| 单词 | 退耕还林 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 退耕还林 —restoring agricultural land forestSee also:退还 adj—refundable adj • non-refundable 退还—send back • rebate • return (sth borrowed etc)
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1985 年为保护草原及实现畜牧业现代 [...] 化和商品化而通过的《草原法》，现在得到了一系列政策和方案的补充，包括退 牧还草和退耕还林政策。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Grassland Law adopted in 1985 both in order to protect grassland and in order to modernize the animal husbandry industry towards commodification has now been complemented by a range of policies and [...] programmes, including tuimu huancao (“removing animals to grow grass”) and tuigeng [...] huanlin (“returning farmland to forest”). daccess-ods.un.org |
1985 年通过的《草原法》现在得到了“退 牧还草”和“退耕还林”等一系列政策和方案的补充，这是1999 [...] 年“西部大开 发战略”的一部分。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Grassland Law adopted in 1985 has been complemented by a range of policies and programmes, including tuimu huancao (―removing animals to [...] grow grass‖) and tuigeng huanlin [...] (―returning farmland to forest‖), which are part [...]of the 1999 Western Development Strategy (xibu da kaifa). daccess-ods.un.org |
正如有的 [...] 学者指出，中央政府的诸如为环保而下拨的 “ 退耕还林 ” 款 项会被转用于基础建 设，因为地方政府需要它来招商引资（王汉生、王一鸽 [...]2008；周学光 2010；Huang 2010）。 lishiyushehui.cn | As others have pointed out, centrally allocated funds for [...] something like “reforestation” are often redirected [...]to infrastructural construction [...](roads, electricity) in order to draw in businesses and investments (Wang Hansheng and Wang Yige, 2009; Zhou Xueguang, 2010; Huang, 2010). lishiyushehui.cn |
一些专家还说， 就技术因素以及发展为可持续森林管理创造收入的市场两者而言，降低毁林和森 林退化产 生的排放方面仍然存在很多不确定性。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some experts also stated that considerable uncertainties remained with regard to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, in terms of both technical factors and the development of a market that would generate revenue for sustainable forest management. daccess-ods.un.org |
植树造林和重新造林、更好的土地管理做法(例如，保 护 性 耕作以及在退化的农 田和牧场恢复农林业)以 及更好的畜牧业管理做法，均可极大地促进碳排放量减少。 daccess-ods.un.org | Afforestation and reforestation, better land [...] management practices, such as conservation tillage and agroforestry rehabilitation of degraded crop and pasture land and better livestock [...]management [...]practices, can all contribute significantly to reducing carbon emissions. daccess-ods.un.org |
80 个国家农田 大规模并购的第二位原因。此外还有 人 担心，一些国家专注于生物燃料生产，从 而导致这些国家不大适宜实施毁林和 森 林退 化 所 致排放问题减少战略，通过森林 保护改进炭固存，无法从中获得经济上的好处。 daccess-ods.un.org | It is also feared that some countries’ focus on biofuel production and the resulting deforestation could reduce these countries’ suitability to capture financial benefits for Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) strategies aimed at improving carbon sequestration through forest preservation. daccess-ods.un.org |
如同能源的情况一样，现在已经有了已知能够确保更可持续 的 耕 作 和森 林管理 、防止土地侵蚀和严格限制农业对水的污染的技术，不 过 还 需 要 在创新和 知识分享方面做很多工作，才能根据当地情况将这些技术加以变通应用。 daccess-ods.un.org | As with regard to energy, technologies do exist that are known [...] to ensure more [...] sustainable farming and forestry management, prevention of land erosion and strict limits on water pollution by agriculture, but a great deal more innovation and knowledge-sharing is needed to [...]allow for their adaptation to local conditions. daccess-ods.un.org |
教育部门还应对 了该双年度期间出现的各种重大挑战，尤其是全球经济的严重 衰退 和前途的变幻莫测。 unesdoc.unesco.org | It also responded to key challenges that emerged during the biennium, in particular the severe global economic downturn and uncertainty [...] about the future. unesdoc.unesco.org |
