have a lower threshold for sexual excitation, tend to perceive people and relationships in a more sexualized manner, and are more likely to interpret a variety of stimuli as signals of sexual intent.
- Only when a man engages in too close an association with young males who are either the object of sexual excitation or could easily lead to it do questions like these prove important in retrospect.
- Not to mention is triggers sexual excitation in adults.
- It is an excitation that plays so great a part with our intellectuals in this carnival we decorate with the proud name of ‘revolution’.
- Relentless in seeking its excitation and satisfaction, libido finds itself frustrated by restraints imposed by society, an obstacle whose origin turns out to be enigmatic for Freud.
- Their data indicated that men who characterized themselves as high on sexual excitation were more likely to report having used physical force to obtain sex.
- The objective of this study was to develop and examine the reliability and validity of a questionnaire that assesses individual differences in the propensity for sexual excitation and inhibition.
- Extreme sexual excitation after periods of abstinence can cause it.

Origin

Late Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin excitatio(n-), from excitare 'rouse, call forth' (see excite).

Definition of excitation in US English:

excitation

nounˌɛksəˈteɪʃ(ə)nˌeksəˈtāSH(ə)n

1technical The application of energy to a particle, object, or physical system.
〈技〉给粒子（或物体、物理系统）的能量施用，尤指
Example sentencesExamples
- Pyrethroids attack the nervous system of insects, provoking excitation, paralysis and death.
- The increased density ends up requiring more energy for the same amount of excitation that would lead to the boiling of the water.
1. 1.1Physics The process in which an atom or other particle adopts a higher energy state when energy is supplied.
  〔物理〕激发；激励
  thermal excitation
  热激发（或热激励）。
  Example sentencesExamples
  They have found that these tiny devices fluoresce with much narrower excitation spectra than their semiconductor counterparts and so might find use in highly specific labeling for molecular biology experiments.
  These data demonstrate that parallel measurements with UV-A and UV-B excitation can give an indication of the absorption properties of the screening compounds.
  Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra at room temperature and at 77 K are presented.
  In the Rydberg system, instead of shrinking the lattice constant to make the atoms overlap, you can simply increase the size of the atom by increasing its excitation.
  The first is the intrinsic polarization of the isolated acceptor emission, which may be a function of its environment and the particular excitation and emission wavelengths used.
  This was revealed by alkali-treatment of leaf transverse sections, by the shape of the fluorescence excitation and emission spectra and by the time-resolved analysis of leaf BGF.
  The solution was scaled so as to normalize the peaks in excitation and emission spectra to unity.
  N 2 and O 2 can therefore only absorb light through electronic excitation.
  The dependence of the emission spectrum on excitation wavelength in ethanol glass at 77 K is shown in Fig.6.
  In our terminology, an exciton is a photon reaching a donor and, dependent on the donor's excitation state upon arrival, potentially participating in the process of donor excitation.
  Vibrations of the nanospheres arose through natural thermal excitation, as well as stimulation by the incident light.
  Simplified model fitting of the experimental data enabled to evaluate the spectroscopic parameters characterizing excitation and photoionization processes.
  The excitation and emission spectra were corrected using correction factors supplied by SPEX.
  The electrons ejected from the atoms upon this excitation are deflected - or, in our case, accelerated or decelerated - by the few-cycle laser field.
  Correction of excitation and emission spectra was performed using a Rhodamine B quantum counter solution and a standard lamp, respectively.
  Two-photon excitation is a nonlinear process in which a fluorophore absorbs two photons simultaneously.
  Absorption and fluorescence excitation and emission spectra were subsequently measured.
  Made up of small numbers of gold or silver atoms, the nanoclusters are strongly fluorescent and have narrow excitation and emission spectra.
  Based on the precedents from the ion-imaging field, the most useful reversible probes, termed ratio probes, exhibit a shift in their excitation or emission spectrum between the free and bound forms.
  In 1902, he published his theory of electron excitation and luminescence.
2. 1.2Physiology The state of enhanced activity or potential activity of a cell, organism, or tissue that results from its stimulation.
  〔生理〕兴奋；激动
  Example sentencesExamples
  Cell excitation has been analyzed in one of two ways.
