| 单词 | 贸易组织 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 贸易组织 —trade organizationExamples:世界贸易组织—WTO (World Trade Organization) See also:贸易—(commercial) trade 贸易 n—trading n 组织 n—organization n • outfit n • nerve n 组织 v—direct v • line up v
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经社会强调，必须 为贸易提供足够的资金，以促进经济增长，并在此问题上呼吁世 界 贸易组织 和区域各开发银行提供更多的援助。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Commission emphasized the need for [...] adequate trade financing for economic growth and, in that regard, called for increased assistance from WTO and regional [...]development banks. daccess-ods.un.org |
一些国家作出了相当大的努力，对最不发 [...] 达国家产品实行简单和透明的原产地规则，但其他严重的贸易障碍依然存在，包 括有悖世界贸易组织规则 和义务的非关税壁垒，还有就是供应方面的制约因素， [...] 特别是缺乏基础设施和现代技术，以及能源不足。 daccess-ods.un.org | Some countries have or made considerable efforts to implement simple and transparent rules of origin for least developed country products, but other serious obstacles to trade remain, including [...] non-tariff barriers that are [...] inconsistent with World Trade Organization rules and obligations [...]and supply-side constraints, [...]in particular lack of infrastructure and modern technologies and energy deficiency. daccess-ods.un.org |
一些具体意见如下：食品安全是通用概念，因此，正如第 4.2 条里所规定的，在是 [...] 否允许出口国出口不符合国家立法食品方面应该一视同仁；让缺少监控系统的国家执行 法典的问题应予以阐明；当前的文本可能与所制定的食典原则及所利用的国家规章制度 [...] 相抵触；在商业交易和食品援助与捐赠方面，同等待遇的道德守则应更加明确；文本里 的一些规定可能与世界贸易组织的规 定相反。 codexalimentarius.org | A number of specific comments were made as follows: the concept of food safety is universal, thus there should be no exception, as presently in Article 4.2, allowing exporting countries to export food, which does not comply with its national legislation; the issue of implementation of the Code, especially by countries lacking a control system, should be clarified; the present text may contradict some of the principles of Codex insofar as they establish and draw upon national regulatory frameworks; the ethics of equal treatment in terms of commercial transactions and [...] food aid and donations should be made clearer; and some of the provisions in the [...] text may be contrary to WTO provisions. codexalimentarius.org |
八国集团在 2003 年于法国埃维昂举行的首脑会议上设立了非洲伙伴关系论坛， 以支持扩大非洲与经合组织国家，连同非洲联盟、新伙伴关系、欧洲委员会(EC)、 [...] 国际货币基金组织、经合组织、联合国、世界银行、世 界 贸易组织 以 及 非洲经济委 员会之间的高级政策对话。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Africa Partnership Forum was established by the Group of Eight at the summit held in Evian, France, in 2003 to support an expanding senior policy dialogue between Africa and OECD countries together with the African Union, NEPAD, the [...] European Commission (EC), IMF, OECD, the United Nations, the World Bank, [...] and the World Trade Organization (WTO) and ECA. daccess-ods.un.org |
各位部长对施加法律和其他形式的胁迫性经济措施深表关切，包括对发展 中国家的单方面制裁，这破坏了国际法和世 界 贸易组织 的 规则，也严重威胁了 贸易和投资自由。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Ministers, Expressed deep concern at the imposition of laws and other forms of coercive economic measures, including unilateral sanctions, against developing countries, which undermine [...] international law and the rules of [...] the World Trade Organization and also severely threaten freedom of trade and investment. daccess-ods.un.org |
同时，它突显了当前世界经济和金融危机 对贸易流动产生的深远的负面影响；重申维护公平的 [...] 多边贸易体制的重要性，再次呼吁抵制一切保护主义 [...] 倾向并纠正已采取的任何此类措施，同时承认发展中 国家有权充分利用世界贸易组织(世 贸组 织 )下的灵 活性；以及强调多哈回合取得平衡、丰硕和注重发展 [...] 的成果的重要性，他呼吁所有会员国表现出必要的灵 活性和政治意愿，打破目前的谈判僵局，确保早日结 束谈判。 daccess-ods.un.org | At the same time, it highlighted the profoundly negative impact on trade flows of the ongoing world economic and financial crisis; reaffirmed the importance of an equitable multilateral trade system, reiterating the call to resist all protectionist tendencies and to rectify any such measures already taken, while recognizing the right of developing countries to [...] make full use of the flexibilities [...] under the World Trade Organization (WTO); and stressed [...]the importance of a balanced, [...]ambitious and development-oriented outcome of the Doha Round, calling on all Member States to show the necessary flexibility and political will to break the current impasse and ensure the early conclusion of the negotiations. daccess-ods.un.org |
