| 单词 | 警民冲突 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 警民冲突 —a clash between the police and the peopleSee also:警民—the police and the people (usually in opposition) 民警 n—civilian police n 民警—civil police • PRC police 冲突—conflict • contention • clash of opposing forces • collision (of interests)
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在妇女地位委员会第四十八届会议上，会员国强调：必须改善在妇女及性别 问题方面的信息搜集、分析和收录工作，作为预 防 冲突 和 预 警 措 施 的一部分；确 保促进两性平等的努力和预防冲突的努力之间有更好的协作与协调；支持能力建 设，特别是民间社 会、尤其是妇女组织的能力建设，以便增强社区对预防冲突的 承诺；并确保妇女参与预防冲突战略的拟订和执行。 un.org | At the forty-eighth session of the Commission on the Status of Women, Member States emphasized the need to: improve the collection, analysis and inclusion of information [...] on women and gender [...] issues as part of conflict prevention and early warning efforts; ensure better collaboration and coordination between efforts to promote gender equality and efforts aimed at conflict prevention; support capacity-building, especially for civil society and in [...]particular for women’s [...]organizations, to increase community commitment to conflict prevention; and ensure women’s participation in the elaboration and implementation of strategies for preventing conflict. un.org |
已设立一个专门的平台，帮助这些国家：重建教育体制，以实现 全 民 教育 的最终目标；在解决因自然资源而引发的 冲 突 方 面 提供咨询意见和专长；振兴国 内研究设施；将防灾与减灾活动相结合，特别是将 预 警 系 统纳 入 冲突 后 和灾后恢 复活动；以及保护遭到破坏的文化和自然遗产等。 daccess-ods.un.org | A dedicated platform was established to assist countries in those situations to reconstruct their education systems, with the ultimate goal of achieving education for all; to provide [...] policy advice and [...] expertise on resolving conflicts that may arise over natural resources; to revitalize in-country research facilities; to integrate disaster prevention and mitigation efforts, particularly early-warning systems, into post-conflict and disaster responses; [...]and to protect [...]and rehabilitate damaged cultural and natural heritage. daccess-ods.un.org |
因此，维持和平行动应严格执行安全理事会的 授权，尊重当事国主权，避免其维持和平人员成为 冲突一方，警惕搞 政权更迭的企图，并确保打着保 护平民的旗 号而开展的活动实际上不能造成更多平 民伤亡。 daccess-ods.un.org | Accordingly, peacekeeping operations should comply strictly with the mandate conferred upon them by the Security Council, [...] respect the [...] sovereignty of the parties, guard against their own members becoming involved in conflicts, desist from attempts [...]at regime change and ensure that activities conducted ostensibly to protect civilians did not in fact cause more civilian casualties. daccess-ods.un.org |
国家警察部队和国民警卫队 仅限于执行现有关于国籍、出入境、身份文件、 移民等法规，而不得考虑被执行人的身体条件，但上述要求与针对特殊人群在特 定状况下，如孕妇、未成年人或残疾人，所受到的特殊待遇不 相 冲突。 daccess-ods.un.org | The security forces and agencies of State confine themselves to applying the existing regulations governing nationality, entering and leaving the country, identity documentation, immigration, etc. At no time do they take account of physical condition, without prejudice, however, to the provision of special treatment for specific persons in specific circumstances, such as pregnant women, minors or persons with disabilities. daccess-ods.un.org |
就建立预警和快速反应机制而言，开展预防性外 交的目的应当是认识到危机与冲突的 警 讯 ， 当对话中 断或陷入僵局时促使各利益攸关方重开对话，并促进 和解或再度和解，以加强民族共识，因为这对于维持 长久和平与稳定都至关重要。 daccess-ods.un.org | With respect to the establishment of early warning and rapid response mechanisms, preventive diplomacy [...] should be aimed at recognizing crisis and conflict warning signs, contribute to re-launching dialogue between stakeholders when dialogue has broken down or become bogged down, and promote conciliation or reconciliation in order to strengthen the national consensus that is so crucial to preserving lasting peace and stability. [...] daccess-ods.un.org |
