| 单词 | 软法律 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 软法律 noun —soft law nSee also:软法 n—soft law n 法律 n—law • laws pl • legislative n • legislation n 律法—laws and decrees
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这些标准和规范被称作“软法律”， 既有国际法律文书的明确性，又有非 约束性文书的灵活性。 daccess-ods.un.org | The standards and norms [...] were described as “soft law” that combined [...]the clarity of international legal instruments with the flexibility of non-binding instruments. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些国际 条约，与许多普遍议定的宣言和 软法律 文 书 一起，确定了各国在国家层级必须遵 [...] 守的法律框架，即使在危机之时。 daccess-ods.un.org | These international treaties, in conjunction with a great [...] number of universally agreed [...] declarations and soft law instruments, [...]determine the legal framework that States must comply [...]with at the domestic level, even in time of crisis. daccess-ods.un.org |
所有会员 国都应该为指导原则建言献策，使之成为一份重要 的软法律文件。 daccess-ods.un.org | All Member States should take part in consultations in order to formulate those principles, which could [...] become an important soft law document. daccess-ods.un.org |
还应更好地利用软法律文书 ，加强保护农民和其他农村地区劳动者的现有 人权规范的可见度。 daccess-ods.un.org | Better use [...] should also be made of soft law instruments that [...]improve the visibility of existing human rights norms protecting [...]the rights of peasants and other people living in rural areas. daccess-ods.un.org |
软法律、非正式网络、合作和谅解。 daccess-ods.un.org | Soft law, informal networks, [...] cooperation and understandings. daccess-ods.un.org |
提及国际劳工组织（ILO）和欧洲联盟在相关领域的规范工作，此项研究考虑了 国际法律文书的功效，建议利用“ 软法律 ” 来 推进会员国的职业技术教育与培训议程，并加 [...] 强国际和区域合作。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Referring to normative work by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the European Union in related fields, the study reflected [...] upon the utility of international legal instruments and [...] advised the use of ‘soft laws’ to advance [...]the TVET agenda in Member [...]States and to enhance international and regional cooperation. unesdoc.unesco.org |
因此，重点应该放在拟定关于所在国送回文物义务的条款上，哪怕是以 一种软法律的形式。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Instead, focus should be put on [...] the elaboration of the obligations for returning the cultural object by the State of [...] Location, even in a soft-law form. unesdoc.unesco.org |
尽管《宣言草案》从性质上大体属于 软法律 ， 但 大家认为，如获教科 文这样的国际组织的通过，《宣言草案》将比建议更具有效力，能够指导各国的实践，从而 [...] 对国际习惯法的发展做出贡献。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Though generally of a soft-law character, it [...] was felt that the Draft Declaration, especially once adopted by an international [...]body like UNESCO, could carry more weight than a recommendation, potentially inspire State practice and thereby contribute to customary international law developments. unesdoc.unesco.org |
表达该意见的代表团认为，为应对这一变化的情况所 [...] 带来的诸如空间碎片缓减等挑战， 法律小组委员会应探讨制定包括 软法律 在内 的适当新规则的可能性。 daccess-ods.un.org | The delegation expressing that view considered that in order to meet the challenges of this changing situation, such as space debris [...] mitigation, the Legal Subcommittee should explore the possibility of developing [...] appropriate new rules, including soft laws. daccess-ods.un.org |
国际社会拥有广泛的手段，如各种规范 、 软法律 、 行 为守则或正式条约， 可彼此结合起来，用于实现和平稳定的空间环境的最终目标。 daccess-ods.un.org | The international community is equipped with a wide array of [...] tools, be they norms, soft law, codes of conduct [...]or formal treaties, which can be used [...]in conjunction with one another to achieve the ultimate goal of a peaceful and stable space environment. daccess-ods.un.org |
33. 如果国际社会的意愿是，目前，以原则的形式处理这一主题，那么条款草 案和原则草案的制定应更好地体现其 软法律 性 和 一般性。 daccess-ods.un.org | If the will of the international community was, for the moment, to cast the subject in the form of principles, then the [...] formulation of the draft articles and principles would have to [...] better reflect their soft-law and more general [...]character. daccess-ods.un.org |