  The brain consists of millions of interconnected neurons, and cognitive activity reduces, ultimately, to patterns of neuronal excitation and inhibition.
  Light resulting from the laser excitation of fluorochromed cells is detected by photosensors and converted into a set of digital values.
  This occurs at chemical synapses when neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and produce excitation or inhibition of the postsynaptic cell.
  These asymmetries result both from the nature of the coordination of the two muscle layers and from the patterns of spread of excitation within the muscle layers.
  In muscle cells, nicotinic receptors present at the neuromuscular junction mediate rapid excitation that leads to muscle contraction.
  This contraction arises from excitation of the circular layer of smooth muscle by autonomic nerves.
  Nausea can also be of central origin, arising from direct excitation of medullary receptors by systemic toxins.
  Essential for its use as a marker in protoplast fusion is its ease of detection by illuminating live cells or tissues at the appropriate excitation wavelength.
  The classical concept of fusion is a three-step process of cell excitation, docking, and fusion, in which docking may occur before cell excitation.
  The transverse tubular system of cardiac muscle is a structure that allows rapid propagation of excitation into the cell interior.
  However, it is difficult to directly compare these results with our study because different cell lines, excitation wavelengths, and power levels were used.
  Events that stimulate muscle activity by raising sarcoplasmic calcium begin with neural excitation at neuromuscular junctions.
  One of the photointermediates interacts with the G protein, resulting in the electrical excitation of a photoreceptor cell.
  For that reason, the emission of red fluorescence on excitation of cancerous tissue by blue light increases more than the emission of green fluorescence.
  In others, such as those controlling the diameter of a large blood vessel, excitation is by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings close to the cells, but not with structured synapses.
  In anesthetized adult rats, Fenik and Veasey studied the role of serotonin receptor subtypes in the excitation of neurons of the upper airway dilator muscles.
  As predicted by Hebbian rules of learning, the firing of a neuron, resulting from the combined excitation of all synaptic input to the cell, is the necessary event for consolidating memory.
  These reflexes are initiated by the excitation of duodenal mucosal chemoreceptors to acid, fats, and osmotic pressure in the luminal contents.
  The researchers then cultured sensory nerve cells and measured the level of intracellular calcium, as a measure of nerve cell excitation.
3. 1.3 The process of applying current to the winding of an electromagnet to produce a magnetic field.
  励磁
  Example sentencesExamples
  The microsecond components of the electric signals for excitation of O and bR are very different.
  We can readily observe resonant behavior of MCs using excitation in alternated electric, electromagnetic, or acoustic fields.
  In addition, a substantial signal/noise advantage may be obtained if the tip is directly oscillated as opposed to indirect mechanical excitation with an acoustic transducer.
  Theoretical models based on current injection membranes predict that excitation will occur for currents of all strengths once a threshold is exceeded.
  A barrier valve including an armature, longitudinally movable toward a pole core by excitation of an electrical winding.
  Fleming and his colleagues were able to extend this technique to electronic excitations which require visible light for their excitation.
  The electric field oscillations of the same 5-fs laser pulse are then used to probe the time structure of electron emission accompanying the impulsive x-ray excitation.
  Magnetic excitation, as well as other direct excitation methods, enable the drive signal to be directly related to the drive force and thus to the response of the cantilever.
4. 1.4 The process of applying a signal voltage to the control electrode of an electron tube or the base of a transistor.
  激励
  Example sentencesExamples
  From analyzing the recorded signal, both the excitation and response of the ground are obtained simultaneously.
  The photovoltaic signal continues to rise for 4.5 ps after excitation, and the voltage profile corresponds well with the population dynamics of the K state.
2The action or state of exciting or being excited; excitement.
刺激；兴奋；激动
a state of sexual excitation
性兴奋状态。
Example sentencesExamples
- Thus, in Freud's energetic representation of the nervous-system there are two economies that impart psychical excitation.
- Only when a man engages in too close an association with young males who are either the object of sexual excitation or could easily lead to it do questions like these prove important in retrospect.
- The objective of this study was to develop and examine the reliability and validity of a questionnaire that assesses individual differences in the propensity for sexual excitation and inhibition.
- It is an excitation that plays so great a part with our intellectuals in this carnival we decorate with the proud name of ‘revolution’.
