| 单词 | 论法 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 论法 —argumentationExamples:方法论—methodology
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这次会议聚集了国际社会和前南斯拉夫各国 350 多名与会者，讨 论法庭遗 产的各方面问题，特别是在前南斯拉夫地区的遗产问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | This Conference gathered more than 350 participants from the international community [...] and the countries of the former [...] Yugoslavia to discuss aspects of the Tribunal’s legacy, [...]particularly in the region of the former Yugoslavia. daccess-ods.un.org |
讨论法治和 联合国不能不涉及联合国新的内部 司法系统，尤其是因为新的系统的周年即将到来。 daccess-ods.un.org | United Nations would be complete without addressing the system for the internal administration of justice, particularly since we are about to reach the first anniversary of the new system. daccess-ods.un.org |
审计委员会的意见和结论已与法庭讨 论 ， 法 庭 的 观点也已适当反映在本报告 中。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Board’s observations and conclusions were discussed with the Tribunal, whose views have been appropriately reflected in the present report. daccess-ods.un.org |
本报告除了说明过去一年采取的步骤、取得的成就和遇到的挫折之外，还旨在讨 论法庭面临的一些一般性问题和挑战，并思考法庭的设立所涉问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | In addition to illustrating the steps taken, achievements accomplished and setbacks [...] encountered during the past [...] year, it aims to discuss a number of general problems and challenges facing the Tribunal and [...]to reflect on the implications [...]of its establishment of that body. daccess-ods.un.org |
由于这次非常成功的会议，捐助方和发展中国家都提出请求将这种公 私讨论法扩大到非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲的区域活动。 daccess-ods.un.org | As a consequence of this very successful meeting, there were requests from both donor and [...] developing countries to extend the [...] public–private discussion approach to regional events [...]in Africa, Asia and Latin America. daccess-ods.un.org |
亦设计了一个数据库，力求在宗教 间对话领域建立一个专门的妇女信仰协会/组织网络，加强 方 法论 、 做 法 和 工 具的交流。 unesdoc.unesco.org | A database has also been designed to build a special network of women faith-based [...] associations/organizations in the field of interreligious dialogue and to enhance their [...] exchange of methodologies, practices and tools. unesdoc.unesco.org |
代表团还注意到，特别报告员 提出了一些需关注的领域，包括有必要针对土地改革制定具有法律约束力的国家 准则；立法进程有待进一步透明化，应与更广泛的社区共同 讨 论法 律 草案对人权 问题的影响；此外，应设立政府和公民社会论坛，以加强合作环境，促进该国的 民主和人权。 daccess-ods.un.org | The delegation also noted that the Special Rapporteur had identified a number of areas of concern, including the need to develop binding national guidelines to address land reform; making the legislative process [...] more transparent by [...] sharing draft legislation with an impact on human rights issues with the wider community; and creating a Government and civil society forum to foster an environment [...]of cooperation [...]to strengthen democracy and human rights in the country. daccess-ods.un.org |
(a) 法官必须展现并倡导高标准的司法行为，以增强人们对联合国内部司法 廉正的信任； (b) 除执行司法职务之外，法官不得公开 评 论法 庭 待决的任何案件的案情实 质，或者发表根据合理预期可能会影响诉讼程序的结果或损害明显的程序公平的 评论；(c) 法官受专业保密义务的约束，须对与其他法官一起的评议以及在履行职 daccess-ods.un.org | ( b ) Save in the discharge of judicial office, judges must not comment publicly on the merits of any case pending before the Tribunals or make any comment that might reasonably be expected to affect the outcome of such proceedings or impair the manifest fairness of the process daccess-ods.un.org |
无论法院裁 决和裁决的时机如何，同样，至关重 要的是，塞尔维亚共和国首先必须彻底停止其在科索 [...] 沃的阻碍性干涉行为，因为它严重破坏我们为最终恢 复科索沃全境的法治而开展的共同努力，“共同”是 说科索沃、欧洲联盟驻科索沃法治特派团和其他国际 存在。 daccess-ods.un.org | Regardless of the Court ruling and [...] the timing of the ruling, again it is crucial that, first, the Republic of Serbia cease [...]once and for all its obstructive interference in Kosovo, because it is severely undermining our joint efforts — and “joint” means Kosovo, the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo and other international presences — to finally restore the rule of law throughout Kosovo. daccess-ods.un.org |
