| 单词 | 食物链 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 食物链 noun, plural —food chains plSee also:食物 n —food n 食物 n—foods pl 物链 pl—chains pl 链—cable length (= 1 • 10 of a nautical mile, or 185.2 m)
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粮农组织代表向食典委通报，战略目标 D：“提高食物链各环 节的食品安全和质 量”仍然是粮农组织主要优先战略之一。 codexalimentarius.org | The Representative of FAO informed the Commission that the Strategic [...] Objective D: “Improved safety and quality of food at all [...] stages of the food chain” had been retained [...]as one of the major priorities in FAO. codexalimentarius.org |
如此的合作对于以一种 连贯的和天衣无缝的方式来制定针对从农场到餐桌 的 食物链 的 健康保护和食品贸易 措施来说也是至关重要的。 codexalimentarius.org | Such collaboration is also critical to the [...] development of [...] health-protection and food-trade measures that address the food chain from farm [...]to table in a coherent and seamless manner. codexalimentarius.org |
食典委忆及，法典委员会动物饲料工作的目的是，通过涵盖包括初级生产在内的 整个食物链，确 保消费者层面的食品安全。 codexalimentarius.org | The Commission recalled that the purpose of Codex work on animal feeding [...] was to ensure food safety at the consumer level by covering the entire food chain, including primary [...]production. codexalimentarius.org |
为协助 各国对付针对粮食生产的恐怖主义而开展的活动包括：(a) [...] 进行关于食品安全、 动植物健康问题的能力建设(培训班、各种项目),包括促进风险分析和加强基层 能力，以确保国家能够监测、诊断、报告和应对病虫害和疾病的爆发；(b) 食品 标准法典委员会和国际植物保护公约制定有关标准；(c) 设立一个食物链管理 框 架以便对跨界动植物病虫害和疾病造成 的 食物链 危 机、粮食安全威胁和紧急情 况，以及对核放射性威胁级紧急情况，进行预防、预警、防备和应对工作；组织 国际论坛讨论与粮食和农业相关的生物风险管理问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | Specific activities that assisted countries in relation to terrorism targeted at food products included: (a) capacity-building (training courses, projects) concerning food safety, animal and plant health, including promotion of risk analyses and developing base-level capacity to ensure national ability to monitor, diagnose, report and respond to pest and disease outbreaks; (b) the standard setting work of the Codex Alimentarius Commission and the International Plant Protection [...] Convention; (c) the [...] establishment of a Food Chain Crisis Management Framework for prevention, early warning, preparedness and response to food chain crises caused by transboundary animal and plant pests and diseases, food safety threats [...]and emergencies, as [...]well as nuclear and radiological threats and emergencies; and the organization of international forums to discuss biological risk management in relation to food and agriculture. daccess-ods.un.org |
代表说，文件特别集中在食品安全标准，增加 沿 食物链 的 控 制措施以及为什么需 要私营标准而不是公共标准。 codexalimentarius.org | The Representative said that the document focused [...] specifically on standards related to food safety, the drivers of [...] increased control along food chains and why there was [...]a need for private standards and not for public standards. codexalimentarius.org |
当应用于涵盖食物链的食品安 全的时候，危险性分析是一种国际 性的可接受的学科，且需要来自于食典委、它的上级组织和各国政府的正在给予的 [...] 和持续的支持，以促进在国际和国家水平上对它的理解和应用。 codexalimentarius.org | Risk analysis as [...] it applies to food safety across the food chain is an internationally [...]accepted discipline and will require [...]ongoing and sustained inputs from the CAC, its parent organisations and national governments to promote its understanding and application at the international and national levels. codexalimentarius.org |
(e) 减少用于制作鱼粉目的鱼类的比例，包括通过促进人类直接消费某些小 [...] 鱼和营养丰富的鱼；同时遏制富裕消费者对从处 于 食物链 高 端 的鱼类(例如金枪 鱼和鲑鱼或养殖的食肉物种如大虾)索取鱼类蛋白的需求，因为这种需求导致世 [...] 界各地过度开发海洋资源，以及考虑对可用于鱼粉目的的鱼类比例实行限制。 daccess-ods.un.org | Reduce the proportion of fish used for fishmeal purposes, including by promoting direct human consumption of some small and nutritious fish, curbing demand for [...] fish proteins from [...] fish higher up the food chain (such as tuna and [...]salmon or farmed carnivorous species such as prawns) by affluent [...]consumers, which leads to overexploitation of marine resources worldwide, and considering imposing restrictions on the proportion of fish that can be used for reduction purposes. daccess-ods.un.org |