- Their data indicated that men who characterized themselves as high on sexual excitation were more likely to report having used physical force to obtain sex.
- Extreme sexual excitation after periods of abstinence can cause it.
- Relentless in seeking its excitation and satisfaction, libido finds itself frustrated by restraints imposed by society, an obstacle whose origin turns out to be enigmatic for Freud.
- Males have a lower threshold for sexual excitation, tend to perceive people and relationships in a more sexualized manner, and are more likely to interpret a variety of stimuli as signals of sexual intent.
- Not to mention is triggers sexual excitation in adults.
- In general, this study's results suggest the woman's consent, or lack thereof, influenced the predictive utility of both sexual excitation and attraction to sexual aggression.

Origin

Late Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin excitatio(n-), from excitare ‘rouse, call forth’ (see excite).

单词	excitation
释义	Definition of excitation in English: excitation noun ˌɛksɪˈteɪʃ(ə)nˌɛksəˈteɪʃ(ə)n mass noun 1technical The application of energy to something. Example sentencesExamples Pyrethroids attack the nervous system of insects, provoking excitation, paralysis and death. The increased density ends up requiring more energy for the same amount of excitation that would lead to the boiling of the water. 1.1Physics The process in which an atom or other particle adopts a higher energy state when energy is supplied. 〔物理〕激发；激励 thermal excitation 热激发（或热激励）。 Example sentencesExamples Simplified model fitting of the experimental data enabled to evaluate the spectroscopic parameters characterizing excitation and photoionization processes. In our terminology, an exciton is a photon reaching a donor and, dependent on the donor's excitation state upon arrival, potentially participating in the process of donor excitation. These data demonstrate that parallel measurements with UV-A and UV-B excitation can give an indication of the absorption properties of the screening compounds. The dependence of the emission spectrum on excitation wavelength in ethanol glass at 77 K is shown in Fig.6. In the Rydberg system, instead of shrinking the lattice constant to make the atoms overlap, you can simply increase the size of the atom by increasing its excitation. This was revealed by alkali-treatment of leaf transverse sections, by the shape of the fluorescence excitation and emission spectra and by the time-resolved analysis of leaf BGF. The electrons ejected from the atoms upon this excitation are deflected - or, in our case, accelerated or decelerated - by the few-cycle laser field. They have found that these tiny devices fluoresce with much narrower excitation spectra than their semiconductor counterparts and so might find use in highly specific labeling for molecular biology experiments. Two-photon excitation is a nonlinear process in which a fluorophore absorbs two photons simultaneously. The excitation and emission spectra were corrected using correction factors supplied by SPEX. Based on the precedents from the ion-imaging field, the most useful reversible probes, termed ratio probes, exhibit a shift in their excitation or emission spectrum between the free and bound forms. Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra at room temperature and at 77 K are presented. Correction of excitation and emission spectra was performed using a Rhodamine B quantum counter solution and a standard lamp, respectively. In 1902, he published his theory of electron excitation and luminescence. Made up of small numbers of gold or silver atoms, the nanoclusters are strongly fluorescent and have narrow excitation and emission spectra. Absorption and fluorescence excitation and emission spectra were subsequently measured. Vibrations of the nanospheres arose through natural thermal excitation, as well as stimulation by the incident light. N 2 and O 2 can therefore only absorb light through electronic excitation. The solution was scaled so as to normalize the peaks in excitation and emission spectra to unity. The first is the intrinsic polarization of the isolated acceptor emission, which may be a function of its environment and the particular excitation and emission wavelengths used. 1.2Physiology The state of enhanced activity of a cell, organism, or tissue which results from its stimulation. 〔生理〕兴奋；激动 these neurotransmitters can produce excitation or inhibition Example sentencesExamples However, it is difficult to directly compare these results with our study because different cell lines, excitation wavelengths, and power levels were used. The transverse tubular system of cardiac muscle is a structure that allows rapid propagation of excitation into the cell interior. As predicted by Hebbian rules of learning, the firing of a neuron, resulting from the combined excitation of all synaptic input to the cell, is the necessary event for consolidating memory. In muscle cells, nicotinic receptors present at the neuromuscular junction mediate rapid excitation that leads to muscle contraction. These reflexes are initiated by the excitation of duodenal mucosal chemoreceptors to acid, fats, and osmotic pressure in the luminal