公司尊重人权的责任(见A/HRC/14/27，第 54-78 段)在一些软法律文书中得 到承认，比如《关于多国企业和社会政策的三方原则宣言》和经济合作与发展 组织的《多国企业准则》，这一责任也是公司加入联合国《全球契约》时所做的 [...] 一项承诺。 daccess-ods.un.org | The corporate responsibility to respect human rights (see [...] A/HRC/14/27, paras. [...] 54-78) is recognized in soft-law instruments such as the Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning [...]Multinational Enterprises [...]and Social Policy and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, and it constitutes one of the commitments that companies undertake when joining the United Nations Global Compact.5 The corporate responsibility to respect notably applies to the rights enshrined in the International Bill of Human Rights.6 Therefore, the rights enshrined in the Declaration on human rights defenders, such as the right to security and liberty, freedom of association and freedom of opinion and expression, including access to information, must be respected by companies, whether national or transnational. daccess-ods.un.org |
他倾向于援引另一机构的 软法律，通常是联合国《执法人员使用武力和火器的 基本原则》，其他条约机构和国际法庭往往就是如此。 daccess-ods.un.org | He preferred [...] making reference to a soft law from another body, [...]typically the United Nations Principles on the Use of Force [...]and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials, as other treaty bodies and international courts often did. daccess-ods.un.org |
虽然许多文书成为了所谓不具 拘束力的软法律，但 它们向政府提供道义责任和政策指导，的确有点分量。 daccess-ods.un.org | Although many of the instruments form part of the [...] so-called non-binding soft law, they provide [...]Governments with moral obligations and policy [...]guidance which do indeed hold weight. daccess-ods.un.org |
因为，对于本原则所 规定的这类文物而言（见原则 [...] I），如果实行本条规定（本身就具有 软法律 的性 质），由此产生的送回义务就会排除国际普通私法实践和诉讼中常见的那种干扰 [...]送回的障碍。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Indeed, for the category of cultural objects following under these [...] Principles (see Principle I), if this [...] provision (ex se of a soft law nature) is implemented, [...]the resulting obligation to return [...]rejects the traditional obstacles to return known in ordinary private international law practice and litigation. unesdoc.unesco.org |
因此，尽管原则草案具有软法律的性 质，但把这一条写进去是有问题的。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Thus, questions its [...] inclusion despite the soft-law character of the [...]draft Principles. unesdoc.unesco.org |
软法律文书”通常没有正式的法律约束力，其司法效力值得争议，而 “软 法律”与 “硬法律”之间的界限同样如此，“硬法律”作为正式的国际法事宜 通常具有法律约束力。 daccess-ods.un.org | The juridical force of “soft law instruments”, which are not formally legally binding, is contestable, as are the boundaries between “soft law” and “hard [...] law”, which is legally [...]binding as a matter of formal international law. daccess-ods.un.org |
事实上，委员会本身已 在一些结论性意见和个别案例中援引了这 类 软法律。 daccess-ods.un.org | Indeed, the Committee itself had already made [...] reference to such soft law in some of its [...]concluding observations and in individual cases. daccess-ods.un.org |
一些代表团认为，各国应当特别关注工作组主席编制的调查表中所载外层 空间物体所有权转让相关问题、 软法律 在 责任解释方面的相关性、对《关于各 [...] 国在月球和其他天体上活动的协定》3 的概念讨论，以及过错概念的考虑因素。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some delegations expressed the view that issues related to the transfer of [...] ownership of objects in outer space, the [...] relevance of soft law in the interpretation [...]of responsibilities, the conceptual [...]discussion of the Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodie s,3 and the considerations of the notion of fault, as contained in the questionnaire prepared by the Chair of the Working Group, deserved particular attention by States. daccess-ods.un.org |
这些软法律文书 促使在国际准则方面保持了相当程度的一致性，但也有人 批评《基本原则》在是否可以针对未构成危险威胁的人员使用武器问题上含混不 清。 daccess-ods.un.org | While these soft law instruments have [...] brought a considerable measure of coherence in respect of the international norms, [...]the Basic Principles have been criticised for lacking clarity as to whether firearms may be used against people other than those presenting the threat of danger. daccess-ods.un.org |
国际法协会空间法委员会的成员参加了奥地利国家空间法联络点在奥地利 [...] 研究促进机构及交通、创新和技术联邦事务部的支助下组织的关于外层空间 “软法律”的会议。 daccess-ods.un.org | Members of the ILA Space Law Committee participated in a conference on “soft law” in outer space, organized by the Austrian National Point of Contact for Space Law, with the support of the [...] Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) and the Federal Ministry of [...] Transportation, Innovation and Technology (BMVIT). daccess-ods.un.org |
软法律原则和非正式合作活动也许是当今最广泛采用的竞争合作形式。 daccess-ods.un.org | Soft law principles and informal [...] cooperation activity is today perhaps the most widely employed form of competition cooperation. daccess-ods.un.org |
