| 单词 | 辐射直接效应 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 辐射直接效应 —direct effect of radiationSee also:辐射 n—radiation n • radioactivity n 辐射 v—radiate v 辐射 adj—radiant 直接 adj—direct adj
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考虑到与 ODSs 直接和间接辐射强迫 相关的科学 认识和不确定性的水平存在较大差异，以及缺乏对其 地面气候效应的抵消，并且间接 GWPs 对排放年份的 依赖性很大，因此，本报告并未考虑使用综合直接 和间接效应的净 GWPs 值。 ipcc-wg1.unibe.ch | Given the very different levels of scientific understanding and [...] relative uncertainties associated with direct and indirect radiative forcing of ODSs, the lack of cancellation in their effects on surface climate and the dependence of indirect GWPs on the year of emission, this report does not consider the use of net GWPs combining direct and indirect effects. ipcc-wg1.unibe.ch |
禁产条约》的核查因而也 应如此：例如，与未受辐射的直接使 用 材料的生产相关的核查应设定为充分核查 级别，但受辐射的直接使用 材料的核查可设定为较低级别。 daccess-ods.un.org | FMCT verification should thus do likewise: for example, the verification related to the production of un-irradiated direct-use material should be at a full verification level, but that it could be less for the verification of irradiated direct-use material. daccess-ods.un.org |
增加就业密集 型社会服务的公共开支将直接有 助于产生更多的就业机会，并通过这类支助 的辐 射效果，间接帮助增加就业。 daccess-ods.un.org | Enhanced public spending on employment-intensive social services [...] will contribute directly to greater employment generation and, indirectly, through the multiplier effects of such spending. daccess-ods.un.org |
根据同一项法令(《关于电离辐射源相关活动登记册、电离辐射源工作许可 证的发放要求和方式、许可证的有效 性 以 及电 离 辐射 源 使用问题的法令》)第 17 条，进口商只有在最终用户向其提出国家辐射防护研究所发放的准许用辐射源开 展某些活动的许可证副本，以及准许采 购 辐射 源 的 许可后，才 可 接 受 订 单并进口 辐射源。 daccess-ods.un.org | On the basis of article 17 of the same Ordinance (Ordinance on the Register of Activities, [...] Requirements and the Manner of [...] Issuing and the Validity of Licences for Work with Sources of Ionizing Radiation and the Use of Sources of Ionizing Radiation), importers may receive orders and import radioactive sources only if endusers submit to them a copy of a licence issued by the State Institute of Radiation Protection for carrying out certain activities with radioactive sources and a permit for the procurement of radioactive sources. daccess-ods.un.org |
这次金融和经济危机特别是对发展中国家妇女的经济赋权产生了不利影响， 其主要传导机制是：全球出口下降， 直接 影 响 到出口部门的生产，然后通过消极倍 增效应对国 内市场产生不利影响(特别是出口依赖型经济国)；发展中国家的资本流 入骤减；援助具有助长周期性波动的性质；危机对移徙工人产生影响，从而影响到 汇款；随之而出现的是汇率贬值，影响到国内生产和价格；全球粮价的异常波动产 [...] 生影响；很多发展中国家财政紧缩已经导致重大公共开支的削减和社会发展收益的 [...] 减少，进而影响基本服务的提供，使社会发展成果付之东流，并影响生活品质。 daccess-ods.un.org | The main transmission mechanisms of the financial and economic crisis that have had negative impacts on women’s economic empowerment, especially in developing countries, have been [...] the global decline in [...] exports, which has directly affected production in the export sector and subsequently domestic markets through negative multiplier effects (especially in [...]export-dependent economies); [...]significant declines in capital flows to the developing world; the pro-cyclical nature of aid; the impact of the crisis on migrant workers and therefore on remittances; the consequent exchange rate devaluation, which has affected domestic production and prices; the impact of extreme volatility in global food prices; and the fiscal constraints in many developing countries that have already led to cutbacks in important public expenditures and social development gains, thereby affecting access to basic services, reversing social development gains and adversely affecting their quality of life. daccess-ods.un.org |
