| 单词 | 轮垦 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 轮垦 noun —shifting cultivation nSee also:轮—rotate • take turns • steamship • by turn • disk • classifier for turns in a game, discussion, or competition 轮 n—tire n • ring n 垦—reclaim (land)
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旨在阻止轮垦 的政 策应予撤销和在与土著人民协商的情况下进行修改。 daccess-ods.un.org | Policies aimed at [...] discouraging shifting cultivation [...]should be revoked and revised, in consultation with indigenous peoples. daccess-ods.un.org |
在区域一级，政府间机构应设立一个 与 轮垦 习 俗 和土著人民文化完整性有关 的土著问题协调中心。 daccess-ods.un.org | At the regional level, intergovernmental institutions should establish a focal [...] point on indigenous issues relating to the [...] practice of shifting cultivation [...]and the cultural integrity of indigenous peoples. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，用于轮垦的土 地可以通过动物和鸟类 的粪便恢复其失去的肥力。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition, lands used for shifting cultivation may regain lost fertility from the excreta and urine of animals and birds. daccess-ods.un.org |
这一措施在很大程度上保留了传统的 轮垦方 式 ，无害环境，确保土地用于土著人民的生计，生产在本地出售的农产品，必要 [...] 销往外部市场。 daccess-ods.un.org | This measure, to a large extent, has preserved the [...] tradition of shifting cultivation, [...]which is being practised in an environmentally [...]friendly manner so as to ensure that the land is utilized for the purpose of maintaining indigenous peoples and for producing agricultural products to be sold locally and, as necessary, to external markets. daccess-ods.un.org |
对此，有文件记录表明， 轮垦的式 微往往伴随着语言、生物多样性、文化传统和社会规范的丧失，威胁着 [...] 土著人民自身的特性和完整。 daccess-ods.un.org | In this regard, it is documented that [...] the decline of swidden cultivation [...]is often accompanied by the loss of languages, [...]biodiversity, cultural traditions and social norms — a loss which threatens the very identity and integrity of indigenous peoples. daccess-ods.un.org |
非政府组织，包括那些在联合国具有特别地位的组织或与联合国有其他正式 联系的组织，应致力于消除针对从事 轮垦 的 土著人民的一切歧视性做法，并应致 [...] 力于保护他们的权利，包括从事其职业和所选择生计的权利、土地和资源权利以 及可持续发展和养护的权利。 daccess-ods.un.org | Non-governmental organizations, including those with special status or other formal affiliation with the United Nations, should seek to remove all [...] discriminatory practices aimed at indigenous [...] peoples who practise shifting cultivation and [...]should seek to protect their rights, including [...]their right to their occupation and livelihood of choice, land and resource rights and the right to sustainable development and conservation. daccess-ods.un.org |
常设论坛建议各国正式确认轮垦耕作 是土著人民的一种传统职业，与他们社 会和文化的同一性和完整性密切相关，并依照国际劳工组织第 169 号公约、第111 号公约和第 104 号建议以及《联合国土著人民权利宣言》的相关规定采取有效措 施，包括通过划定范围和颁发领土及土地所有权凭证，制止一切针对土著人 民轮 垦耕作做法的歧视行为。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Permanent Forum recommends that States [...] formally recognize shifting cultivation as a traditional occupation for indigenous peoples that is closely related to their social and cultural identity and integrity and take effective measures to stop all discriminatory acts targeted at indigenous peoples’ practice of shifting cultivation in line with the provisions of ILO Conventions Nos. 169 and 111, ILO Recommendation No. 104 and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, including through the delineation and the titling of the territories and lands concerned. daccess-ods.un.org |
劳工组织第 [...] 111 号公约(关于就业和职业中的歧视)也处理了土 著 轮垦 者 权利 的问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | ILO Convention No. 111 (on discrimination in employment and occupation) also addresses the rights [...] of indigenous shifting cultivators. daccess-ods.un.org |
它还进一步承认“有关民族传统占有的土地的所有权和拥有权”(第 14 条)， 包括轮垦者的权利(第 14 条)。 daccess-ods.un.org | It further recognizes the “rights of ownership and possession of the peoples concerned [...] over the lands which they traditionally occupy” (article 14), [...] including the rights of shifting cultivators (article 14). daccess-ods.un.org |
论坛在审议该项目时，面前有 [...] 题为“现行优先事项和专题”的秘书处说明(E/C.19/2012/2)，以及下列文件：“对 国家保护受跨国公司和其他商企影响的土著人民的责任进行的分析” [...] (E/C.19/2012/3)、“常设论坛建议的执行情况”(E/C.19/2012/7)和“土著人民 轮垦和社会文化完整性研究”的报告(E/C.19/2012/8)。 daccess-ods.un.org | For its consideration of the item, the Forum had before it a note by the secretariat entitled “Ongoing priorities and themes” (E/C.19/2012/2) and documents entitled “Analysis of the duty of the State to protect indigenous peoples affected by transnational corporations and other business enterprises” (E/C.19/2012/3), “Implementation of the recommendations [...] of the Permanent Forum” (E/C.19/2012/7) [...] and “Study on shifting cultivation and [...]the socio-cultural integrity of indigenous peoples” (E/C.19/2012/8). daccess-ods.un.org |