在对世界动物卫生组织观察员的发言进行回应时，各代表团指出，加强与世界动 物卫生组织的合作对确保在食物链收 获前环节采用以风险为基础的方法十分重要，尤其 [...] 是在应对法典食品卫生委员会目前正在开展的动物产品微生物防治方面。 codexalimentarius.org | In replying to the statement of the Observer from the OIE, delegations pointed out that strengthened collaboration with OIE was important to ensure that the [...] risk-based approach be applied in the [...] pre-harvest sector of the food chain, especially in [...]addressing the control of microorganisms [...]in animal products, currently undertaken by the Committee on Food Hygiene. codexalimentarius.org |
文件中确定了四个重要的驱动因素：1) 食物链实际 存在和 /或外来的危险；2) 提高消费者和行业对食品安全的兴趣；3) [...] 全球化食品供应；4) 私营 结构在保障食品安全方面的责任。 codexalimentarius.org | Four key drivers had been identified [...] in the document: 1) real and/or [...] perceived risks along the food chain; 2) heightened [...]interest among consumers and businesses [...]for food safety matters; 3) the globalization of the food supply, and 4) the responsibility taken by the private sector in ensuring food safety. codexalimentarius.org |
据信，如果海洋酸化继续下去， 食物链就有 可能中断，对众多物种产生直接和间接的影响，从而威胁到粮食安 [...] 全，影响到全球数十亿人的海产饮食。 daccess-ods.un.org | If ocean acidification [...] continues, disruptions of food chains and direct and indirect [...]impacts on numerous species are considered likely with consequent [...]risk to food security, affecting the marine-based diets of billions of people worldwide. daccess-ods.un.org |
描述：在考虑到科学和技术发展的同时，审查和制定食品安全食典标准和相关文本以确保它们： [...] 强调横向的方法；对食品安全采用以危险性为基础和针对整 个 食物链 的 方法；并反映全球的变化 以避免超出必要的贸易限制，同时尊重食典委的基本目标，考虑对于所有成员国的技术的和经济 [...]的含义，以及发展中国家包括基础设施、资源、技术和法律的能力在内的特殊需要。 codexalimentarius.org | Description: Review and develop Codex standards and related texts for food safety, taking into account scientific and technological developments, to ensure that they: emphasize a horizontal approach; employ an approach to food [...] safety that is based on risk and that [...] addresses the entire food chain; and reflect [...]global variations so as to avoid being [...]more trade restrictive than necessary, while respecting the basic objectives of the CAC, taking into consideration the technical and economic implications for all members as well as the special needs of developing countries including infrastructure, resources and technical and legal capabilities. codexalimentarius.org |
粮农组织的代表告知食典委，根据要求，粮农组织和世卫组织与顾问签约，就此 问题对有关私营标准对食物链和公共标准制定程序的影响进行分析。 codexalimentarius.org | The Representative of FAO informed the Commission that, following this request, FAO and WHO had contracted consultants who had prepared a document on this subject [...] that provided an analysis of the impact of [...] private standards on the food chain and on the public [...]standard-setting process. codexalimentarius.org |
一旦沉积水中，汞在水生食物链中进 行生 物积累，可导致鱼类、贝类和海洋哺乳动物体内浓度过高。 daccess-ods.un.org | Once deposited in water, mercury [...] bio-accumulates in the aquatic food chain, which may lead [...]to high concentrations in fish, shellfish, and marine mammals. daccess-ods.un.org |
环境难民、农业产量的重大变化和农作 物损失，以及生境、食物链、生 物多样性和粮食安全的丧失等等问题，只是广泛 影响到全世界许多地区——中美洲和加勒比、撒哈拉以南非洲、南亚——的大问 [...] 题之中的一些例子，必须把全社会动员起来，在今后许多年采取多种应对措施。 daccess-ods.un.org | Issues such as environmental refugees, profound shifts in agricultural [...] yields and crop losses, and loss [...] of habitat, food chains, biodiversity, and food security were [...]only examples of problems so [...]pervasive and big, affecting so many parts of the world — Central America and the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia — that society itself needed to be mobilized for multiple responses over many years. daccess-ods.un.org |