森林论坛在其第七届会议上，还通过 了联合国森林论坛 2007-2015 年期间多 年工作方案3 中要求 2009 年第八届会议处理“变化环境中的森林”的问题，包 括“森林与生物多样性养护”、“扭转森林覆盖面丧失的趋势，防止所有类型森林 的森林退化， 防治荒漠化，包括在森林覆盖率低的国家”和“森林与气候变化” 这些主题。 daccess-ods.un.org | At its seventh [...] session the Forum also adopted its multi-year programme of work for the period 2007-2015,3 which calls for the eighth session in 2009 to address “forests in a changing environment”, including the themes “forests and biodiversity conservation, including protected areas”, “reversing the loss of forest cover, preventing forest degradation in all types of [...]forests and combating desertification, [...]including low forest cover countries”, and “forests and climate change”. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，专家们强调了小岛屿发展中国家面临的 [...] 特殊挑战以及需要确保森林覆盖率高且毁林率较低的国家从降低毁林和 森 林退 化产生的排放制度中得益。 daccess-ods.un.org | Furthermore, experts highlighted the particular challenges facing small island developing States and the need to ensure that countries with high forest [...] cover with low rates of deforestation benefited from schemes to reduce emissions from [...] deforestation and forest degradation. daccess-ods.un.org |
需要对区域和国家一级的农业和渔业研究及农村基础设施提供新投资，推广 良好的耕种和 捕捞作业及创新的可持续技术 ， 还 需 要 营销指导、有序和有效的融 资及更大程度的土地保有权保障，包括女性农民对土地的获取和控制，不论她们 婚姻状况如何。 daccess-ods.un.org | New investments are required in regional and national agricultural and fishery research and rural infrastructure, extension of better farming and fishing practices and innovative and sustainable technologies, as well as marketing advice, structured and effective finance and greater tenure security, including access to and control over land by female farmers irrespective of their marital status. daccess-ods.un.org |
据联合国环境规划署 称，过去 60 [...] 年来的冲突中有 40%的根源是涉及自然资 源的问题，无论是木材、石油、耕地 还 是 水 源。 daccess-ods.un.org | According to the United Nations Environment Programme, 40 per cent of the [...] conflicts of the past 60 years are rooted in issues involving natural resources, [...] be it timber, oil, arable land or water. daccess-ods.un.org |
其他不利因素还包括：耕种季节出现异常高温造成嫁接植株的抵抗力下降； 和/或管理做法不当，如提供足量的有机物质、作物密度和水的恰当使用等方面。 multilateralfund.org | Other unfavourable factors included: reduced resistance of [...] grafted plants due to unusually high temperatures during the [...]cropping season; and/or poor management operations such as the supply of organic matter in adequate amounts, the cropping density, and proper use of water. multilateralfund.org |
为防止进一步的土地退化，正在发 展农业的良好做法，包括植树造林、 为 保护 可 耕 地 设 立屏障和改善灌溉系统。 daccess-ods.un.org | In order to [...] prevent further land degradation, good agriculture practices have been developed, including afforestation, the settingup of barriers to protect arable land and the improvement [...]of irrigation systems. daccess-ods.un.org |
除造成普遍贫穷外，荒漠化最显著的影响是造成总面积达 33 亿公顷的牧场 退化，占牧场面积的 73%，有可能降低对人类和动物的负担能力；约 [...] 47%的旱地 地区的土壤肥沃性和土壤结构退化，这些旱地地区是偶尔靠雨水灌溉的耕地；占 旱地地区 30%的灌溉耕地退化，这些地区人口密集，有农业潜力。 daccess-ods.un.org | The most obvious impact of desertification, in addition to producing widespread poverty, is the degradation of 3.3 billion hectares of the total area of rangeland, constituting 73 per cent of the rangeland with a low potential for human and animal carrying capacity; the decline in soil fertility and soil structure on about 47 per cent of the dryland [...] areas constituting marginal [...] rain-fed cropland; and the degradation of irrigated cropland, amounting [...]to 30 per cent of the dryland [...]areas with high population density and agricultural potential. daccess-ods.un.org |
在常绿的森林，灌丛，灌丛丛林， 河岸 ， 耕 地 的 路旁，边缘的石灰的土地，空旷地上的通常； 300-1800米四川，云南 [印度东北部，？ flora.ac.cn | Often on calcareous soils, clearings of evergreen forests, thickets, scrub jungle, river banks, roadsides, margins of cultivated land; 300-1800 m. Sichuan, Yunnan [NE India, ? flora.ac.cn |
实地一级(耕地、牧场、林地或其他土地 上)的措施，可保持或提高受退化影响或 易发生退化的地区土地的生产能力 (包括 预防或降低土壤侵蚀、板结和盐度；土 壤水分保持或排水；保持或提高土壤肥 力，等等)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Sustainable land management (SLM) technology An intervention at the field level (on [...] cropland, grazing land, forest land, or other land) which maintains or enhances the productive capacity of the land in areas affected by or prone to degradation (including prevention [...]or reduction of [...]soil erosion, compaction and salinity; conservation or drainage of soil water; maintenance or improvement of soil fertility, etc.). daccess-ods.un.org |
“其他土地”包括裸露的土壤、岩石、冰和不属 于 林 地 、 耕 地 、草 场、湿地或住区类别的所有地域。 daccess-ods.un.org | (g) “Other land” includes bare soil, [...] rock, ice and all land areas which do [...] not fall under the forest land, cropland, grassland, [...]wetlands or settlements categories. daccess-ods.un.org |
