| 单词 | 边际成本 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 边际成本 —marginal costSee also:边际—limit • bound 边际 n—boundary n 成本 n—cost n • costs pl 成本—(manufacturing, production etc) costs
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为进一步确 [...] 保支助绿色生产的政策领域有一个公平的竞争环境，必须订立补偿方案，以弥补 发展中国家采用清洁技术的边际成本。 daccess-ods.un.org | To further ensure a level playing field in the area of policies supporting green production, compensatory schemes [...] will have to be established to cover the [...] incremental costs of introducing cleaner [...]technologies in developing countries. daccess-ods.un.org |
能够确保污染控制的边际成本, 但是它不 能确保实现某一特定的排放水平。 undpcc.org | They tend to expand the subsidized industry, relative An emissions [...] tax provides some assurance [...] regarding the marginal cost of pollution control, but it does [...]not ensure a particular level of emissions. undpcc.org |
鉴于许多高级别的系统性要素并未因“一体行动”而改变，加 强国家一级协调的边际成本越来越高。 daccess-ods.un.org | Since so many highlevel systemic elements have not [...] been changed for “Delivering as one”, the marginal cost of enhanced [...]country-level coordination is increasing. daccess-ods.un.org |
该项目的目的是建立数字地理信息数据库，确保空间解析度为 1 公尺(比例尺 1:1 百万)，标准化规格，以边际成本提供 给每一个人。 daccess-ods.un.org | The project is aimed at the development of digital geoinformation framework data sets ensuring [...] spatial resolution at 1 km (scale of 1:1 million), with standardized [...] specifications, available to all at marginal cost. daccess-ods.un.org |
实现最佳程度的保证，意味着要平衡保证程度提高所涉 的边际成本与查不出结果和查验失败的代价和后果。 daccess-ods.un.org | Achieving an optimal degree of assurance meant balancing the marginal cost of increased assurance with the costs and consequences of nondetection and detection failures. daccess-ods.un.org |
儿基会还与世界银行合作，开始制定 “教育平等模拟模式”其中包括改善受排斥儿童群体接受教育的机会和学习成绩 [...] 的有效战略数据库，还包括制定这类干预措施(解决供需两方面的问 题 ) 边际成本 的项目手段。 daccess-ods.un.org | In collaboration with the World Bank, UNICEF also began developing a “simulation for equity in education” model, which includes a database of effective strategies for improving both access and learning outcomes for groups [...] of excluded children, as well as a means [...] to project the marginal costs of such interventions [...](addressing both demand and supply). daccess-ods.un.org |
这表示，中国木材生产的‘真正’ 边际成本可 能 比现行市价高出近三倍，远超禁止伐木导致的适度价格上涨。 teebweb.org | This suggests [...] that the ‘true’ marginal cost of timber production [...]in China may have been almost three times greater than [...]the prevailing market price, far more than the modest price increase that resulted from the logging ban. teebweb.org |
本地重要作物物种的多样化；(c) 能够获得信贷和养分；(d) 通过透明的价格形成机制和正常运作的市场支持农村 [...] 的各种谋生手段，目标是提高小农的盈利能力，帮助确保农产品出场价格高于当 地生产的边际成本 daccess-ods.un.org | Other policy options include (a) improving the security of tenure and access to land, germplasm and other resources; (b) diversification with locally important crop species; (c) access to credit and nutrients; (d) supporting rural livelihoods by transparent price formation and functioning markets with the objectives of improving small farm [...] profitability and helping ensure that farm-gate prices [...] are above marginal costs of local production; [...]and (e) strengthening social safety nets.92 50. daccess-ods.un.org |
因此，一个公司的大小取决于其进一步扩大公司组织 的 边际成本 相 对于 lishiyushehui.cn | Information, negotiations, contracting, enforcement, and settling disputes all require costs, and firms arise to [...] organize individual producers in order to minimize the contracting and [...] subcontracting costs that would otherwise be incurred. lishiyushehui.cn |
由于许多 高层次的系统性要素没有改变，在国家一级加强协调 的 边际成本 正 在 增加。 daccess-ods.un.org | Since many high-level systemic elements have not been changed, the marginal cost of enhanced coordination at the country level is increasing. daccess-ods.un.org |