但是，已有具体实例表明种群严重崩溃、关键种群生物量 [...] 历史低位的证据、生态系统相互作用认识的提高以及逐渐偏 向 食物链 更 低 的捕获 量。 fao.org | However, there have been specific instances of serious stock collapse, evidence of historically low biomasses of key [...] stocks, increasing awareness of ecosystem interactions and changing balances [...] towards harvesting lower in the food chain. fao.org |
东非贸易能力建设方案旨在更新与协调食品安全管 理框架，提高人们对食品安全标准/质量问题的认识，发 展 食物链 和 风 险分析， 在东非共同体国家提供检查和监督服务。 daccess-ods.un.org | The East Africa Trade Capacity-Building Programme aims at updating and harmonizing food safety regulatory [...] frameworks, raising [...] awareness on food safety standards/quality issues, developing food chain and risk analysis, [...]and providing inspection [...]surveillance services within the EAC countries. daccess-ods.un.org |
粮农组织代表，动物生产及卫生司司长兼营养及消费者保护司代理司长 Samuel Jutzi [...] 先生强调了食典标准的重要作用，这些标准可为政府提供指导以确保整 个 食物链 的食品安全，而且在发生食品安全危机的情况下尤其关系重大，他回顾了粮农组织和 [...]世卫组织如何通过国际食品安全当局网络和食品安全紧急预防系统在紧急情况中密切 合作。 codexalimentarius.org | The Representative of FAO, Mr Samuel Jutzi, Director, Animal Production and Health Division and Acting Director, Nutrition and Consumer Protection Division, stressed the importance of Codex standards to provide [...] guidance to governments in order [...] to ensure food safety throughout the food chain, and their special [...]relevance in cases of food [...]safety crisis, recalling how FAO and WHO cooperate closely in emergency situations through INFOSAN and EMPRES Food Safety. codexalimentarius.org |
第二部分强调目前正在实施的若干工作领 域，包括：粮农组织/世卫组织在一些区域开展的耐药性方面的联合工作；针对最近建立 粮农组织跨界动植物病虫害紧急防治系统 – 粮食安全计划来预防食品安全突发事件的活 动；世卫组织的食源性疾病负担和监控的工作计划；为开展基于风险的食品检查而进行 [...] 的能力建设，以及与政府和非政府机构为改 进 食物链 良 好 卫生操作规范而一直在进行的 工作。 codexalimentarius.org | Part 2 highlights selected areas of work currently under implementation including: the joint FAO/WHO work on antimicrobial resistance undertaken in several regions; activities focussed on the prevention of food safety emergencies through the recently established FAO EMPRES-Food Safety Programme; WHO’s programmes of work on surveillance and burden of foodborne disease; development of [...] capacities for implementing risk-based food inspection, and the ongoing work with governmental and non-governmental agencies to improve good [...] hygienic practices along the food chain. codexalimentarius.org |
此外，世界各大洋由于吸收了排放到大气中 26%的二氧化碳，正日益酸化， 既影响海洋食物链，也 影响到珊瑚礁的复原力。 daccess-ods.un.org | The world’s oceans are also becoming more acidic as a result of absorbing 26 [...] per cent of the carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere, [...] affecting both marine food chains and coral reef resilience. daccess-ods.un.org |
考虑到许许多多的挑战，尤其是这次灾害的空前规模，巴基斯坦政府和国际 社会有多项值得记载的成就：对这样大规模的灾害来说，死亡人数相当少；没有 [...] 记录到爆发任何重大疾病，这归功于立即采取应急行动应付洪水灾民的保健需 要；食物链没有 中断，因此能够满足数以百万计的人民的需要。 daccess-ods.un.org | Considering the multitude of challenges, not least of which is the unprecedented scale of the disaster, there are achievements of the Government of Pakistan and the international community that are worth recording: the death toll was relatively small for such a large-scale disaster; there was no major disease outbreak recorded, thanks to the immediate response [...] to the health needs of the affected [...] population; and the food chain was not broken and [...]was thus able to cater for millions of affected people’s needs. daccess-ods.un.org |
从长远来看，由于海洋生态系统和 食物链 多样 性遇到风险，维护渔业资源也受到影响。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the longer term, the maintenance of fishing resources because of the risk to ocean ecosystems [...] and diversity in the food chain are also affected. daccess-ods.un.org |
任何灾难都会对环境、我们的食物链 和 作 为多种 鱼类滋生地的环礁造成毁灭性影响。 daccess-ods.un.org | Any disaster could have a devastating effect on the [...] environment, our food chain and the surrounding [...]reefs that serve as breeding grounds for many fish species. daccess-ods.un.org |
