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External sources (not reviewed)

[...] [...] torture was used toextract falseconfessions.

It is also an offence under the Penal Code for anyone to cause hurt to or wrongfully confine a person for the purpose of extorting a confession or any information, which may lead to the detection of an offence.

The Special Rapporteur on the question of torture60and CAT61 expressed concern about the numerous and consistent allegations of the widespread use of torture and illtreatment in police custody and about allegations of torture and ill-treatment being used to extractconfessions orinformation asevidence in criminal proceedings.

There are numerous methods of prevention that have been developed in the past, which, if adequately implemented by States, could easily eradicate torture: abolition of secret and incommunicado detention; proper registration of every detainee from the moment of arrest or apprehension; prompt access to legal counsel within 24 hours; access to relatives; prompt access to an independent judge; presumption of innocence; prompt and independent medical examination of all detainees; video/audio recording of all interrogations; no detention under the control of the interrogators or investigators for more than 48 hours; prompt, impartial and effective investigation of all allegations or suspicions of torture; inadmissibility of evidence obtained under torture; and effective training of all officials involved in the custody, interrogation and medical care of detainees.

As noted above, however, if a confession is obtained byoppression or in unreliable circumstances (or if evidence is required to be excluded by some other rule of law) it must be excluded and there is no discretion not to exclude it (see section 78(2)).

The liquidator may, with the like authority, vest any part of the assets in trustees upon such trusts for the benefit of members as the liquidator, with the likeauthority, shall think fit, but so that no contributory shall be compelled to accept any shares or other property in respect of which there is a liability.

They aim at reducing poverty providing support and information services to young migrants, at developing advocacy about migration issues and, most ofall,at supporting policy design.

[...] [...] conduciveto confessions obtained under torture or [...]

[...] and persecute believersinsidethe country.

Moreover, in paragraph 6 (c), the Council urges States to “ensure that no statement established to have been made as a result of torture is invoked as evidence in any proceedings, except against a person accused of torture as evidence that the statement wasmade”.

[...] [...] to extract confessions; the various [...][...]

Strongly urges States to ensure that no statement that is established to have been made as a result of torture is invoked as evidence in any proceedings, except against a person accused of torture as evidence that the statement was made, and calls upon States to consider extending that prohibition to statements made as a result of other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and recognizes that adequate corroboration of statements, including confessions, used as evidence in any proceedings constitutes one safeguard for the prevention of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment

[...] [...] subjected to by the police seeking his confession.

These individuals also stated that, while in the custody of security agents, they were beaten and tortured by interrogators and jailers for the purposes of extracting a confession or in order to humiliate them.

These include claims of beatings during interrogation, torture by electric shocks, forced confessions, secret detention facilities, and a lack of medical attention.

[...] [...] include the provision of a wide array of training programmes designed to build and sustain the Organization’s leadership and managerial capacity; improve the human and financial resources management expertise of programme managers and staff with administrative responsibilities; upgrade the information technology [...][...]

[...] [...] and whether any officials have been prosecuted and punished for extracting suchconfessions.

[...] [...] information and knowledge in the public domain and to make them accessible to all, as well as to undertake the preservation and digitization of publicdomain informationheld bygovernments.

Therefore, believersshould not be surprised [...]

Article 7.9.1.eof the United Nations Procurement Manual requires that vendors be formally registered in the vendor database once the procurement office has ensuredthat the vendor fulfils [...][...]

A number of specific comments were made as follows: the reference of the Code on the Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes is important; the Code should be generic and focus on the protection of consumers in countries which do not have adequate control measures for food quality; the Code should concentrate on the core provisions in Article 3 and should not be used to resolve issues dealing with compliance, which should beaddressed bythe CCFICS; the problem of illiteracy in some developing countries may be a challenge in order to provide consumerinformation and raise their awareness on food safety issues; and the Code should not reiterate existing provisions in Codex texts or the WTO agreements.

The source reiterates that the primary fair trial concern that remains after the final Supreme Court judgement is that the convictions still appear to be based in part on confessions made by the three individuals, who were at the time children, which they have alleged to have been extracted as a result of torture or other ill-treatment.

Moreover, when the military criminal justice system is applied to civilians, the outcome is convictions obtained on the basis of proceedings vitiated by abuses of all kinds in which not only does the right to a defence become a chimera,but much of the evidence is obtained by means of torture or cruel and inhuman treatment.

In that connection, the Attorney General has proposed that special attention be paid to human rights offences, including torture, inflicting bodily injury while performing a public function, using force to obtain statements, hostage-taking, prosecution of innocent persons, genocide and war crimes, as set out in the decision mentioned above.

(c) Information technology ($2,644,500), owing to a number of factors, including non-implementation of planned activities for system development by the Office of Information and Communications Technology, vacancies with respect to contractual services personnel associated with ongoing information and communications technology operational support in the Department of Field Support, inadvertent recording of technology charges for the period 2010/11 in the financial period 2011/12 in the Department of Management and non-procurement of software for the new case management system in the Office of Internal Oversight Services owing to deficiencies detected in the testing phase.

[...] [...] case studieson localgovernance in [...][...]

[...] [...] do soin accessible formats for [...]