更广泛地说，轮垦也与 森林保护、可持续森林管理、集水区保护、河流和溪 流的源头保护以及生物和语言多样性的维护密切相关。 daccess-ods.un.org | In a wider context, shifting cultivation is also [...] closely related to forest protection, sustainable forest management, the [...]protection of watersheds, the conservation of headwaters of rivers and streams and the maintenance of biological and linguistic diversity. daccess-ods.un.org |
该研究评估世界不同地区轮垦的各 种传统、习俗和惯例在维持和保护土著人 民的社会文化完整性方面的重要性，包括土著人民作为不同民族的特性，他们的 精神、历史、传统、民主决策规范、社会团结、社会自助做法、文学、音乐、舞 蹈以及与轮垦传统 习俗交织在一起的其他许多文化方面。 daccess-ods.un.org | The present study assesses the importance of the various [...] traditions, practices [...] and usages of shifting cultivation in different parts of the world to the maintenance and protection of the socio-cultural integrity of indigenous peoples, including aspects of their identity as distinct peoples, their spirituality, history, traditions, democratic decision-making norms, social unity, community self-help practices, literature, music, dance and numerous other aspects of their culture that are intricately linked to shifting cultivation traditions [...]and practices. daccess-ods.un.org |
常设论坛应与土著人民、联合国其他机构、各国、各研究机构和非政府组织 [...] 合作，组织、主办或支持关于与土著人民社会文化身份和完整性有关 的 轮垦 各个 方面的国际和区域研讨会、讲习班、座谈会和协商会。 daccess-ods.un.org | In partnership with indigenous peoples, other United Nations agencies, States, research institutions and non-governmental organizations, the Permanent Forum should organize, sponsor or support international and regional seminars, workshops, [...] symposia and consultations on the [...] different aspects of shifting cultivation [...]related to the socio-cultural identity and [...]integrity of indigenous peoples. daccess-ods.un.org |
除了在林地上轮垦 之外 ，这些社区大都会指定专门的森林进行养护、水资源保护和作为食用和药用 植物的宝库。 daccess-ods.un.org | Apart from rotational cropping of forested lands, most of these [...] communities also earmark forests for conservation, water [...]resources protection and as a repository of food and medicinal plants. daccess-ods.un.org |
进行轮垦的社会内的社会、政治、文化和其他传统包括政治决策和社会争端 解决的集体方式和达成共识方式，以及社区协作和安全网系统。 daccess-ods.un.org | The social, political, cultural and other traditions within [...] societies practising shifting cultivation include [...]collective and consensual modes of [...]political decisionmaking and social dispute resolution, as well as community collaboration and safety-net systems. daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，不同地方的轮垦方式 的演变，也有一些基本、细微的差异， 包括休耕期的长短、种植方法、新种子和引进品种试验、土地分配模式、水土流 失控制和社区活动。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition, there are some basic as well as nuanced differences in the way the practice has evolved in different places, including the length of the fallow period, planting methods, experimentation with new and introduced species of seed varieties, modes of distribution of lands, soil erosion control and community activities. daccess-ods.un.org |
常设论坛建议各国停止所有定居生活方案，未经土著人民自由、事先和知情 同意，不得胁迫他们抛弃轮垦耕作改用其他耕作模式。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Permanent Forum recommends that States discontinue all sedentarization and [...] other programmes that coerce indigenous [...] peoples to forsake shifting cultivation [...]for other modes of cultivation without their [...]free, prior and informed consent. daccess-ods.un.org |
狩猎、 捕鱼、传统畜牧、轮垦和采 集等维持生计活动不仅对食物权而言不可或缺，对滋 [...] 养他们的文化、语言、社会生活和同一性也同样必不可少。 daccess-ods.un.org | Subsistence activities such as hunting, fishing, [...] traditional herding, shifting cultivation [...]and gathering are essential not only to the [...]right to food, but to nurturing their cultures, languages, social life and identity. daccess-ods.un.org |
土著问题常设论坛应在其年度会议期间所有相关议程项目(包括经济与社会 发展项目、文化与人权项目)中对轮垦 习 俗 予以高度重视，以帮助保护土著人民 的社会、文化、经济和政治完整性。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues should give high priority to the practice of shifting cultivation in all relevant agenda items during its annual sessions in order to help protect the social, cultural, economic and political integrity of indigenous peoples, including under the agenda items on economic and social development, culture and human rights. daccess-ods.un.org |
当这些社区 遭政府胁迫，放弃轮垦耕作 ，改为其他工作方法，而没有其自由、事先知情同意， 过渡期间没有时间或信息、资本、医疗保健和社会服务时，这种情况就经常发生。 daccess-ods.un.org | This often happens when such communities have been coerced by governments into giving up slash-and-burn agriculture for other forms of work without their free, prior and informed consent, and without the necessary time or the provision of adequate information, capital, health care or social services during the transitional period. daccess-ods.un.org |