最后，关于裁决没有给出充分理由，意味着侵犯了获得有效司法保护的权利的 论点，法院认 为裁决证明是有正当理由的，符合宪法法院之前阐述的关于司法 判决的意见，大意是提供理由的要求并不意味着要求法院对当事人可能就审议 的问题提出的每个方面或观点都提供详尽无遗的 司 法论 点 ； 支持司法裁定的理 由表明裁定是依据基本的法律标准——判决理由——作出的，应当认为是充分 的。 daccess-ods.un.org | Lastly, with regard to the argument concerning the lack of reasons given for the award, which would [...] mean that the right of [...] effective judicial protection had been infringed, the Court considered that the award had been duly justified, in line with the opinion previously set out by the Constitutional Court with regard to judicial decisions to the effect that the requirement to provide reasons did not mean that the Court was required to provide an exhaustive and detailed judicial argument on every aspect [...]or point of view that the parties might raise on the question under consideration; [...]judicial decisions supported by reasons that demonstrated the essential legal criteria underpinning the decision — the daccess-ods.un.org |
M. Mielziner，介绍犹太法典，辛辛那提（也给出了很好的书目犹太法典，这项工作的第二部分包含一个明确的解释学 讨 论 和 方 法论 的 犹 太法典）。 mb-soft.com | M. Mielziner, Introduction to the Talmud, Cincinnati (also gives good bibliography of the [...] Talmud; the second part of this work [...] contains a clear discussion of the hermeneutics and the methodology of the Talmud). mb-soft.com |
世界银行采用的也是这种方 法，因此，在方法论中将 具体讨论这种方法38 (见附件 1 表 15)。 daccess-ods.un.org | The same approach is used by the World Bank and thus the same approach is present in this methodology.38 (Table 15 from Annex No. 1). daccess-ods.un.org |
多年来，各方已做出重大努力，建立人权指标 方 法论 ， 包 括由人权高专办制 定并经各人权条约机构认可的概念和方法框架。 daccess-ods.un.org | Over the years, significant efforts have been made to [...] establish methodologies for human rights indicators, including a conceptual and methodological framework [...]developed by OHCHR and [...]endorsed by the human rights treaty bodies. daccess-ods.un.org |
取得的成果包括：从制度规范角度巩固了对法案进行性别鉴定的程序和机 制；为其实行奠定了方法论基础；对《宪法》，一系列法典、法律和法案进行性 别鉴定；设立了总统下属的国家妇女、家庭和性别发展问题委员会；在吉尔吉斯 共和国议会形成了必须获得《法律草案性别鉴定结论》的惯例；推广了使用按性 别划分的统计信息的惯例；建立了监测和评估妇女地位的国家体系；根据《北京 行动纲要》、《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》和《千年发展目标》制订了相应 的性别指标。 daccess-ods.un.org | The results: there has been an institutional and normative strengthening of procedures and mechanisms for the assessment of draft laws and regulations from a gender perspective; a methodological basis for such assessments has been created; the Constitution, a number of codes, laws and legislation are now subject to assessment from a gender perspective; the President’s national council on questions relating to women, the family and gender mainstreaming is now functioning; it has become the practice of the Parliament to receive an assessment of proposed legislation from a gender perspective; the use of gender-disaggregated statistics has grown; a system of national mechanisms has been set up to monitor and evaluate the status of women; and standardized gender indicators have been produced on the basis of the Beijing Platform for Action, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Millennium Development Goals. daccess-ods.un.org |
会议建议，缔约国应思考如何使各方能够就请求 开展必要的深入分析和讨论，以确保提出高质量的请求仍然是规范 做 法。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was suggested that the States Parties reflect on [...] how they can enable [...] the necessary in-depth analysis and discussion of the requests in order to ensure [...]that high quality requests continue to be the norm. daccess-ods.un.org |