其目的是使投资国和东道国 [...] 双方都能获益，既促进发展中国家东道国的可持续发展，也使投资国能够利用发 展中国家较低的减排边际成本，以 尽可能最低的成本实现他们的减排目标。 daccess-ods.un.org | Its purpose is to benefit both the investor and the host countries by contributing to sustainable development in the host developing countries and by allowing investor countries to meet their emissions reduction targets [...] at the lowest possible cost by taking [...] advantage of the lower marginal cost of reducing [...]emissions in developing countries. daccess-ods.un.org |
农业企业公司之所以 存在便是为了把这些不同部分整合于单一个公司，借此来节省交易成本，而其规模 则取决于进一步扩大公司与分别在市场上交易间的不 同 边际成本 。 （ Coase 1990: 尤见第一章）5 在西方的经济史中，如此的由生产到加工到销售的“纵向一体化”一般都伴随 着同一公司的“横向一体化”——组织大规模农场——而进行，由此达到斯密型的 规模经济效益。 lishiyushehui.cn | Agribusiness enterprises, therefore, might be seen as organizations that exist to bring such different parts under a single firm, in order to minimize such transaction costs, with the size of the firm being determined by relative marginal costs for further expansions of the firm as opposed to separate contracting on the free market (Coase, 1990: chap. 1; Coase, 1991).4 In the economic history of the West, such “vertical integration” from production up through processing and marketing, by a firm, was generally accompanied by what might be termed “horizontal integration” by the same firm, in which large farms are organized to accomplish, once again, the classic Smithian economies of scale. lishiyushehui.cn |
若项目的减排边际成本高于认证减排量的 市场价格，则此项目没有经济效益，即使合乎清洁 发展机制的条件也不会被实施。若减 排 边际成本相 比 较低于认证减排量的价格，且规模可能会很大， 此项目可能会降低认证减排量的价格，并取代许多 其他种类的清洁发展机制项目。 undpcc.org | Half of this amount will be used to fund sustainable undpcc.org |
据指出，当管理人员在资源严重紧张的情况下考虑替换冷风机时，相 比 边际成本 节约 项目（例如，替换冷风机），会优先实施更加重要更具潜力的创收项目（例如翻新旅 馆门厅）。 multilateralfund.org | It was noted that, when managers considered chiller replacement in an environment of hard resource constraints, more critical and potential revenue generating projects (for example upgrading the foyer of a tourist hotel) were given priority over marginal cost saving projects (like chiller replacement). multilateralfund.org |
人们 也已经开发出学术网络分析工具[11]。 例如，有人发表过一些有关研究与规模的有用的普适性 [...] 意见：“第一，创造了人才环境；第二，研究管理和支持人员的 人均边际成本；第 三，重要设备和设施的成本；第四，协同效应 [...] 和总体加速；第五，支持性研究培训环境” [12] 。 biggerbrains.com | For example, there are certainly good general arguments concerning research and scale – “First the [...] intellectual environment created; second [...] the per capita marginal costs of research [...]administration and support personnel; [...]third, the cost of major equipment and facilities; fourth, synergy and overall acceleration; and fifth, the supportive research training environment biggerbrains.com |
免费紧随逆向定价之后： 在信息时代，免费已经成为一个广受欢迎的、明智的商业战略。 由于网络知识经济逆转了定价法则，网络知识的内在属性使得产品复制品（有形的或无形的） 的 边际成本 几 乎 为零。 12manage.com | Because compounding network knowledge inverts prices, the marginal cost of an additional copy (intangible or tangible) is near zero. 12manage.com |
第二, 即使认识到问题，信息对于恰当的政策 设计也可能是不足的—例如，开发 边际 减 排成 本曲线。 undpcc.org | Secondly, even if a problem is [...] recognized, information may be insufficient for adequate policy design, for [...] example developing marginal abatement cost curves. undpcc.org |
因此，采用 道路运输的货物常常要在边境地 区或某一条指定线路沿线的装卸点进行转 运，致使在运输过程中增加了不必要 的 成本 和 延 误。 daccess-ods.un.org | As a result, goods carried by road often have to be trans-shipped at border areas or loading points along a designated route. daccess-ods.un.org |
国际边界信息系 统的目标是确保联合国系统对国际边 界 信息 形 成 共 同的理解和表述。 daccess-ods.un.org | The objective of UNIBIS is to ensure a common understanding and [...] representation of international boundary information [...]in the United Nations community. daccess-ods.un.org |
该报告由南非MSA集团（以下称“MSA”）和有资格人士Swinden Geoscience Consultants Ltd的Scott Swinden博士独立完成，目 前双方共同确定将1.0% TREO作为该矿产资源量评估的适度基 本边际 品 位。 tipschina.gov.cn | The Report was independently prepared by The MSA Group of South Africa ("MSA") and Dr. Scott Swinden of Swinden Geoscience Consultants Ltd, the [...] "Qualified Person" [...] (QP), who together have currently identifed 1.0% TREO as an appropriate base case cut-off grade for the mineral resource [...]estimate. tipschina.gov.cn |