(e) 将森林退化纳入 REDD 机制；森林退化的 定义应联系森林土地损失的 碳储存；在制订评估退化的方法方面 ， 还 需 做 进一步工作(小岛屿国家 联盟，MISC.5/Add.2)；制定国家参 考排放水平的方式应灵活(小岛屿 国家联盟、苏里南、MISC.5/Add.2)。 daccess-ods.un.org | (e) Including forest degradation in the REDD mechanism; the definition of forest degradation should relate to the loss of carbon stocks in forest land; further work is required to develop methodologies for assessing degradation (AOSIS, MISC.5/Add.2); [...] approaches [...]to establish national reference levels should be flexible (AOSIS, Suriname, MISC.5/Add.2). daccess-ods.un.org |
如果第一阶段所包含的任何企业决定采用除碳氢化合物以外的其他技术，与改变技术 有关的一切费用节省都将退还多边 基金。 multilateralfund.org | In the event that any enterprise covered in stage I decides to introduce a technology [...] other than hydrocarbon, any savings associated with the change of [...] technology will be returned to the Multilateral Fund. multilateralfund.org |
28 由于其广袤的森林，不丹吸 收的碳排放少于其排放量，并在哥 本哈根第十五届缔约方大会上自愿 宣布不丹计划永远保持不出现净碳 排放，并将起到净碳汇的作用。29 不丹的森林还提供了高质量水源 的可靠供应，可用于多种目的，其 中包括水电，这是不丹经济的最 大产业（占该国国内生产总值的 尼泊尔社区森林方案启动于二十世 纪七十年代，以遏制喜马拉雅山森 林退化危机，当时主要侧重以保护 为主题，难以满足人口对薪柴、家 畜饲料和木材的需求。 worldfuturecouncil.org | The protected areas are home to indigenous peoples and many sociallyoriented forest schemes have been launched.28 Due to its vast forest areas, Bhutan absorbs more emissions than it [...] emits and declared [...] voluntarily at the COP 15 conference in Copenhagen its intention of remaining forever carbon neutral, serving as a net carbon sink.29 Bhutan’s forests also provide a reliable supply of quality water, used amongst other things for the generation of hydropower, which is the single biggest contributor [...]to the economy [...](24 % of the country’s GDP).30 ‘Policies to change the world’ are those that meet the Future Just Lawmaking Principles and significantly support fair conditions for future generations. worldfuturecouncil.org |
备选1 ：为核算土地利用、土地利用的变化和林业的温室气体排放量和清除 量，缔约方应核算林地、耕地、 草地、湿地和住区的人为温室气体源排放量和汇 清除量以及从土地利用类别林地、耕 地 、 草地、湿地和住区的土地利用变化产生 的温室气体源排放量和汇清除量。 daccess-ods.un.org | 2. Option 1: For the purpose of accounting greenhouse gas emissions and removals from [...] land use, land-use change and forestry, a Party shall account for anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and [...] removals by sinks on forest land, cropland, grassland, wetlands and settlements as well as greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from land-use changes from the land-use categories forest land, cropland, grassland, [...]wetlands or settlements [...]to any other land-use category. daccess-ods.un.org |
意大利也通知执行委员会，经 与作为执行机构的工发组织协商后，意大利将不 再 退还 塞 尔 维亚项目（YUG/SOL/56/INV/33） 的 8,991 美元的余额。 multilateralfund.org | Italy also informed the Committee that after consultations with UNIDO as implementing agency, it would no longer return the balance of US $8,991 against the project in Serbia (YUG/SOL/56/INV/33). multilateralfund.org |
只有符合下面两个条件时，社 会保险金才会如数退还：劳 动局委派的人在 过去12个月内进行全日制工作，并且在未来 [...] 12个月雇员仍被雇佣。 paiz.gov.pl | The amount can be reimbursed only after the [...] fulfilment of two conditions: that the person delegated by the Labour Office [...]is employed in a full-time position within the next 12 months and that the employee is still employed after this time. paiz.gov.pl |
为核算的目的，承诺期内在林地、耕 地 、 草地、湿地或住区上发生的土地利 用变化产生的温室气体源排放量和汇清除量应在土地所转换成的土地类别下报 告。 daccess-ods.un.org | For the purpose of accounting, greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from land use change occurring on forest land, cropland, grassland, wetland or settlement during the commitment period shall be reported under the land category to which the land has been converted. daccess-ods.un.org |