为直接应对弥合数码鸿沟和提高亚洲及太平洋地区教育质量这两方面的挑战，教科文 组织曼谷办事处和日本政府于 2001 年 11 月一致同意设立“用于促进在教育中 有 效 使 用 信息 与传播技术的日本信托基金”。 unesdoc.unesco.org | In direct response to challenges both to bridge the digital divide and to improve the quality of education in Asia and the Pacific, UNESCO Bangkok and the Japanese Government agreed on November 2001 to establish the Japanese Trust Fund for the Promotion of Effective Use of Information [...] and Communications Technologies in Education. unesdoc.unesco.org |
所会见的一些捐助者表示，他们更愿意支持具 有 直接效应 的 影 响大的活动。 unesdoc.unesco.org | A number of donors interviewed expressed their preference to support activities with [...] high visibility that have direct impacts. unesdoc.unesco.org |
已 围绕下列假设做过研究：(a) 细胞和组织对低剂量辐射的适应性可使它们对癌症 [...] 的发展更具抵抗力（适应性反应）；(b) [...] 辐射对免疫系统的影响——免疫系统负责 识别并摧毁异常细胞——可影响癌症发展的可能性；以及(c) 辐射可产生变化， 从而对细胞 DNA 的稳定产生持久的、可传递的影响（基因组不稳定性），并且（或 者）激发从受损细胞向未受损的邻界细胞传送信号（旁观者效应）；基因不稳定 和旁观者效应被认为是改变辐射相关 癌症风险的可能因素。 daccess-ods.un.org | There have been studies relating to the following hypotheses: (a) that adaptation of cells and tissues to low doses of radiation might cause them to become more resistant to cancer development (adaptive response); (b) that the effects of radiation on the immune systems, which recognize and destroy abnormal cells, could influence the likelihood of cancer development; and (c) that radiation can produce changes that create long-lasting and transmissible effects on the stability of cellular DNA (genomic instability) and/or trigger the transfer of signals from damaged cells to their [...] undamaged neighbours [...] (bystander effects); both genomic instability and bystander effects have been suggested as possible factors that modify radiation-associated cancer risk. daccess-ods.un.org |
为降低对其他用户的潜在无线电干扰 ， 应 选 择适当的天线类型及增益，以便 等 效 全向 辐射功率 (e.i.r.p.) 不超过许可范围，实现正常通讯。 printronix.com | To reduce potential radio interference to other [...] users, the antenna [...] type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) [...]is not more than that [...]permitted for successful communication. printronix.de |
培训主题侧重于实物保护和防止恶意行 为，包括保安目标和基本原则、实物保护原则和方法、保护核设施免遭偷窃 和破坏、在边境口岸建立有效的辐射 探 测能力以及对截获核材料和其他放射 性物质的应对方法。 daccess-ods.un.org | Training topics focused on physical protection and the prevention of malicious acts, including security objectives and fundamental principles, physical protection principles and methodologies, protection of nuclear facilities [...] against theft and [...] sabotage, establishing effective radiation detection capabilities at border crossing points and methods to respond to seizures [...]of nuclear and other radioactive material. daccess-ods.un.org |
来访的众多研究人员都将得到训练有素的懂技术、懂科学和工作人员的必 要协助，以确保用户，即使是毫无经验的用户都能 有 效 地 将同 步 辐射应 用 于自己从事的研究 工作。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The many visitor-researchers will be assisted by a highly-trained technical and scientific [...] staff to ensure that even inexperienced users are able to apply [...] synchrotron light to their research in an effective manner. unesdoc.unesco.org |
进口商应在向最终用户发送辐射源 15 日内，以书面形式将此事通报国家辐 射防护研究所，并随附一份最终用户 的 接 受 辐射 源 声 明，以及一份单一海关申报 单副本。 daccess-ods.un.org | An importer shall, in written form and within 15 days of the delivery of a radioactive source to an end-user, inform the State Institute of Radiation Protection thereabout and enclose a statement of the end-user on acceptance of the radioactive source, as well as [...] a copy of a single customs declaration. daccess-ods.un.org |