此外，应注意的是，34 C/5 在工作重点 6（在国家政策中普遍重视文化多样性、文化间 对话与可持续发展之间的联系）项下，要求促进“南南合作和北南南 三 边 合 作 ，以便 形 成有 利 于发展中国家交流合作经验的平台”，教科文组织并非要“事必躬亲”（所有奖学金、培 训课程、各类补贴都将被取消），而是“与各种专业机构合作（如 国 际 文 化财产保护与修复 中心、国际古迹遗址理事会及国际博 物馆理事会），以及有计划地发展若干所谓‘第 2 类’ 的机构和实施几个‘橱窗型’大型项目”。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In addition, it should be noted that under main line of action 6 (Mainstreaming within national policies of [...] the links between [...] cultural diversity, intercultural dialogue and sustainable development), document 34 C/5 calls for encouraging “South-South cooperation and North-South-South triangular cooperation so as to foster the emergence of a platform facilitating the sharing of cooperation experiences among developing countries” not by direct action in this field (fellowships, [...]courses, subventions [...]are to be discontinued) but rather by “cooperation with specialized institutions (for instance with ICCROM, ICOMOS and ICOM), and the systematic development of what are referred to as ‘category 2’ institutes and of some major ‘showcase’ projects”. unesdoc.unesco.org |
近几十年来，成千上万的人越过国 际边 界 ，许多人试图到发达国家，以摆脱 普遍存在的饥饿，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲生活的人(见 A/HRC/7/5)。 daccess-ods.un.org | In recent decades, millions of [...] people have crossed international borders and many have tried [...]to reach developed countries [...]to escape pervasive hunger, especially people living in sub-Saharan Africa (see A/HRC/7/5). daccess-ods.un.org |
成员国需要结合各自现有的 立法和做法来审议各项国际公约 中所规定的义务，并酌情调 整 本 国 与 国 际道 路交通运输相关的立法、文件和程序。 daccess-ods.un.org | Member countries need to review the [...] obligations of the international conventions together with their existing legislation and practices, and to adjust, as appropriate, their legislation, documentation and procedures relating to international road transport. daccess-ods.un.org |
推动亚太统计所按计划顺利实施 2009 年各项活动的主要因素是：(a) 东道国日 本政府的有力支持，继续提供主要现金捐助、行政和基础设施方面的援助，并为亚 太统计所-日本国际协力 厅举办的所有四次东京都市区培训课程提供了奖学金；(b) 其他许多成员国的有力支持：这些成员国于 2009 年所提供的现金和实物捐助在其 2008 年的基础上有所提高；以及(c) 与联合国各机构和国际组织的密切协作，从而 为携手努力、有效满足本区域发展中 成 员 国 在能力建设方面的不同需求提供机会。 daccess-ods.un.org | The key factors that facilitated the smooth implementation by SIAP of all planned activities for [...] 2009 were: (a) the [...] strong support of the host Government, Japan, which continued to provide the bulk of cash contributions, administrative and infrastructure support, and fellowships for all four SIAP-Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Tokyo Metropolitan Area (TMA)-based training courses; (b) the strong support of many other member States: cash and in kind contributions from those member States [...]increased in 2009 [...]compared with their level in 2008; and (c) close collaboration with United Nations agencies and international organizations, which provided the opportunity to combine efforts and address effectively the diverse capability-building needs of developing member States in the region. daccess-ods.un.org |
不过，秘书长表示，鉴于长期来看汇率浮动对维持和平行动账户的影响有限，并 [...] 考虑到各种减轻汇率风险的备选办法的利弊，秘书长认为，各种备选办法的预期 收益将被给特派团和会员国造成的实 际成本 和 机 会成本抵消(A/66/679，第 161 和 162 段)。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Secretary-General states, however, that in view of the limited impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the accounts of peacekeeping operations over time, and taking into account the pros and cons of the various options for mitigating exchange rate risk, he is of the view that the expected return from the [...] various options would be [...] offset by the actual cost generated and the opportunity cost it would represent [...]for missions and for Member States (A/66/679, paras. 161 and 162). daccess-ods.un.org |
