Within the framework of the project, a survey is carried out to find out the awareness of employers about gender equality, attitudes to the issue and implementation of gender equality legislation in the private sector; to receive an overview of the guidelines, methods and measures used in the private sector of the EU member states to implement the principle of equal treatment of women and men and to promote gender equality; to draw up guidelines for the private sector workers in Estonia, inter alia for drafting the basic principles of wage calculation and criteria of work evaluation to eliminate the wage gap between women and men; to increase the private sector awareness of the relevant legislation and to improve their knowledge and skills in using the means and methods for promoting gender equality, and to create a network of private sector employers and interest groups to mediate information, experience and best practices on promoting gender equality.

The Committee recommends that the State party take the necessary measures to ensure that the level of the minimum wage provides a decent living for workers and their families.

These problems are particularly serious for women as discrimination and care responsibilities result in lower wages and interrupted work histories, reducing their ability to contribute to and benefit from social insurance schemes.

A local authority may, for example, decide to allocate resources from its budget to increase the wage fund for teachers, to offer a dwelling free of charge or attract young university graduates to go as teachers to peripheral areas by offering to repay the principal sum of their student loans for them.

If the act is committed in a sports or cultural facility, the offender shall also be liable to a fine of between five (5) to ten (10) times the current minimum statutory monthly wage and prohibited from entering the sporting or cultural facility for a period of between six (6) months and three (3) years.

Wages must correspond at least to the minimum wage level established nationally and they must be laid down in an employment contract.

Operating expenses increased, though to a lesser extent than revenues, due to higher systems implementation and processing costs and wage inflation, partly offset by reduced average staff numbers as we continued to implement programmes to improve efficiency across our operations.

Challenges remained in the areas of gender stereotypes and wage gaps between men and women.

MLIRE is reforming all outdated labour policies, legislations, institutions and administration systems with the aim of providing a progressive business environment that promotes flexibility in wage setting, stable employment relationships, progressive health and safety standards, better workers compensation system, improved terms and conditions of employment, speedy and effective conflict resolution system and good faith bargaining that will enhance productivity.

Each State party shall define and limit the scope of activities of PMSCs and specifically prohibit the outsourcing to PMSCs of functions which are defined as inherently State functions, including direct participation in hostilities, waging war and/or combat operations, taking prisoners, law-making, espionage, intelligence, knowledge transfer with military, security and policing application, use of and other activities related to weapons of mass destruction, police powers, especially the powers of arrest or detention including the interrogation of detainees, and other functions that a State party considers to be inherently State functions.

Algeria noted the observations and recommendations it had made in relation to the improvement of wage differences between men and women; the promotion of the rights of migrant workers and of migrants in an irregular situation, to the situation of refugees and asylum-seekers as well as to children’s rights; and to the prevention of discrimination, in particular against minorities and foreigners, and in the area of education.

More than six decades of massacre, home demolitions, food and medicine embargos, abduction and imprisonment; the threatening of its neighbours in various ways, including with nuclear weapons; the waging of numerous wars against Palestine and Lebanon; the assassination of people, political and religious figures and elites; overt and covert interference in the political, economic and cultural affairs of other States; violations of international law and international humanitarian law and all-out violations of human rights, including the killing of children and women — all of this should be reason enough for the international community to take decisive measures to stop these brutalities and grant the people of Palestine the legitimate rights of which they have been deprived for decades.

Thirdly, there exists an economic structure that results in market-based incomes that are relatively equitable; this includes an educational system that allows workers to acquire the skills necessary to obtain high wages, macroeconomic and microeconomic policies that maintain high levels of employment, a diversified economic structure of manufacturing and service sectors that require highly skilled workers, and limits on non-productive rent-seeking activities.

Taking note of the reports of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance submitted to the Human Rights Council at its fourth, sixth, ninth and twelfth sessions,9 in which the Special Rapporteur highlighted the serious nature of the defamation of all religions and the need to complement legal strategies, and reiterating the call of the Special Rapporteur to all States to wage a systematic campaign against incitement to racial and religious hatred by maintaining a careful balance between the defence of secularism and respect for freedom of religion and by acknowledging and respecting the complementarity of all the freedoms embodied in internationally agreed human rights instruments, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

They are typically wages transferred to families, mainly to meet part of the needs of the recipient households.

The objectives of this Study are as follows: (i) to review and summarise the relevant literature, researches and experience in other economies on the knock-on effect of SMW on pay hierarchies; (ii) to conduct a retrospective survey to examine the rank and pay structures, remuneration packages and fringe benefits, wage and its distribution, working hours, etc (collectively known as “organisational structures”) of the retail and restaurant sectors in Hong Kong and their empirical changes; (iii) to examine whether the changes were caused by the implementation of SMW; and (iv) to assess the impact of knock-on effect of SMW on pay hierarchies of enterprises in different sub-sectors and of different sizes in the retail and restaurant sectors.

However, we are not able to estimate the number of new entrants that could be attracted to the industry because it will be affected by a number of factors such as the prevailing economic climate, job opportunities in the construction and other sectors, volume of public and private sector developments and wage trend in coming years.

The Committee recommends that the State party develop effective employment strategies focusing on young people and women, as well as legislation and policies aimed at improving the working conditions and wages in the formal and informal sectors.

Information such as this provides a starting point for learning about the differences between men and women in these situations and about whether there are similar opportunities, wages and benefits – or whether there are policy, governance and operational gaps that need to be addressed in order to really mainstream gender in the sector.

Its article 57 establishes the general principle of a fair wage; therefore, contractual freedom is circumscribed by the definition and calculation of what constitutes a “fair wage” and by compliance with standards of good faith without prejudice of the conditions prescribed by law to certain activity sectors.

Particularly noteworthy are the agreements on improving growth and employment, social security reform, implementation of the Aliens Act, the drafting of the Dependence Act, the revaluation of pensions and of the statutory minimum wage, the extension of collective bargaining, extrajudicial dispute settlement, enhanced protection against agrarian unemployment, continuing education and prevention of occupational hazards.

The World Bank is preparing a social welfare programme (the “productive social safety nets” project), under the aegis of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, which has three components: (a) a labour-intensive public works programme (direct creation of 24,000 temporary jobs benefiting nearly 150,000 people through the transfer of around GF 53.4 billion in wages), life skills training (5,000 beneficiaries), targeting young people in urban areas, with a view to the construction, rehabilitation and maintenance of essential urban infrastructure (with some 500,000 indirect beneficiaries of an improvement in living conditions) and short-term job creation; (b) pilot monetary transfers for improving human capital in poor rural areas affected by food insecurity; (c) institutional backstopping, capacity-building and project management, including support for the project’s operational units in the development of key elements of a social welfare policy.

European Employers’ Federations, for example German companies, oppose the introduction of an international norm for social accountability, called ISO 26000, by the International Organization for Standardization in Geneva because they are unwilling or unable to make sure that in the whole production and supply chain social and ecological standards are observed, such as freedom to join independent trade unions, collective wage bargaining etc.

Although progress had been made with regard to some Goals, including poverty reduction, achieving universal primary school enrolment and attaining gender parity in secondary and primary school enrolment, there were several Goals in which progress had been either slow or insufficient; they included employment generation, increase in the primary school completion rate, creation of more wage employment for women, reducing maternal mortality, increasing forest coverage, and greater use of information and communications technology.