就方法论而言 ，有人建议，应考虑将条款草案重组为五个部分的可能性： 第一部分应确定该条款草案的范围和规定“驱逐”的含义；第二部分提出如果要 [...] 在国际范围内以合法方式进行驱逐所必须符合的实质性条件；第三部分应该包括 程序事项；第四部分可能包含涉及遭受驱逐者财产的有关规定；第五部分则专门 [...]讨论过境国和目的地国的法律义务。 daccess-ods.un.org | As far as methodology was concerned, it was [...] suggested that consideration should be given to the possibility of reorganizing [...]the draft articles in five parts: a first part should determine the scope of the draft articles and define “expulsion”; the second might set forth the substantive conditions that had to be met if expulsion were to be internationally lawful; a third part should cover procedural matters; a fourth part might contain provisions concerning the property of the expelled person; and a fifth part might be devoted to the legal obligations of the States of transit and destination. daccess-ods.un.org |
跨学科对话，向“他人”开放， 以及比较和对照的方法论等都 是这个即将举行的大会的重要宗旨。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Interdisciplinary dialogue, openness to others and comparatism will be the major lines of emphasis of the congress. unesdoc.unesco.org |
基于 2011 年 6 月在毛里求斯举行 的印度洋委员会区域司法论坛第 三届会议提出的建 议，与欧洲司法网和萨赫勒国家区域司法平台等其他 论坛联合建立了一个司法合作网络。 daccess-ods.un.org | The recommendations adopted in June 2011 at the third meeting [...] of the IOC regional [...] platform on justice in Mauritius had led to the formation of a network on judicial cooperation, in conjunction [...]with other forums [...]such as the European Judicial Network (EUROJUST) and the Judicial Regional Platform of Sahel countries. daccess-ods.un.org |
目前有大量的文 [...] 献讨论更牢固的专利制度对外来投资、特许行为和技术转让的影响程度，由于缺少资料或 方法论，其 中许多文献得出的只是暂时的结论。 iprcommission.org | There is a considerable [...] literature which discusses the extent to [...]which stronger IPRs influence foreign investment, licensing [...]behaviour and the transfer of technology. iprcommission.org |
已有方法论可以 通过采用案例研究和国家建模来 量化或衡量各种自下而上方法的效益; 其他方法， 例如分配模型或比较分析更适应于自上而下的方法 (Winkler 等 2008)。 undpcc.org | Methodologies are available to quantify or measure the benefits of various bottom-up approaches, using [...] case studies and national modelling; [...]others such as allocation models or comparative analysis are more suitable to top-down approaches (Winkler et al. 2008 ). undpcc.org |
因此在方法论方面首先要介绍喀麦隆促进和保护人权的法律框架(二)，然后 对委员会的每个提议和建议做出答复(四)，最后在喀麦隆保护经济、社会及文化 [...] 权利系统框架下对《公约》每个条款的具体执行做出评估分析(五)。 daccess-ods.un.org | Accordingly, the method followed consists [...] in a presentation of the legal framework for the promotion and protection of human [...]rights in Cameroon (section II), responses to every recommendation and suggestion of the Committee (section IV) and, lastly, a detailed assessment of the specific implementation of the individual articles of the Covenant through Cameroon's economic, social and cultural rights protection system (section V). daccess-ods.un.org |
为协助 各国对付针对粮食生产的恐怖主义而开展的活动包括：(a) 进行关于食品安全、 动植物健康问题的能力建设(培训班、各种项目),包括促进风险分析和加强基层 能力，以确保国家能够监测、诊断、报告和应对病虫害和疾病的爆发；(b) 食品 标准法典委 员会和国际植物保护公约制定有关标准；(c) 设立一个食物链管理框 架以便对跨界动植物病虫害和疾病造成的食物链危机、粮食安全威胁和紧急情 况，以及对核放射性威胁级紧急情况，进行预防、预警、防备和应对工作；组织 国际论坛讨论与粮食和农业相关的生物风险管理问题。 daccess-ods.un.org | Specific activities that assisted countries in relation to terrorism targeted at food products included: (a) capacity-building (training courses, projects) concerning food safety, animal and plant health, including promotion of risk analyses and developing base-level capacity to ensure national ability to monitor, diagnose, report and respond to pest and disease outbreaks; (b) the standard [...] setting work of the Codex [...] Alimentarius Commission and the International Plant Protection Convention; (c) the establishment of a Food Chain Crisis Management Framework for prevention, early warning, preparedness and response to food chain crises caused by transboundary animal and plant pests and diseases, food safety threats and emergencies, as well as nuclear and radiological threats and emergencies; and the organization of international forums to discuss [...]biological risk management [...]in relation to food and agriculture. daccess-ods.un.org |