增强公共卫生系统应对挑战的能力，尤其是在以下问题上，如性别、土著人民 保 健、卫生和清洁、改善学校卫生条件、环境健康风 险、滥用药物、精神健康、伤 害、劳动健康和安全以及与其他部门 有 效 协 作 直接应 对 灾 害。 daccess-ods.un.org | Strengthen the ability of the public health system to deal with the challenges it faces, particularly issues of gender, indigenous people’s health, hygiene and cleanliness, improved health conditions at schools, environmental health risks, drug abuse, mental health, injuries, labour [...] health and safety and [...] providing immediate response to disasters through effective collaboration and coordination [...]with other sectors. daccess-ods.un.org |
为保 证行政效率，这些数额应直接记入 有关拨款/预算项目。 daccess-ods.un.org | Such amounts shall, for administrative efficiency, be charged directly to the relevant [...] allotment/budget line. daccess-ods.un.org |
可用在 1.A.述系统中，为抗核效应(例如电磁脉冲(EMP)、X 射线、冲击 和热辐射综合效应)、保护火箭及无人驾驶航空飞行器而专门设计的“探 测器”。 daccess-ods.un.org | Detectors' specially designed or modified [...] to protect rocket systems and unmanned aerial vehicles against nuclear effects (e.g. Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), X-rays, combined blast and thermal effects), and usable [...]for the systems specified in 1. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，应坚持严格 的预算纪律，应更有效地对 可获得的资源进行再分 配，应对分配给辐射科委 秘书处的财政和人力资源 的配置进行实时监测，并对最终结果进行评价。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition, strict budgetary discipline should be observed, the [...] available resources should [...] be redistributed more effectively, the deployment of the financial and human resources allocated to the Scientific Committee’s secretariat should be monitored [...]on an ongoing basis, and [...]end results should be evaluated. daccess-ods.un.org |
若要防止因電 池暴露在高溫而導致人身傷害或產 [...] 品損壞的可能性，離開車輛時請取 下裝置，或將裝置存放於陽光無法 直接照射的地方。 garminasus.com | To prevent the possibility of personal injury or product damage caused [...] by battery exposure to extreme heat, remove the device from the vehicle when [...] exiting or store it out of direct sunlight. garminasus.com |
兼任发展集团主席的开 发署署长还强调，发展集团全体成员在 2010 年及以后年份必须重点支持驻地协 调员和联合国国家工作队，确保制订高质量、具有战略意义 、 直接应 对 国 家发展 优先工作的联合国发展援助框架，继续减少业务惯例相互不统一的现象，全体伙 伴一致认为，业务惯例不统一削弱了联合国的发展 实 效。 daccess-ods.un.org | The UNDP Administrator as UNDG Chair has also emphasized the need for all members of the UNDG to focus in 2010 and beyond on supporting Resident Coordinators and United Nations country teams to ensure the development [...] of high quality, [...] strategic UNDAFs that directly respond to national development priorities, and to continue to reduce the fragmentation of business practices which, all partners agree, diminish the United Nations development effectiveness. daccess-ods.un.org |
其直接效 果是 要求在设计、生产和营销，特别是帮助手工艺人和设计师开辟国际市场方面开展能力建 [...] 设的申请增加了。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The immediate result is the [...] increase in requests for capacity-building in design, production, and marketing, particularly [...]with a view to improving the access of craftspeople and designers to the international market. unesdoc.unesco.org |
CPV 是一项飞速发展的技术，经过多次概念验证式小型安装（1 MW 或更低），现已向直接日射辐照度 (DNI) 较高的地区用于越来越多具有全球影响力的大型项目。 veeco.com.cn | CPV is a rapidly developing technology with multiple proof-of-concept scale installations (1 MW or less), [...] with many more larger-scale projects gaining momentum worldwide within [...] regions with high direct normal irradiance (DNI). veeco.com |
评估建议国家当局在所有 评估地点，收集贫铀弹药和碎片以及与贫铀弹药 有 直接接 触 的 武器装备，将其隔离 直至作为低级辐射废物进行处理并最后加以安全处置。 daccess-ods.un.org | The recommendations to the national authorities, in all the cases studied where to collect any DU ammunition or fragments and any [...] war equipment which [...] have been in direct contact with these ammunitions and isolate them from the public in appropriate locations until it can be processed as low level radioactive waste and eventually [...]safety disposed of. daccess-ods.un.org |