注意到就这一问题召开的两次专家会议（巴黎，2000 年 5 月和 2002 [...] 年 12 月），这两次会议 的结果是制订了不具法律约束力（ 软法律 ） 的 关于第二次世界大战流失文物问题的原则草案 [...](以下简称“原则草案”) unesdoc.unesco.org | Noting that two meetings of experts (Paris, May 2000 and December 2002, respectively) on [...] this issue resulted in the [...] elaboration of non-legally binding (soft law) draft Principles [...]relating to Cultural Objects Displaced [...]in Relation to the Second World War (hereafter “draft Principles”) unesdoc.unesco.org |
尽管标准和规范在本质上是“软性 法律 ” ， 但它们有助于 促进全世界更有效和更公平的刑事司法结构。 daccess-ods.un.org | Despite their “soft-law” nature, the standards [...] and norms have helped to promote more effective and fair criminal justice structures worldwide. daccess-ods.un.org |
这方 面的例子包括要求“母”公司报告整个企业的全球业务；多 边 软法律 文 书 ，例如 经济合作与发展组织的《多国企业准则》；支持海外投资的机构要求的绩效标 准。 daccess-ods.un.org | Examples include requirements on “parent” companies to report on the [...] global operations of the entire [...] enterprise; multilateral soft-law instruments such [...]as the Guidelines for Multinational [...]Enterprises of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; and performance standards required by institutions that support overseas investments. daccess-ods.un.org |
像金伯利进程这样的软法律混合安排是一种重要的创新，它体现了如下的概 念：结合进口国和出口国、公司和民间社会行为人、以及将硬性规定纳入自愿履 [...] 行部分。 daccess-ods.un.org | Soft law hybrid arrangements like the [...] Kimberley Process represent an important innovation by embodying such a concept: combining [...]importing and exporting States, companies and civil society actors, as well as integrating voluntary with mandatory elements. daccess-ods.un.org |
尽管联合国预防犯罪和刑事司法标准和规范在性质上属于 “ 软 性 法律 ” ， 3 但它们从三个方面帮助提高了预防犯罪政策和战略的有效性，以及刑事司法机 构的效力和公平：首先，它们在国家一级得到利用，经过深入评估，最后通过 了必要的预防犯罪战略和行动计划，并对刑事司法系统进行了改革；第二，它 们帮助各国制定次区域和区域战略；第三，在国际一级，这些标准和规范成为 各国用来满足本国需要的最佳做法。 daccess-ods.un.org | Despite their “soft-law” nature,3 the United Nations standards and norms in crime prevention and criminal justice have helped to promote more effective crime prevention policies and strategies and more effective and fair criminal justice structures in three ways: first, they have been utilized at the national level by fostering in-depth assessments leading to the adoption of necessary crime prevention strategies and action plans, and criminal justice system reforms; secondly, they have helped countries to develop subregional and regional strategies; thirdly, at the international level, the standards and norms represent best practices that have been adapted by States to meet national needs. daccess-ods.un.org |
该建议目 前仍是国际上仅有的一个关于非物质文化遗产的法律文件，但由于其是一 个 软 性 法律 文 件 并 缺少激励会员国的奖励措施，因此，其影响没有预期的那样大。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Though this Recommendation is still [...] currently the only [...] international legal instrument concerning intangible cultural heritage, its impact was lower than expected, mostly due to its soft law nature and [...]lack of incentives which [...]could stimulate Member States. unesdoc.unesco.org |
关于委员会的工作成果，虽然有些代表团强调，委员会应集中精力拟订条款 草案，不要将自己限定在编写“软性 法律 ” 文书上，但也有代表团认为各种类型 [...] 产出的组合也是值得欢迎的进展。 daccess-ods.un.org | Concerning the outcome of the Commission’s work, while some delegations stressed that the Commission should concentrate on [...] elaborating draft articles and not limit [...] itself to producing “soft law” instruments, [...]the combination of various types of outputs [...]was also seen as a welcome development. daccess-ods.un.org |
教科文组织展开了这方面的研究，与世界知识产权组织 [...] （WIPO）合作，拟定了“关于反对非法活动和其它有害活动的民间艺术表现形式的国家立 法的样板条款”（1982 年），并于 1989 [...] 年由大会通过了《关于保护传统文化和民间艺术的 建议》；该建议虽不具约束力（“软 性 法律 ” ），但却是本组织制定的国际准则。 unesdoc.unesco.org | UNESCO provided studies on this field, undertook in collaboration with WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) the elaboration of Model Provisions for National Laws on the Expressions of Folklore Against Illicit and Other Prejudicial Actions (1982) and achieved the universal [...] standard-setting level, though not of a [...] binding character (“soft law”), through the [...]adoption by the General Conference in 1989 [...]of the ‘Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore’. unesdoc.unesco.org |
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