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External sources (not reviewed)

The United States is taking concrete measures to make border and aviation security measures more effective and targeted to eliminate profiling based on race, religion, or ethnicity.

That the law enforcement authorities put an end to stop and search practices based on religious and ethnic profiling (Pakistan)

[...] [...] existence of racial profiling and police violence; [...][...]

In the context of immigration enforcement, the United States recognized concerns regarding racial and ethnic profiling by local law enforcement officials and reaffirmed its commitment and recent actions to combat profiling through significantly strengthened protections and training against such discrimination.

In its resolution 64/156 entitled “Combating defamation of religions”, the General Assembly referred to a wide range of manifestations of intolerance, including acts of violence based on religion, xenophobic opinions, ideological superiority platforms, the propagation of religious hatred by extremist organizations, discrimination based on religion or belief, including multiple forms of discrimination against minorities, the stigmatization of religious communities under pretexts relating to security and irregular immigration, infringements on the right to practise one’s religion freely and without fear, intimidation motivated by religious or other extremism, the negative stereotyping of certain religions by the media, counter-terrorism measures targeting Muslim and other minorities, ethnic and religious profiling, incitement to religious hatred, and the targeting of places of worship and religious symbols.

Recalling its general recommendation No. 31 (2005), the Committee urges the State party to take effective measures to eradicate the practice of identity checks based on ethnic or racial profiling.

In the field of policing, serious concerns include the use of racial profiling as a systemic practice, biased and heavy-handed policing of some minority communities and allegations of excessive use of force leading to deaths, particularly of young black males.

The reports appear to fall under five broad and non-exhaustive categories: (a) acts of violence or discrimination, or incitement thereto, against individuals on the basis of their religion or belief; (b) attacks on religious sites; (c) religious and ethnic profiling; (d) religious symbols; and (e) negative stereotyping of religions, their followers and sacred persons.

Data-mining software that performs “sentiment analysis”, which extracts and summarizes opinions from unstructured human-authored documents on the Internet in order to create a terrorist profile - and which is apparently used by intelligence agencies in the United States, Canada, China, Germany, Israel, Singapore and Taiwan18 - must not be used as the basis for deprivation of liberty or inclusion on “watch lists” that may impede air travel, banking, and employment opportunities at airports or in places where radioactive materials are used, such as hospitals.

Deep concern was also expressed over the frequent and wrong association of Islam with terrorism, the ethnic and religious profiling of Muslim minorities in the aftermath of the tragic events of 11 September 2001, and the stigmatization of Muslim minorities.