如果“未经过辐照的直接使用 材料”定义适用，那么某些形式的核材 料如果从经过辐照的状态转变到未经过辐照的状态，那么这些材料将受“禁产条 [...] 约”的约束，反过来说，一旦未经过辐照的核材料变成经过辐照的核材料，便不 再受禁产条约约束。 daccess-ods.un.org | If the “unirradiated direct use material” definition [...] applied, certain forms of nuclear material would become subject to [...]an FMCT when moving from the irradiated form to the unirradiated form, and conversely, unirradiated nuclear material might no longer be subject to an FMCT once irradiated. daccess-ods.un.org |
根据《关于电离辐射源相关活动登记册、电离辐射源工作许可证的发放要求 和方式、许可证的有效性以及电离 辐射 源 使 用问题的法令》(政府公报第 125/06 号)第 16 条，法人和自然人应向国家辐射防护 研究所提出出口许可证申请。 daccess-ods.un.org | On the basis of article 16 of the Ordinance on the Register of Activities, [...] Requirements and the Manner of [...] Issuing and the Validity of Licences for Work with Sources of Ionizing Radiation and the Use of Sources of Ionizing Radiation (Official Gazette No. 125/06), legal and natural persons shall submit a request for a permit for export to the State Institute for Radiation Protection. daccess-ods.un.org |
Intersil [...] 产品包括电池管理 IC、热插拔控制器、线性稳压器、监控 IC、开关式 DC/DC 稳压器、功率 MOSFET 驱动器、光存储激光二极管驱动器、DSL 线路驱动器、视频和高性能运算放大器、数据转换器 、 接口 I C、模拟开关和多路复用器、交叉点开关、IP 语音器件以及用于军事、空间和抗 辐射应 用的 IC。 digikey.cn | Intersil products include battery management ICs, hot-swap and hot-plug controllers, linear regulators, supervisory ICs, switching DC/DC regulators, power MOSFET drivers, optical storage laser diode drivers, DSL line drivers, video and high performance [...] operational amplifiers, data converters, interface [...] ICs, analog switches and multiplexers, crosspoint switches, voice-over-IP devices, and ICs for military, space, and radiation-hardened applications. digikey.ca |
资料来源：《辐射的遗传效应：联 合国原 子 辐 射 影 响问题科学委员会——2001 年提交大 会的报告，含科学附件》（联合国出版物，出售品编号：E.01.IX.2），附件，表 46。 daccess-ods.un.org | Source: Hereditary Effects of Radiation: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation — 2001 Report [...] to the General Assembly, [...]with Scientific Annex(United Nations publication, Sales No. E.01.IX.2), annex, table 46. daccess-ods.un.org |
执行局第一六二届会议收到了关于在教科文组织支持下建立同 步 辐射 促 进 中东实验科 学和应用科 学发展（SESAME）的国际中心的这项建议的有关材料，一个是约旦常驻教科文 组织代表团所提交的一份解释性说明（文件 [...] 162 EX/49），其中建议将约旦作为该中心所在 地，另一个则是总干事的有关报告（文件 [...] 162 EX/49 增补件），其中对上述解释性说明作了 进一步的补充并介绍教科文组织参与有关项目的情况及所取得的主要成果。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Information on the proposal to [...] establish an International [...] Centre for Synchrotron Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle [...]East (SESAME) under the [...]auspices of UNESCO was conveyed to the Executive Board at its 162nd session through an explanatory note submitted by the Permanent Delegation of Jordan to UNESCO (162 EX/49), Jordan being the proposed State to host the Centre, as well as a report by the Director-General complementing the explanatory note and describing UNESCO’s involvement in the project and key achievements attained (162 EX/49 Add.). unesdoc.unesco.org |
经询问，委员会获悉，正在提 出的一些提议，包括为信通技术远程 接 入 能 力设备和医疗用品请拨资源的提议， 将确保联合国总部、总部以外办事处和区域委员会能 有 效应 对 任何扰乱其运作的 危急事件。 daccess-ods.un.org | Upon enquiry, the Committee was informed that the proposals being made, which include requests for ICT equipment for remote access capability and [...] medical supplies, would ensure that [...] United Nations Headquarters, offices away from Headquarters and regional commissions could effectively respond to any critical incidents that disrupt their operations. daccess-ods.un.org |
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