contents. In others, such as those controlling the diameter of a large blood vessel, excitation is by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings close to the cells, but not with structured synapses. These asymmetries result both from the nature of the coordination of the two muscle layers and from the patterns of spread of excitation within the muscle layers. Light resulting from the laser excitation of fluorochromed cells is detected by photosensors and converted into a set of digital values. The classical concept of fusion is a three-step process of cell excitation, docking, and fusion, in which docking may occur before cell excitation. Nausea can also be of central origin, arising from direct excitation of medullary receptors by systemic toxins. The brain consists of millions of interconnected neurons, and cognitive activity reduces, ultimately, to patterns of neuronal excitation and inhibition. One of the photointermediates interacts with the G protein, resulting in the electrical excitation of a photoreceptor cell. For that reason, the emission of red fluorescence on excitation of cancerous tissue by blue light increases more than the emission of green fluorescence. This occurs at chemical synapses when neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and produce excitation or inhibition of the postsynaptic cell. Cell excitation has been analyzed in one of two ways. Events that stimulate muscle activity by raising sarcoplasmic calcium begin with neural excitation at neuromuscular junctions. In anesthetized adult rats, Fenik and Veasey studied the role of serotonin receptor subtypes in the excitation of neurons of the upper airway dilator muscles. Essential for its use as a marker in protoplast fusion is its ease of detection by illuminating live cells or tissues at the appropriate excitation wavelength. This contraction arises from excitation of the circular layer of smooth muscle by autonomic nerves. The researchers then cultured sensory nerve cells and measured the level of intracellular calcium, as a measure of nerve cell excitation. 1.3 The application of current to the winding of an electromagnet to produce a magnetic field. 励磁 continuous rotation of the motor by sequential excitation of the phase windings as modifier two parallel coils with opposing excitation windings Example sentencesExamples Fleming and his colleagues were able to extend this technique to electronic excitations which require visible light for their excitation. Magnetic excitation, as well as other direct excitation methods, enable the drive signal to be directly related to the drive force and thus to the response of the cantilever. The microsecond components of the electric signals for excitation of O and bR are very different. The electric field oscillations of the same 5-fs laser pulse are then used to probe the time structure of electron emission accompanying the impulsive x-ray excitation. Theoretical models based on current injection membranes predict that excitation will occur for currents of all strengths once a threshold is exceeded. A barrier valve including an armature, longitudinally movable toward a pole core by excitation of an electrical winding. We can readily observe resonant behavior of MCs using excitation in alternated electric, electromagnetic, or acoustic fields. In addition, a substantial signal/noise advantage may be obtained if the tip is directly oscillated as opposed to indirect mechanical excitation with an acoustic transducer. 1.4 The application of a signal voltage to the control electrode of an electron tube or the base of a transistor. 激励 Example sentencesExamples From analyzing the recorded signal, both the excitation and response of the ground are obtained simultaneously. The photovoltaic signal continues to rise for 4.5 ps after excitation, and the voltage profile corresponds well with the population dynamics of the K state. 2The action of exciting or the state of being excited; excitement. 刺激；兴奋；激动 a state of sexual excitation 性兴奋状态。 Example sentencesExamples Thus, in Freud's energetic representation of the nervous-system there are two economies that impart psychical excitation. In general, this study's results suggest the woman's consent, or lack thereof, influenced the predictive utility of both sexual excitation and attraction to sexual aggression. Males have a lower threshold for sexual excitation, tend to perceive people and relationships in a more sexualized manner, and are more likely to interpret a variety of stimuli as signals of sexual intent. Only when a man engages in too close an association with young males who are either the object of sexual excitation or could easily lead to it do questions like these prove important in retrospect. Not to mention is triggers sexual excitation in adults. It is an excitation that plays so great a part with our intellectuals in this carnival we decorate with the proud name of ‘revolution’. Relentless in seeking its excitation and satisfaction, libido finds itself frustrated by restraints imposed by society, an obstacle whose origin turns out to be enigmatic for Freud. Their data indicated that men who characterized themselves as high on sexual excitation were more likely to report having used physical force to obtain sex. The objective of this study was to develop and examine the reliability and validity of a questionnaire that assesses individual differences in the propensity for sexual excitation and inhibition. Extreme sexual excitation after periods of abstinence can cause it. Origin Late Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin excitatio(n-), from excitare 'rouse, call forth' (see excite). Definition of excitation in US English: excitation nounˌɛksəˈteɪʃ(ə)nˌeksəˈtāSH(ə)n 1technical The application of energy to a particle, object, or physical system. 