在这方面，我国代表团重申要求谈判进程主席或 主席办公室在考虑到会员国迄今为止所表达的意见 的情况下，提供一份新的基本谈判案文，它不仅应是 各种观点立场的综合，而且还应阐明并分析我们面前 的各种备选方案，以使我们能够接下去开展旨在取得 平衡且有代表性的实际成果的 谈判——为此应当始 终本着这样一个原则：这一进程必须具有包容性和透 明度，旨在迅速改革安全理事会。 daccess-ods.un.org | In that regard, my delegation reiterates its request that the Chair of the negotiations process or the Office of the President provide — in the light of what the membership has expressed so far — a new basic negotiating text that goes beyond the consolidation of positions and identifies and analyses the options before us so as to allow us to move on to negotiations aimed at producing tangible, balanced and representative results — always on the basis of the principle that this must be an inclusive and transparent process aimed at swift reform of the Security Council. daccess-ods.un.org |
一成员认为，在批准这样的体制建设援助时，必须提醒有关国家的政府，对它们的 一个期望是，它们应最终接手管理国家臭氧机构的责任，并考虑逐渐把向国家臭氧机构提 供资金和支助的责任从多边基金转向 本 国 政 府，以使其能够在今后主持这些机构。 multilateralfund.org | One Member observed that, in approving such IS support, governments had to be reminded that there was an expectation that they would [...] eventually have to take over responsibility for managing the National Ozone Unit (NOU) and that they should consider the gradual transfer of the funding and support of the NOUs from the Multilateral Fund to the relevant national government to allow it to take ownership of those NOUs in the future. multilateralfund.org |
讲习班的主要目的是提供一个论坛，着重介绍最近取得的科学和技术成 果，以便：(a)通过对宇宙形成过程的跨学科研究，发展太阳物理学基础科学 （地球、太阳和行星际空间之间的关系）；(b)确定地球和行星的磁层和大气层 对外来驱动因素的反应；(c)促进在本 星 际 介 质 以外进行太阳——日光层系统研 究；(d)推动太阳物理现象研究方面的现有和今后的国际科学合作；(e)在国际地 理物理年五十周年之际保护其传统和遗产；(f)向科学界和公众公布国际太阳物 理年的独特成果。 oosa.unvienna.org | The main objective of the Workshop was to provide a forum to highlight recent scientific and technical results in order to (a) develop the basic science of heliophysics (the connections between the Earth, the Sun and inter-planetary space) through cross-disciplinary studies of universal processes; (b) determine the response of terrestrial [...] and [...] planetary magnetospheres and atmospheres to external drivers; (c) promote research on the Sun-heliosphere system outward to the local interstellar medium; (d) foster international scientific cooperation in the study of heliophysical phenomena now and in the future; (e) preserve the history and legacy of the [...]International [...]Geophysical Year on its fiftieth anniversary; and (f) communicate unique results of the International Heliophysical Year to the scientific community and the general public. oosa.unvienna.org |
原为“第 23 A 条或第 23 B [...] 条将决 定这项权利是专属权利(豁免办法)还是仅仅优先于居住国权利的权利(抵免办 法)”，现改为“第 23 A 条或第 23 B 条的规定将决定居住国是免除这样的收入还是 允许以向收入来源国支付的税款抵免其应对这种收入课征的税款”,因为一如一位 成员所 指出，豁免办法并不一定具有专属性(例如，根据累进制下的豁免办法，居 住国在确定纳税人应纳税的非豁免收 入 边际 税 率时保留计入豁免收入的权利)。 daccess-ods.un.org | The reason was that the exemption method was not necessarily exclusive, as noted by one participant (e.g., [...] exemption with progression, where the [...] residence State retained for itself the right to take the exempt income into account for the purposes of determining the marginal rate at which the taxpayer’s non-exempt income was subject to tax). daccess-ods.un.org |
它特别 重视核废物管理和辐射对环境的影响，并且认为， 处置或降级武器级材料、反应器转换、逐步保证高 [...] 浓缩铀库存的安全或消除高浓缩铀库存，以及促进 多边化的具有成本效益 和政治中立的燃料循环，是 一些充满希望的时机。 daccess-ods.un.org | It attached particular importance to nuclear waste management and the environmental effects of radiation and viewed as promising opportunities the disposal or downgrading of weapons-grade material, conversion of reactors, gradual securing or [...] elimination of highly enriched uranium stockpiles [...] and promotion of a multilateral, cost-effective, politically [...]neutral fuel cycle. daccess-ods.un.org |
英汉双解词典包含2273206条英汉词条，基本涵盖了全部常用单词的翻译及用法，是英语学习的有利工具。