同时世界知识产 权组织和世界贸易组织也会 对正式管理体制外的外界影响做出反应，包括来自成员国和包 括工业、工业协会和非政府组织 (NGO) 等在内的外部压力集团的影响，当然有些成员国 的影响可能会比其它国家大一些。 iprcommission.org | WIPO and the WTO also respond to a range of external influences, outside the formal structure of governance, including from member states, some of which have greater influence than others, and external pressure groups including industry, industry associations and NGOs. iprcommission.org |
给予最不发达国家的特别和优惠待遇及政策灵活性 需要根据具体国家所处的发展阶段，按照世 界 贸易组织 及 区 域和双边协定具体推 行(而不是用时间加以限制)，以便最不发达国家采取能够反映他们特定需求和机 [...] 会的发展战略。 daccess-ods.un.org | Special and differential treatment and policy flexibility for LDCs need to be made operational according to a given country’s stage of development [...] (rather than limiting it by time) [...] within the World Trade Organization and regional and [...]bilateral agreements, so that LDCs [...]can adopt development strategies that reflect their specific needs and opportunities. daccess-ods.un.org |
多位与会者明确指出必须对框架及其功能如何与其他进程及国际谈判，如将 于 2012 [...] 年举行的联合国可持续发展问题会议(里约+20 会议)、世界贸易组织和 《 联合国气候变化框架公约》的进程及国际谈判之间的关联保持敏感，这不仅是 [...] 为了避免重叠和冲突，还是为了找到合适的可能的协同配合。 daccess-ods.un.org | A number of participants flagged the need for sensitivity as to how the framework and its functions would relate to other processes and international negotiations, for example those of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable [...] Development to be held in 2012 [...] (Rio+20), of the World Trade Organization and of the United [...]Nations Framework Convention on [...]Climate Change, in order to avoid duplication and conflicts but also to find possible synergies where feasible. daccess-ods.un.org |
一些具体意见如下：营销母乳代用品方面的法典参考很重要；法典应该通用，着重 保护一些尚无适当食品质量控制措施国家的消费者；法典应集中在第 3 [...] 条的核心规则方 面，不应当用来解决与遵守有关的问题，遵守问题应由食品进出口检验和认证系统委员会 [...] 来处理；一些发展中国家的文盲问题对向消费者提供信息和提高他们对食品安全问题的认 识来说可能是个挑战；该法典不应重申法典文本或世 界 贸易组织 协 议里现有的规定。 codexalimentarius.org | A number of specific comments were made as follows: the reference of the Code on the Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes is important; the Code should be generic and focus on the protection of consumers in countries which do not have adequate control measures for food quality; the Code should concentrate on the core provisions in Article 3 and should not be used to resolve issues dealing with compliance, which should be addressed by the CCFICS; the problem of illiteracy in some developing countries may be a challenge in order to provide consumer information and raise their [...] awareness on food safety issues; and the Code should not reiterate existing [...] provisions in Codex texts or the WTO agreements. codexalimentarius.org |
高等教育的国际合作已被拓宽，在发展中国家高等教育的研究能力已被建立：教科文 组织/非洲大学协会/南非高等教育理事会共同举办的国际讲习班（阿克拉，加纳，4 月 27-29 日）分析了世界贸易组织和服务贸易总协定对非洲的高等教育的影响；第一届亚太地区 研究研讨会（东京，日本，5 月 13--14 日）产生了针对亚洲研究政策的变化而进行九个国别 研究；教科文组织论坛非定期论文系列出版了五篇关于高等教育体系和政策的学术论文。 unesdoc.unesco.org | International cooperation in higher education was broadened and research capacity in higher education in developing countries was built up through: an international UNESCO/Association of African Universities/Council for Higher Education (CHE) of South Africa, workshop (27-29 April, Accra, Ghana), which analysed the implications of WTO/GATS on higher education in Africa; the first Regional Research Seminar for Asia and the Pacific (1314 May, Tokyo, Japan) producing nine country studies on changing research policies in Asia; and five academic papers in the UNESCO Forum Occasional Papers Series on higher education systems and policies. unesdoc.unesco.org |