总干事强调了对可追踪性/产品追踪采取协调一致的方法的重要性，以便采 用 食物 链方法 和确定初级动物生产与动物产品的食品安全性之间的联系。 codexalimentarius.org | The Director-General stressed the importance of a coordinated approach to [...] traceability/product tracing in order [...] to follow the food chain approach and establish a link between primary animal production and food safety of animal [...]products. codexalimentarius.org |
19.B. 工业污水排放，包括点源：有害物质，包括持久性有机污染物和重金属 [...] ——碳氢化合物——营养素——排放的规模(直接输入物和河流输入物及大气传 输)——处理程度——影响的性质，包括通 过 食物链 对 人 体健康的影响——预计 未来十年的发展情况。 daccess-ods.un.org | 19.B. Industrial discharges, including point sources: hazardous substances, including persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals — hydrocarbons — nutrients — scale of discharges (direct and riverine inputs and atmospheric transport) — degree of treatment [...] — nature of impact, including impacts on [...] human health through food chain — projected developments [...]over the next decade. daccess-ods.un.org |
在增强食典委制定广泛应用于一系列商品的以危 [...] 险性和实效为基础的标准和相关文本的战略重点方面，食典委必须对建立一套 连贯的、完整的覆盖整个食物链的食 品 标准予以优先考虑。 codexalimentarius.org | In strengthening the strategic focus of the CAC in the development of standards and related texts based on risk and performance for broad application across a range of commodities, [...] the CAC must give priority to establishing a coherent and [...] integrated set of food standards covering the entire food chain. codexalimentarius.org |
来自世界动物卫生组织（OIE）的观察员提及 CAC/32 [...] INF/4 文件中的信息，提供 了 OIE 活动的概要，特别是共同关心问题和 OIE 与 Codex 正在进行的合作，强调了动物 健康在生产水平对食物链安全的影响。 codexalimentarius.org | The Observer from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), referring to information in CAC/32 INF/4, provided a summary of OIE activities with particular reference to the mutual interests and ongoing collaboration of OIE [...] and Codex, which was essential given [...] the impact of animal health at the production level on safety along the food chain. codexalimentarius.org |
翼足类在南极的食物链中 发挥着很重要的作用，包括鱼类在内的许多生 物以它们为食。有孔虫和翼足类均可将大气中 [...] 的碳长期储存到深海，直接的途径是它们死后 碳酸钙的外壳落入深海，间接的途径是它们的 外壳可以作为压舱物将其它动物尸体中的有机 碳带到海底。 medsea-project.eu | Pteropods play important [...] roles in Antarctic food webs, feeding many organisms, including [...]fish; they help create a long term [...]storage of atmospheric carbon to the deep ocean on their death through their shells acting as a ballast to carry organic carbon of the dead animals to the ocean floor. medsea-project.eu |
海洋底栖生物在海洋食物链中起 着重要的作 用，并为渔业提供重要的饵料来源。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In this regard, it is highly unlikely that every organization will choose to use the same database software to manage their data, so standard protocols for data exchange will be needed which can be overlaid on both existing and future software packages. unesdoc.unesco.org |
食典委，在鼓励其 [...] 成员国使用相关法典标准的同时，强烈鼓励粮农组织和世卫组织继续促进以国际原 则和准则为基础的国家管理体系并针 对 食物链 的 所 有部分。 codexalimentarius.org | The Commission, while encouraging members to use relevant Codex standards, strongly encourages FAO and WHO to continue to promote national [...] regulatory systems that are based on international principles and guidelines and [...] address all components of the food chain. codexalimentarius.org |
这 些生物均在海洋中扮演着重要的角色，例如珊 瑚礁构成一个三维的框架，多种生物居住其中， [...] 还扮演着海岸保护网的角色；还有些生物是海 洋食物链及海洋生物地球化学循环的关键组成 部分（如含碳酸钙的浮游生物及翼足目动物）。 medsea-project.eu | These species play key roles in the ocean either because they build three-dimensional structures, such as coral reefs, which host a considerable biodiversity and act as coastal [...] protection, or because they are key [...] components of the marine food chain and the ocean’s [...]biogeochemical cycles (e.g. calcareous plankton, pteropods). medsea-project.eu |
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