(c) 关于土地标准价和土地购置的第1308号法律(1997年7月25日通过)是适 用于下列情况的主要法律文书：(a)土地购置包括私有化建筑占用的土地或正在 [...] 私有化的土地、私有企业的土地以及未完工建筑占用的土地；(b)依照股东(创始 [...] 人)的决定以及与土地所有权人签订的协议中规定的未完工建筑占用的公共土地 以其法定资本价值参股房屋建设项目；(c)占 用 耕 地 或 林 地 、农用土地流转以及 将耕地和林地转为其他类土地；(d)强迫转让土地；(e)租赁关系。 daccess-ods.un.org | (c) The law on the normative price and the purchase of land, No. 1308 from 25.07.1997 is the main legal document which is applied to cases of (a) purchase of land, including lands of privatised buildings or which are in the process of privatisation, of the lands of private enterprises, as well as the lands of unfinished constructions; (b) inclusion of the value of the public property lands of unfinished buildings and constructions specified at letter a) in their statutory capital, following the decision of the share holders (founders) and with the agreement of the land owner, as a participation share in the building or construction; (c) [...] exclusion of the lands from [...] the category of agricultural lands and forest lands, as well as from the agricultural [...]circulation, and their [...]transferral to other categories of land; (d) forced alienation of lands; (e) lease relations. daccess-ods.un.org |
国家减贫战 略 确 定 了这项 工 作的障碍并建 立了政治平台 ， 目 的是增 加 [...] 农村地 区居民的收 入，主要从土地、供 水 、 耕 作、林业、 渔业和 交 通方面着 手 。 daccess-ods.un.org | The national strategies to reduce poverty had defined barriers and set political platform with goals in order to [...] increase income for the people who lived in rural areas: [...] land, water, farming, forestry, fisheries, and transportation. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些措施的目的是通过住 [...] 所的途径确保住所的提供，确保获得住所的机会，改善目标群体的住房条件，解 决生活在已经退还先前 合法房东的所谓被迫房客的住房问题，完美生活补助制 [...] 度，改善法律环境，提高行政管理能力。 daccess-ods.un.org | The aim of the measures is to ensure availability of dwellings through improving access to dwellings, opportunities for acquiring dwellings, improving the dwelling conditions of target groups, solving the problem of [...] dwelling of so-called forced tenants living [...] in dwellings returned to previous [...]lawful owners, improving the system of subsistence [...]benefits, improving the legal environment and raising administrative capacity. daccess-ods.un.org |
她介绍了行预咨委会关于埃厄特派团经费筹措 的 报 告 (A/64/660/Add.1)，并说秘书长在其报告 (A/64/586 和 [...] Corr.1)中，建议大会向会员国退还贷 记款 9 353 300 美元，即 2007/08 [...]财政年度期间贷 记款结余中特派团特别账户内的可用现金净额；注意 [...]到来自 2007/08 财政年度期间、应贷记会员国账下的 结余为 5 383 100 美元和来自 2008/09 年财政期间、 应贷记会员国账下的款项为 9 361 600 美元；推迟到 第六十五届会议再决定如何处理共计 14 744 700 美 元的数额，其中包括这两个财政期间应贷记的结余。 daccess-ods.un.org | Introducing the Advisory Committee’s report on the financing of UNMEE (A/64/660/Add.1), she said that, in his report (A/64/586 and Corr.1), the [...] SecretaryGeneral recommended that the General [...] Assembly should return credits to Member [...]States in the amount of $9,353,300, representing [...]the net cash available in the Special Account of the Mission from the balance of credits in respect of the 2007/08 financial period; take note of the amount of $5,383,100, representing the remaining balance of credits due to Member States from the 2007/08 period, and of the amount of $9,361,600, representing credits due to Member States from the 2008/09 period; and defer until its sixty-fifth session a decision on the treatment of the total amount of $14,744,700, comprising the balance of credits due from both periods. daccess-ods.un.org |
(a) 承担实施所参与的规划和计划的全部财务和管理责任；如系资助，一俟项目结 束，即应向总干事递交有关项目实施的详细财务报表，证明拨款已用于该项目 的实施，并应将未用于项目的任何余 款 退还 教 科 文组织；不言而喻，任何申请 方如未就总干事先前批准的、已在 2006 年 12 月 31 日前拨付的资金使用情况， 提交由该国全国委员会秘书长签署并经主管当局核证的所有财务报告，则不得 享受新的资助。 unesdoc.unesco.org | (a) assume full financial and administrative responsibility for implementing the plans and programmes for which participation is provided; in the case of a financial contribution, submit to the Director-General at the close of the project an itemized statement accounting for the activities executed and certifying that the funds allocated have been used for the implementation of the project, and return to UNESCO any balance not used for project purposes, it being understood that no new financial contribution will be paid until the applicant has submitted all the financial reports certified by the Secretary-General of the National Commission in respect of contributions previously approved by the Director-General and for which payments were effected prior to 31 December 2006, and which have been certified by the competent authority. unesdoc.unesco.org |
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