忆及《多哈部长级会议关于与贸易有关的知识产权和公共卫生方面的协定问 题宣言》申明，这些协定没有也不应该阻止世 界 贸易组织 成 员 国采取措施保护公 众健康，因此，宣言重申了对协定的承诺，同时强调，协定的解释和执行可以而 且应该支持世界贸易组织成员 国保护公众健康的权利，特别是促进所有人获得药 品的机会；并承认，在这方面世界 贸易组织 成 员 国有权充分利用上述协定的规 定，协定对此作了灵活的规定 daccess-ods.un.org | Recalling that the Doha Ministerial Declaration on the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and Public Health confirms that the Agreement does not and [...] should not prevent [...] members of the World Trade Organization from taking measures to protect public health and that the Declaration, accordingly, while reiterating the commitment to the Agreement, affirms that it can and should be interpreted and implemented in a manner supportive of the rights of members of the Organization to protect public health and, in particular, to promote access to medicines for all, and further recognizes, in this connection, the right of members of the Organization to use, to the [...]full, the provisions [...]of the above-mentioned Agreement, which provide flexibility for this purpose daccess-ods.un.org |
与此同时，委员会虽然目前主要关注的是投 [...] 资问题，但并不是第一次研究最惠国条款这一主题，有代表团忆及于此，表示怀 疑这一专题是否可能编纂成法，并进一步指出，这一主题十分复杂，而且同国际 [...] 法的其他领域密切相关、相互交织，特别是同属于联合国国际贸易法委员会(贸 易法委员会)和世界贸易组织(世贸组 织 )范 围的国际私法、贸易法和投资密切相 关、相互交织。 daccess-ods.un.org | At the same, recalling that the Commission was not taking up the subject for the first time, albeit at the present instance focusing on investment, the view was expressed doubting the viability of the topic in terms of its possible codification, noting further that the subject was complex, and closely related to and intertwined with other fields of international law, particularly private international law, trade law and investment, areas within [...] the domain of the United Nations Commission on [...] International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). daccess-ods.un.org |
为了提高对世界贸易组织(世贸组织 )相 关问题的认识和了解， 尤其是提高最不发达国家和内陆发展中国家的认识和了解，2011 年 启动了一系列培训活动和技术援助，包括：在曼谷举行的世贸组织/ 亚太经社会区域讨论会/讲习班，以探讨各相关领域的问题，如 世贸 组织和区域贸易协定问题，以及关于知识产权的研究。 daccess-ods.un.org | With the aim of enhancing [...] awareness and understanding on World Trade Organization (WTO) issues, in particular for those from least developed countries and landlocked developing countries, a series of training activities and technical assistance were initiated in 2011, including WTO/ESCAP regional seminars/workshops in Bangkok on areas such as WTO and regional trade agreements, and research on [...]intellectual property. daccess-ods.un.org |
在同一次会议上，相关国家方世界 贸易组织 代 表 发了言。 daccess-ods.un.org | At the same meeting, the [...] representative of the World Trade Organization made a statement [...]as a concerned party. daccess-ods.un.org |
深切关注世界贸易组织的贸易谈 判没有取得进展，重申多哈发展回合在农 业、非农业产品的市场准入、贸易便利化、发展和服务业等关键领域需要取得成 功结果 daccess-ods.un.org | Expressing deep concern over the lack of [...] progress in the trade negotiations of the World Trade Organization, and reaffirming [...]the need for a successful [...]outcome of the Doha Development Round in key areas such as agriculture, market access for non-agricultural products, trade facilitation, development and services daccess-ods.un.org |
世界贸易组织(世贸组织)没 有制订针对小岛屿发展中国家的特别措施，但是 2002 年确立了一个关于小经济 [...] 体的工作方案，并于 2006 年通过了关于协助小经济体履行义务的措施的建议。 daccess-ods.un.org | While the World Trade Organization (WTO) does [...] not have specific measures for small island developing States, it created [...]a work programme on small economies in 2002, and in 2006 adopted recommendations on measures to assist small economies in meeting their obligations. daccess-ods.un.org |