学术机构应开展、主持或以其他方式支持 对 轮垦 及 其与土著人民身份和完整 性、他们的土地和资源权利、他们的可持续发展和养护权利的密切关系的客观、 [...] 公正和详尽研究及探讨。 daccess-ods.un.org | Academic institutions should undertake, sponsor or otherwise support [...] objective, unbiased and exhaustive research [...] and study on shifting cultivation and [...]its close relationship to the identity [...]and the integrity of indigenous peoples, their land and resource rights, their right to sustainable development and conservation. daccess-ods.un.org |
可是，最近的研究发现，轮垦地区 贫困加 剧和土地退化的主要原因正是这种不支持的政策环境，而不是农民本身对土地使 用不当”。 daccess-ods.un.org | Recent research, however, has found that the unsupportive policy environment is the main reason for increased poverty and land degradation in shifting cultivation areas, rather than inappropriate land use by the farmers themselves. daccess-ods.un.org |
排放而引起的污染以及由于围垦、发 展沿海旅游和海洋产业而给环境带来的 压力。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Above all, a sustained commitment will be required by the community of industrialized nations. unesdoc.unesco.org |
同他们一样，我们摆脱了外来统治；同他 们一样，我们必须靠自己学会如何开 垦 土 地 ，如 何提高作物产量，以及如何保护自己。 daccess-ods.un.org | Like them, we had shaken off foreign rule; like them, we had to learn for ourselves how to reclaim the land, how to increase the yields of our crops, and how to defend ourselves. daccess-ods.un.org |
这里独特的奇景源于其火山喷发的历史；岛屿大部分被覆盖在火山灰和熔岩下，而兰扎罗特的岛民成功地 开 垦 了 这 里富饶肥沃的土壤。 msccruises.com.cn | Its extraordinary scenery is due to its volcanic origins; large parts of the island are covered with ashes and lava, and Lanzarote's inhabitants have successfully cultivated the rich, fertile soil. msccruises.com.hk |
由于达尔富尔人民没有从 1925 年的《土地垦殖和 注册条例》中获益，因 此将根据关于土地所有权、传统畜牧业路线和获取水资源的机会的习俗、传统和 [...] 遗产，优先修改法律，将土地(Hawakeer)权和土地(Hawakeer)使用权囊括进来。 daccess-ods.un.org | Since the people of Darfur did not benefit [...] from the 1925 Land Settlement and [...]Registration Ordinance, priority shall be given [...]to modifying the laws to include rights to land and its use (hawakeer) in conformity with customs, traditions and heritage on land ownership, traditional livestock routes and access opportunities to water sources. daccess-ods.un.org |
公约》还规定，缔约国应采取适当措施，消 [...] 除对农村妇女的歧视，确保她们有权组织自助团体和合作社，以通过受雇和自营 [...] 职业的途径取得平等的经济机会；有机会取得农业信贷和贷款，利用销售设施， 获得适当技术，并在土地和农业改革以及土 地 垦 殖 计划方面享有平等待遇；以及 享受适当的生活条件，特别是在住房、卫生、水电供应、交通和通讯等方面。 daccess-ods.un.org | It also stipulates that States parties should take appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in rural areas and ensure their rights to organize self-help groups and cooperatives in order to obtain equal access to economic opportunities through employment or self-employment, to have access to agricultural credit and loans, marketing facilities, [...] appropriate technology and equal [...] treatment in land and agrarian reform, as well as in land resettlement [...]schemes, and to enjoy adequate [...]living conditions, particularly in relation to housing, sanitation, electricity and water supply, transport and communications. daccess-ods.un.org |
保护自然森林和泥炭地 碳储存，可持续管理森林，利用本地种进行再造林和土地 复 垦 活 动 ，可持续管理 湿地/沿海生境，采用可持续农业种植法，对限制大气温室气体浓度和人类活动 所致气候变化增加，都可发挥重要作用。 daccess-ods.un.org | The protection of natural forest and peatland carbon stocks, the sustainable management of forests, the use of native assemblages of species in reforestation and land restoration activities, sustainable wetland/coastal habitats management and sustainable agricultural practices play important roles in limiting increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and human-induced climate change. daccess-ods.un.org |
代表团表示，为解决营养问题，提供获得各类食品的途径，政府推行了一 项方案，恢复土地开垦，已 经出现了良好结果。 daccess-ods.un.org | The delegation stated that, with a view to addressing nutritional issues and providing access to a variety of foods, the Government had introduced a programme to revive land cultivation, which had already produced good results. daccess-ods.un.org |
内陆渔业面临的不仅是与捕捞压力有关的严重问题，还有基础 设施发展、排水和土地开垦、持 续或周期抽水、水质受城市、工业 [...] 和农业利用的影响1 。这里，捕捞治理管理体系和相关的社会影响是 重要的，目前正开始得到更多的政策关注。 fao.org | They face significant issues relating not just to fishing pressure but [...] also the impacts of infrastructure development, [...] drainage and land reclamation, [...]continuous or periodic water withdrawals, and [...]water-quality impacts from urban, industrial and agricultural use.1 Here, the governance of fishing and the associated social impacts are important, and they are now starting to receive more policy attention. fao.org |
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