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External sources (not reviewed)

With the introduction of free antiretroviral medicine, the death rate had also dropped.

All the indigenous communities have free access to health facilities and antiretroviral medicine is offered to them free of charge.

All Namibians have access to health facilities and antiretroviral medicine is offered free of charge.

The identification of HIV was a prerequisite for the antiretroviral treatment we have available today, as well as improved prevention strategies.

It defines the problem as the inability of these countries to use compulsory licensing to obtain needed pharmaceuticals from a producer located in their territory.

By the end of 2009, approximately 87 per cent of refugees in need of antiretroviral treatment had access to it, and 75 per cent of pregnant women had access to prevention of mother-to-child transmission programmes.

[...] [...] laboratory technique Reverse Transcriptase-Protein Reaction.

The minimum annual costs of ARV therapies, even at deeply discounted or generic prices which do not cover R&D costs, far exceed the annual health expenditure per capita of most developing countries.

In the framework of the strategy, a system will be developed to make access to both TB and ARV medicines as easy as possible for patients.

The treatment of HIV with antiretrovirals (ARVs), or drugs to treat opportunistic infections associated with the disease, raises the affordability issue acutely.

[...] [...] standard-dose multivitamin supplements, but did result in the adverse effect of increased levels of a certain liver enzyme, according to a study in the Oct. 17 issue of JAMA.

[...] [...] “Treatment with antiretroviral medicine specific [...] [...]

The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that fewer than 5% of those who require treatment for HIV/AIDS are receiving ARVs.

The Commission also noted that many countries were scaling up their HIV responses, including through strengthening their human resources capacity, enhancing legal frameworks and assistance, and providing affordable antiretroviral treatment.

[...] [...] counselling and testing and antiretroviral therapy adherence counselling [...] [...]

The delegation of the Islamic Republic of Iran was of the view that affordable antiretroviral treatment (generic drugs) should be provided to all people living with HIV, including through assistance by developed countries, and that intellectual property rights should not hinder access to such treatment.

[...] such as anti-retroviral drugs, and development [...] [...]

As the world’s leader in the production of generic drugs, India has taken the lead in providing affordable, first-line antiretroviral drugs used to treat people living with HIV.

In order to help allay concerns about delivery mechanisms for AIDS drugs, the WHO has this year produced the first treatment guidelines for using ARVs in poor settings and issued a list of manufacturers and products (including eleven ARVs) which meet WHO quality standards as suppliers to UN agencies.

For instance, between July 2000 and April 2002 the annual cost of a branded triple therapy ARV combination fell from over $10000 to just over $700 for selected groups of consumers.

One of our studies indicated that or 12 drugs covering a range of conditions US prices range from four to 56 times the price of equivalent formulations in India, and yet still a large number of people in India cannot obtain access to them.47 However, studies of multinational company pricing policies (mainly for ARVs) indicate that until recently there was remarkably little correlation between the price of the same drug and a country’s per capita income.

[...] [...] treatment from 1000 to 50000 patients if [...] [...]

Given various statistical data on the dynamic nature of health in Namibia, the Government is fully informed that the Millennium Development Goal to reduce child mortality by two thirds by 2015 can only be achieved if national mortality is halved during the same period (Republic of Namibia, 2007; road map:4); and that without nutritional surveillance and promotion of maternal and child nutrition, as well as improving the national status of nutrition among the vulnerable groups (particularly women, children, and people living with HIV/AIDS); prevention of HIV transmission from mother to the unborn child through the use of antiretroviral treatment; and improvement of the infrastructure for health services, Millennium Development Goals 3, 4, 5, and 6 may not be achieved by 2015 (OECD, 2008:488; Republic of Namibia, 2010:3-4; Republic of Namibia, 2008.

[...] [...] antiretroviral therapy to all patients with tuberculosis/HIV coinfection with a CD4 count below 350 cells/mm3; the provision of antiretroviral therapy to all infants under one year of age with confirmed HIV status; the provision of mother-to-child prophylaxis for all pregnant women from 14 weeks of pregnancy; the provision of full antiretroviral therapy for all pregnant women with a CD4 count below [...] [...]