世界贸易组织通过 降低关税已经消除了很多国与国之间以及人 之间的障碍。 paiz.gov.pl | The WTO has eliminated many barriers between countries and people by reducing tariffs. paiz.gov.pl |
转型期经济体在二战后的几十年间局部地与全球经济分离，由于 加入世界贸易组织(世贸组织)的 进程缓慢，自 1990 年以来在获得正常关税待遇 [...] 方面遇到很多困难，2010 年的世界出口占额为 4.1%。 daccess-ods.un.org | The economies in transition, which became partially segmented from the [...] rest of the global economy in the [...] decades after the Second World War and since 1990 have [...]encountered problems in obtaining [...]normal tariff treatment owing to slow progress in obtaining accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), accounted for 4.1 per cent of world exports in 2010. daccess-ods.un.org |
2010年2月9日，经济及社会理事会第 2 次会议决定于 2010 年 3 月 18 日和 19 日在总部与布雷顿森林机构、世界 贸易组织 和 联 合国贸易和发展会议举行高级 别特别会议。 daccess-ods.un.org | At its 2nd meeting, on 9 February 2010, the Economic and Social Council decided that its special high-level meeting with the Bretton [...] Woods institutions, [...] the World Trade Organization and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development [...]would be held [...]at United Nations Headquarters on 18 and 19 March 2010. daccess-ods.un.org |
鉴于电子逆向拍卖的使用日渐增多，同时考虑到协调和促进最佳做法的双 重目标，工作组商定：㈠在《示范法》修订案文中列入一项一般性授权条文， 规定使用电子逆向拍卖的主要原则，特别是电子逆向拍卖的使用条件和使用限 [...] 制；㈡将《示范法》规定的电子逆向拍卖限定于某些类型的购买，为此使得非 [...] 价格标准可以量化、规格可予以提供、竞争性市场得以存在；㈢在《指南》中 详细论述电子逆向拍卖的使用；㈣参照世 界 贸易组织 多 边 《政府采购协定》在 使用电子逆向拍卖方面的做法（A/CN.9/575，第 [...]60-62、66 和 67 段）。 daccess-ods.un.org | Taking account of the increasing use of ERAs and the twin aims of harmonization and promotion of best practice, the Working Group agreed: (i) to include in the revised Model Law a general enabling provision providing the key principles for the use of ERAs, notably the conditions for and limitations to the use of ERAs; (ii) to confine ERAs under the Model Law to some types of purchases for which non-price criteria could be quantified, specifications could be provided and a competitive market existed; (iii) to address in the Guide the use of ERAs in detail; and (iv) to take into account the approach of the [...] multilateral Government Procurement [...] Agreement of the World Trade Organization as regards the [...]use of ERAs (A/CN.9/575, paras. 60-62, 66 and 67). daccess-ods.un.org |
此外，报告 应该更多强调区域合作的重要性，特别是通过区 域 贸易组织 进 行合作的重要性。 multilateralfund.org | Furthermore, the importance of regional cooperation, in particular [...] through regional trade organizations, should receive [...]more emphasis. multilateralfund.org |
(a) 2011 年世界经济形势和前景( 与经济和社会事务 部及联合国各区域委员会合作 )； (b) 2010 年关税概况( 与世界贸易组织和国际贸 易中心合作 )；(c) 经济危机后的国际贸易( 与日本对外贸易组织合作)；(d) “南亚 纺织品和服装业潜在供应链的确定”( 与英联邦秘书处和世界贸易组织印度 研究 中心合作 )；(e) “强化非洲共同市场的成就”( 与非洲联盟委员会合作)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Analytical inputs were provided to the following joint outputs: (a) World Economic Situation and Prospects 2011 (with the Department of Economic and Social Affairs and the United Nations regional commissions); (b) [...] Tariff Profiles 2010 (with [...] the World Trade Organization and the International Trade Centre); (c) International Trade after the Economic Crisis (with the Japan External Trade Organization); (d) Identification of potential supply chains in textiles and clothing sector in South Asia (with the Commonwealth Secretariat and Centre for World Trade Organization Studies of India); [...]and (e) Strengthening [...]the achievement of the African common market (with the African Union Commission). daccess-ods.un.org |
他呼吁世界贸易组织（世贸组织） 成员确保在关于内陆发展中国家的入世谈判中将其 困境考虑在内，并且不要求内陆发展中国家做出超 [...] 越其经济、财政和发展能力的让步。 daccess-ods.un.org | He appealed to the [...] members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to ensure [...]that accession negotiations for landlocked developing [...]countries took their predicament into account and did not require concessions beyond their economic, financial and development capacities. daccess-ods.un.org |