〈技〉给粒子（或物体、物理系统）的能量施用，尤指 Example sentencesExamples Pyrethroids attack the nervous system of insects, provoking excitation, paralysis and death. The increased density ends up requiring more energy for the same amount of excitation that would lead to the boiling of the water. 1.1Physics The process in which an atom or other particle adopts a higher energy state when energy is supplied. 〔物理〕激发；激励 thermal excitation 热激发（或热激励）。 Example sentencesExamples They have found that these tiny devices fluoresce with much narrower excitation spectra than their semiconductor counterparts and so might find use in highly specific labeling for molecular biology experiments. These data demonstrate that parallel measurements with UV-A and UV-B excitation can give an indication of the absorption properties of the screening compounds. Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra at room temperature and at 77 K are presented. In the Rydberg system, instead of shrinking the lattice constant to make the atoms overlap, you can simply increase the size of the atom by increasing its excitation. The first is the intrinsic polarization of the isolated acceptor emission, which may be a function of its environment and the particular excitation and emission wavelengths used. This was revealed by alkali-treatment of leaf transverse sections, by the shape of the fluorescence excitation and emission spectra and by the time-resolved analysis of leaf BGF. The solution was scaled so as to normalize the peaks in excitation and emission spectra to unity. N 2 and O 2 can therefore only absorb light through electronic excitation. The dependence of the emission spectrum on excitation wavelength in ethanol glass at 77 K is shown in Fig.6. In our terminology, an exciton is a photon reaching a donor and, dependent on the donor's excitation state upon arrival, potentially participating in the process of donor excitation. Vibrations of the nanospheres arose through natural thermal excitation, as well as stimulation by the incident light. Simplified model fitting of the experimental data enabled to evaluate the spectroscopic parameters characterizing excitation and photoionization processes. The excitation and emission spectra were corrected using correction factors supplied by SPEX. The electrons ejected from the atoms upon this excitation are deflected - or, in our case, accelerated or decelerated - by the few-cycle laser field. Correction of excitation and emission spectra was performed using a Rhodamine B quantum counter solution and a standard lamp, respectively. Two-photon excitation is a nonlinear process in which a fluorophore absorbs two photons simultaneously. Absorption and fluorescence excitation and emission spectra were subsequently measured. Made up of small numbers of gold or silver atoms, the nanoclusters are strongly fluorescent and have narrow excitation and emission spectra. Based on the precedents from the ion-imaging field, the most useful reversible probes, termed ratio probes, exhibit a shift in their excitation or emission spectrum between the free and bound forms. In 1902, he published his theory of electron excitation and luminescence. 1.2Physiology The state of enhanced activity or potential activity of a cell, organism, or tissue that results from its stimulation. 〔生理〕兴奋；激动 Example sentencesExamples Cell excitation has been analyzed in one of two ways. The brain consists of millions of interconnected neurons, and cognitive activity reduces, ultimately, to patterns of neuronal excitation and inhibition. Light resulting from the laser excitation of fluorochromed cells is detected by photosensors and converted into a set of digital values. This occurs at chemical synapses when neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and produce excitation or inhibition of the postsynaptic cell. These asymmetries result both from the nature of the coordination of the two muscle layers and from the patterns of spread of excitation within the muscle layers. In muscle cells, nicotinic receptors present at the neuromuscular junction mediate rapid excitation that leads to muscle contraction. This contraction arises from excitation of the circular layer of smooth muscle by autonomic nerves. Nausea can also be of central origin, arising from direct excitation of medullary receptors by systemic toxins. Essential for its use as a marker in protoplast fusion is its ease of detection by illuminating live cells or tissues at the appropriate excitation wavelength. The classical concept of fusion is a three-step process of cell excitation, docking, and fusion, in which docking may occur before cell excitation. The