顾问将负责：（1）研究和制定普遍适用但又灵活的方法，或者第 5 条国家 [...] 公司通过民办碳市场获得资金的战略，以及（2）基于现有方法并通过案例研究 （如果适用）表明的最好的做法，提出相应的处置 方 法论。 multilateralfund.org | The Consultant will be responsible for 1) researching and developing universal but flexible approaches, or strategies for companies of Article 5 countries to access funding through voluntary carbon markets and for 2) proposing corresponding [...] disposal methodologies, based on best practice [...] from existing approaches and illustrated [...]through case studies (where applicable). multilateralfund.org |
为全球化 (G11n) 和本地化 [...] (L10n)测试提供以任务和质量为导向的软件测试 方 法论 ， 能够对项目工作流程、质量保证流程以及文思海辉全球化卓越中心（COE）中的程序进行优化。 pactera.com | Task- and quality-oriented [...] software testing methodologies for G11n and [...]L10n testing allow for optimization of project workflows [...]as well as quality assurance processes and procedures nurtured in the Pactera i18n Center of Excellence (COE). pactera.com |
在根据本节停止某条船只的注册后，停止注册时的该船只注册船主应在停止 注册后 30 日内将船籍证书送交登记官员注销，如果未在规定期限内送交船籍证 书，应作违法论处， 经定罪后可处以不超过 10 000 文莱元的罚款。 daccess-ods.un.org | Where the registry of a ship is closed under this section, the registered owner of the ship at the time of the closure shall, within 30 days of the closure, deliver up the certificate of registry to the Registrar for cancellation and if he fails to deliver up the certificate of registry within the specified period, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding BND$ 10,000. daccess-ods.un.org |
尤其是，有必要研究一 些因素，譬如项目周期，新项目种类接受和新 方 法论 通 过 的原则，符合补偿项目条 件的国家一方面确定如何能够使围绕消耗臭氧层物质的特别问题/要求与《蒙特利 [...] 尔议定书》相符合，另一方面当探讨通过诸如芝加哥气候交易所这样的现存市场集 [...]资的机会时，国家必须考虑哪些因素。 multilateralfund.org | In particular, there is a need to look at elements such as the project cycles, the [...] rules for acceptability of new project [...] types and new methodologies approval, the countries [...]eligible for offset projects to [...]determine how the special issues/requirements surrounding ODS and the Montreal Protocol can be incorporated on the one hand, and on the other, what considerations countries must take into account when exploring opportunities for financing through existing markets such as CCX. multilateralfund.org |
对于具有对时间敏感且需求频繁的“冲刺”项目，文思海辉在应对这些项目面临的具体挑战所需的 方 法论 方 面 具有丰富经验，我们使用工作流程自动化技术，提升沟通效率，满足敏捷项目的关键周转时间要求。 pactera.com | For those “sprint” projects with frequent, time [...] sensitive requirements, Pactera is [...] experienced in the methodologies necessary to handle [...]the specific challenges for these [...]projects, and we use technology to automate the workflow as well as to create efficiencies in communication, in order to meet the critical turnaround times in Agile projects. pactera.com |
在利比里亚，儿童基金会正在领导制定儿 童司法问题国家共同办法，儿童司法在 [...] 2008-2012 年联合国发展援助框架的背景 下获得国家法制小组的批准，并促成了由司法部主持的儿童 司 法论 坛。 daccess-ods.un.org | In Liberia, UNICEF is leading the development of a national common approach to child justice that was endorsed by the national rule of law group in the context of the United Nations Development [...] Assistance Framework (2008-2012), resulting in the establishment of a [...] child justice forum chaired by the Ministry of Justice. daccess-ods.un.org |
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