他们认为知识产 [...] 权不是一个有关贸易的事宜，他们进一步提出，既然《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》主要 对发达国家有利，这就削弱了世界 贸易组织 作 为 一个为所有国家利益促进自由贸易的机构 的可信度。 iprcommission.org | They argue that intellectual property is not a matter concerned with trade, and further, that as TRIPS will principally benefit the [...] developed countries, the [...] credibility of the WTO as an instrument to promote free trade in the interests [...]of all countries is weakened. iprcommission.org |
教科文组织拉丁美洲和加勒比地区国际高等教育研究所正协调一个地区研究 项目，研究高等教育新的办学者，世 界 贸易组织 背 景 下教育的商业化及其对该地区的影响， 作为全球论坛的内容之一。 unesdoc.unesco.org | IESALC is coordinating a regional study on new higher education providers, the commercialization of the educational services in the framework of the WTO, and their implications for the region, as an input to the Global Forum. unesdoc.unesco.org |
服务业是中国发展最迅速的部门，在加入世 界 贸易组织 以 后，欧盟对中国提出许多 《服务贸易总协定》（General Agreement in Trade in Services ，GATS）的要求，要 求「改善」在 12 个服务领域所作的承诺，特 別是取消限制外国人进入市场、所有权（合 资）、和全国性的平等待遇，尤其在零售、 财务、保险和电信业部门。 eu-china.net | After the WTO accession, the EU asked China in a number of General Agreement in Trade in Services (GATS) requests to “improve” the commitments made in 12 service sectors, in particular to eliminate restrictions on foreign entry, ownership (joint ventures) and national treatment, particularly in retail, finance and insurance, and telecommunications. eu-china.net |
委员会要求继续并进一步增强秘书处所开展的、旨在帮助各发 展中国家、特别是最不发达国家有效参与多边贸易体系的技术援助活动， 并为此与全球和区域两级的合作伙伴开展密切协作，特别是世 界 贸易组织 (世贸组织)和 联合国贸易与发展会议(贸发会议)。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Committee called for the continuation and strengthening of the secretariat’s technical assistance activities aimed at helping developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, to participate effectively in the multilateral trading system in close collaboration with partners at the global and regional levels, in particular the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. daccess-ods.un.org |
全球粮食安全高级别工作队成员包括粮农组织、农发基金、国际劳工组织(劳 [...] 工组织)、国际货币基金组织(基金组织)、经济和社会事务部(经社部)、人道主 义事务协调厅(人道协调厅)、联合国人权事务高级专员办事处(人权高专办)、开 [...] 发署、联合国儿童基金会(儿童基金会)、世界粮食计划署(粮食计划署)、世界银 行、世界贸易组织(世贸组织)和 秘书长办公厅，其秘书处设在罗马的农发基金内。 daccess-ods.un.org | The secretariat of the High-Level Task Force on Global Food Security, whose members include FAO, IFAD, the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, UNDP, the United Nations [...] Children’s Fund (UNICEF), WFP, the World [...] Bank, the World Trade Organization and the Executive [...]Office of the Secretary-General, is hosted by IFAD in Rome. daccess-ods.un.org |
其最近的出版物包括《可持续发展的贸易与环境议程之展望》（与 Najam和 Halle合著，Palgrave Macmillan出版社，2007年），《重建全球贸易：构建一个更公平和更可持续之未来的提案》（与 [...] [...] Deere共同编辑，牛津大学和国际贸易和可持续发展中心出版，2009），《WTO绿箱中的农业补贴：确保与可持续发展目标相符》（剑桥大学出版社，2009），《知识产权与可持续发展：变动世界中的发展议程》（Edward Elgar出版社，2010年），《世界 贸易组织 中 的 争端解决：发展中国家的经验》（剑桥大学出版社，2010年11月）。 bridges-china.com | Some of his recent publications include “Envisioning a Sustainable Development Agenda for Trade and Environment” (co‐authored with A. Najam and M. Halle, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007) and as co‐editor of “Rebuilding Global Trade: Proposals for A Fairer, More Sustainable Future”(with C. Deere, Global Economic Governance Programme at Oxford U. and ICTSD, 2009); “Agricultural Subsidies in the WTO Green Box: Ensuring Coherence with Sustainable Development Goals” (Cambridge U. Press, 2009); “Intellectual Property and Sustainable Development: Development Agendas in a Changing [...] World” (Edward Elgar, 2010); and, “Dispute [...] Settlement at the WTO: The Developing Country [...]Experience (Cambridge U. Press, November 2010). bridges-china.com |
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