transverse tubular system of cardiac muscle is a structure that allows rapid propagation of excitation into the cell interior. However, it is difficult to directly compare these results with our study because different cell lines, excitation wavelengths, and power levels were used. Events that stimulate muscle activity by raising sarcoplasmic calcium begin with neural excitation at neuromuscular junctions. One of the photointermediates interacts with the G protein, resulting in the electrical excitation of a photoreceptor cell. For that reason, the emission of red fluorescence on excitation of cancerous tissue by blue light increases more than the emission of green fluorescence. In others, such as those controlling the diameter of a large blood vessel, excitation is by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings close to the cells, but not with structured synapses. In anesthetized adult rats, Fenik and Veasey studied the role of serotonin receptor subtypes in the excitation of neurons of the upper airway dilator muscles. As predicted by Hebbian rules of learning, the firing of a neuron, resulting from the combined excitation of all synaptic input to the cell, is the necessary event for consolidating memory. These reflexes are initiated by the excitation of duodenal mucosal chemoreceptors to acid, fats, and osmotic pressure in the luminal contents. The researchers then cultured sensory nerve cells and measured the level of intracellular calcium, as a measure of nerve cell excitation. 1.3 The process of applying current to the winding of an electromagnet to produce a magnetic field. 励磁 Example sentencesExamples The microsecond components of the electric signals for excitation of O and bR are very different. We can readily observe resonant behavior of MCs using excitation in alternated electric, electromagnetic, or acoustic fields. In addition, a substantial signal/noise advantage may be obtained if the tip is directly oscillated as opposed to indirect mechanical excitation with an acoustic transducer. Theoretical models based on current injection membranes predict that excitation will occur for currents of all strengths once a threshold is exceeded. A barrier valve including an armature, longitudinally movable toward a pole core by excitation of an electrical winding. Fleming and his colleagues were able to extend this technique to electronic excitations which require visible light for their excitation. The electric field oscillations of the same 5-fs laser pulse are then used to probe the time structure of electron emission accompanying the impulsive x-ray excitation. Magnetic excitation, as well as other direct excitation methods, enable the drive signal to be directly related to the drive force and thus to the response of the cantilever. 1.4 The process of applying a signal voltage to the control electrode of an electron tube or the base of a transistor. 激励 Example sentencesExamples From analyzing the recorded signal, both the excitation and response of the ground are obtained simultaneously. The photovoltaic signal continues to rise for 4.5 ps after excitation, and the voltage profile corresponds well with the population dynamics of the K state. 2The action or state of exciting or being excited; excitement. 刺激；兴奋；激动 a state of sexual excitation 性兴奋状态。 Example sentencesExamples Thus, in Freud's energetic representation of the nervous-system there are two economies that impart psychical excitation. Only when a man engages in too close an association with young males who are either the object of sexual excitation or could easily lead to it do questions like these prove important in retrospect. The objective of this study was to develop and examine the reliability and validity of a questionnaire that assesses individual differences in the propensity for sexual excitation and inhibition. It is an excitation that plays so great a part with our intellectuals in this carnival we decorate with the proud name of ‘revolution’. Their data indicated that men who characterized themselves as high on sexual excitation were more likely to report having used physical force to obtain sex. Extreme sexual excitation after periods of abstinence can cause it. Relentless in seeking its excitation and satisfaction, libido finds itself frustrated by restraints imposed by society, an obstacle whose origin turns out to be enigmatic for Freud. Males have a lower threshold for sexual excitation, tend to perceive people and relationships in a more sexualized manner, and are more likely to interpret a variety of stimuli as signals of sexual intent. Not to mention is triggers sexual excitation in adults. In general, this study's results suggest the woman's consent, or lack thereof, influenced the predictive utility of both sexual excitation and attraction to sexual aggression. Origin Late Middle English: from Old French, from late Latin excitatio(n-), from excitare ‘rouse, call forth’ (see excite).
随便看	unbundling unburden unburdened unburdened unburdening unburden of unburden oneself unburden oneself to unburdens unburied unburied unburies unburnable unburned unburnished unburnt unbury unburying unbusinesslike unbusiness-like unbuttered unbutton unbuttoned unbuttoning unbuttons