| 单词 | Burghardt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
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游戏效应的经验转化到大脑结构中去，尤其是转化到与情绪、动机和回报有关的大脑 系统中去(Burghardt2005)，这引发进一步的游戏。 ipaworld.org | The experience of play effects changes to the architecture of the [...] brain, particularly in systems to do with emotion, [...] motivation and reward (Burghardt 2005 ), leading to [...]further playing. ipaworld.org |
不解决这种行为的环境根源，而试图阻止儿童适应性的老套行为，可能在实际上会产生更深 的伤害(Burghardt2005)。 ipaworld.org | Trying to prevent children from performing adaptive [...] stereotypic acts, without addressing the environmental causes of such behaviour, may actually [...] cause furtherharm(Burghardt2005). ipaworld.org |
Burghardt的分析指出了支持游戏需要的一些条件，包括新陈代谢、神经、行为和生态 [...] 因素。 ipaworld.org | Burghardt’sanalysis suggests [...] certain conditions need to be in place to support play, including metabolic, neural, behavioural and ecological factors. ipaworld.org |
在本篇论文开头对Burghardt(2005)的引用表明了对于游戏的理解是至关重要的。 ipaworld.org | The quotation from Burghardt(2005)at thestart [...] of this paper suggests an understanding of play is essential. ipaworld.org |
hybris亚太地区副总裁高堡(BurghardtGroeber) 解释说：“由于时间和资源限制， [...] 企业往往延迟开展多渠道商务， 移动商务启动更晚。 hybris.com | BurghardtGroeber, VP of hybris Asia [...] Pacific, explains, “Organizations often delay multichannel commerce implementations [...]due to time and resource concerns, with mobile getting pushed to ‘later’. hybris.com |
这儿的一个核心前提是，儿童的游戏是在一个有利的或支持性的环境中，活在“放松场 域”中表达他们内心冲动的方式(Burghardt2005)。 ipaworld.org | A central premise here is that children’s play is [...] a way of expressing their inner urges in a favourable and supportive environment, or [...] a ‘relaxedfield’(Burghardt 2005). ipaworld.org |
2、 不受严重压力：游戏只发生于Burghardt话语中“放松情境(relaxed field)”；即当更紧迫 [...] 的生存需要已经被满足时。 ipaworld.org | Buffered from severe stress: play can only 2. [...] take place in whatBurghardt terms a ‘relaxed [...]field’; that is, when more urgent survival needs have been met. ipaworld.org |
尽管不可能把游戏从儿童生活的其他领域的剥夺中分离出来，但是他们参与游戏的能力 [...] 在严重压力的情境下会严重地降低，因此，会降低他们建立应对压力和恢复能力（也称为抗 逆力或复原力或心理弹性）(Burghardt2005)。 ipaworld.org | Although it may not be possible to isolate play from other areas of deprivation in children’s lives, their capacity to engage in play is significantly diminished [...] in situations of severe stress, thus diminishing their capacity to build resilience to [...] cope with stress (Burghardt 2005). ipaworld.org |
具有游戏性 代表了一种对待生活的特殊的态度，是对可能性保持开放并对其进行探索的一种冲动，是蕴 [...] 含着一种乐观态度和相信自己的力量而感受和行为的方式(Burghardt2005)。 ipaworld.org | Being playful represents a particular approach to life, an urge to be open to and explore [...] possibilities, to perceive and act in a way that denotes a sense of optimism and belief [...] in one’sown agency(Burghardt2005). ipaworld.org |
Burghardt(2005:172)指出了支撑游戏的四个因素，他指出尽管游戏需要这些条件，但是只有 [...] 这些条件还不够。 ipaworld.org | Burghardt (2005:172 ) identifies [...] four factors underlying play, which he suggests may be necessary, although not sufficient, conditions for play. ipaworld.org |
尽管不可能将游戏与儿童生活的其它领域的剥夺种分离出来，Burghardt(2005)的分析清楚地 表明了游戏与压力的关系：在极端压力的情境，儿童参与游戏的能力会被极大削弱，因此削 [...] 弱了他们建立应对压力的恢复力的能力。 ipaworld.org | Although it may not be possible to isolate [...] play from other areas of deprivation in [...] children’s lives, Burghardt’s(2005) analysis clarifies [...]its relationship to stress: [...]in situations of severe stress, children’s capacity to engage in play is significantly diminished, thus diminishing their capacity to build resilience to cope with the stress. ipaworld.org |
Burghardt把这种对刺激的需要成为对无聊的敏感性。 ipaworld.org | Burghardtrefers to this need [...] for stimulation as a susceptibility to boredom. ipaworld.org |
研究游戏的学者承认的一件事情是，游戏是种愉悦的经历(Turnbull [...] and Jenvey 2004,Burghardt2005)。 ipaworld.org | One thing that play scholars acknowledge is that play is a pleasurable experience (Turnbull [...] and Jenvey2004 , Burghardt2005 ). ipaworld.org |
探测环境的各个方面以推测其价值； ·建立许多社会角色和社会连结，这有助于当下的生存； ·促进心理和生理幸福以及快速恢复能力(Burghardt2005)。 ipaworld.org | The very things that distinguish play from other behaviours – its voluntary, pleasurable and ‘as if ’ creation of uncertainty – enable children to approach their environments in highly flexible and adaptive ways. ipaworld.org |
当儿童的生存权、发展权和幸福权受到伤害时，会对他们的游戏能力 造成影响(Burghardt2005, McEwen 2007)；同样，儿童的游戏能力会对他们的健康、幸福和 [...] 发展产生影响，正如我们在第三章和第四章显示的那样。 ipaworld.org | When children’s rights to survival, development and well-being are [...] infringed, this has an impact on their [...] capacityto play(Burghardt2005 , McEwen2007 [...]); equally, children’s capacity to play [...]will have an impact on their health, well-being and development, as we have shown in chapters3and4 . ipaworld.org |
当儿童的生存、发展和幸福权受到侵犯时，必然会对儿童的游戏能 [...] 力产生影响；同样，儿童游戏的能力会对他们的健康、幸福和发展产生影响(Burghardt2005, McEwen 2007)。 ipaworld.org | When children’s rights to survival, development and well-being are infringed, this has an impact on their capacity to play; equally, [...] children’s capacity to play will have an impact on their health, well-being [...] and development (Burghardt2005 ,McEwen2007). ipaworld.org |
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