进一 步努力加强建立 PCPD 平台，着重帮助这些国家重教育体制，实现 全 民 教 育的最终目标；在 解决冲突中提 供有关自然资源，振兴国内研究设施，将防灾和减灾活动相结合，特别是将预 警系统纳入冲突后和 灾后恢复活动，以及保护遭到破坏的文化和自然遗产等方面提供咨询意 见和专门技术。 unesdoc.unesco.org | To further strengthen efforts, a dedicated PCPD platform was established which focuses on assisting countries in reconstructing their education systems with the ultimate goal of realizing education for all; providing [...] policy advice and [...] expertise on resolving conflicts that may arise over natural resources; revitalizing in-country research facilities; integrating disaster prevention and mitigation efforts, particularly early warning systems into post-conflict and disaster [...]responses; and protecting [...]and rehabilitating damaged cultural and natural heritage. unesdoc.unesco.org |
示范战略和实际措施》增订本认识到有些特殊的妇女群体特别容易遭受暴 力行为，无论是由于其国籍、族裔、宗教和语言，还是由于其属于土著群体、移 民、无国籍人、难民、居 住在不发达、农村或边远社区、无家可归、被机构安置 或拘留、身有残疾、是老年妇女、寡妇或生活 在 冲突 、 冲突 后 和 灾害局势中，因 此，在制定针对暴力侵害妇女行为的预防犯罪和刑事司法对策时，需要对她们予 以特殊关注、干预和保护。 daccess-ods.un.org | The updated Model Strategies and Practical Measures recognize that some special groups of women are particularly vulnerable to violence, either because of their nationality, ethnicity, religion or language, or because they [...] belong to an indigenous [...] group, are migrants, are stateless, are refugees, live in underdeveloped, rural or remote communities, are homeless, are in institutions or in detention, have disabilities, are elderly, are widowed or live in conflict, post-conflict or disaster [...]situations, and as [...]such they require special attention, intervention and protection in the development of crime prevention and criminal justice responses to violence against women. daccess-ods.un.org |
建议列入主流化工作的其他方面 是：土著人民、冲突后国 家和遭到暴力和冲突蹂躏的国家；和平/建设和平文化；环境与环 境教育；社会中的边缘化群体和弱势群体；艾滋病与疟疾的预防宣传；不同文明、文化和民 [...] 族之间对话；促进文化多样性和文化间对话；海地；天才儿童；教育与文化领域；中亚地 区；全球化带来的社会和文化挑战；媒体的作用及其与文化的关系；以及小岛屿发展中国家 （SIDS）。 unesdoc.unesco.org | Other areas proposed for inclusion in [...] mainstreaming approaches [...] were: indigenous peoples; post-conflict countries and countries experiencing violence and conflict; [...]culture of peace/peace-building; [...]environment and environmental education; marginalized and vulnerable groups of society; people with disabilities; information on HIV/AIDS and malaria; dialogue among civilizations, cultures and peoples; promotion of cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue; Haiti; talented children; domains of education and culture; the Central Asia region; social and cultural challenges related to globalization; role of media and their relation with culture; and small island developing states (SIDS). unesdoc.unesco.org |
此外，威胁、挑战和改革问题高级别小组的报告（A/59/565）以及秘书长题 为“大自由：实现人人共享的发展、安全和人权”的报告（A/59/2005）向冲突 地区和冲突后地区的千百万妇女和女孩提出了一些至关重要的倡议，包括：设立 建设和平委员会；加强对预防冲突的 重 视；负责保 护 民 众 免遭灭绝种族罪、战争 罪、族裔清洗和危害人类罪；更加有效地保护人权以及加强法治。 un.org | Furthermore, the report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (A/59/565) and the report of the Secretary-General “In larger freedom: towards development, security and human rights for all” (A/59/2005) proposed a number of initiatives of vital importance to millions of [...] women and girls in [...] conflict and post-conflict areas, including: the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission; increased focus on conflict prevention; the responsibility to protect populations from genocide, war [...]crimes, ethnic cleansing [...]and crimes against humanity; more effective protection of human rights; and enhanced rule of law. un.org |
秘书长 2001 年关于预防武装冲突的报告(S/2001/574 和 Corr.1)则更进一步 地肯定了预防的重要性，即确认“预防冲突的主要责任在于各国政府及其他当地 参与者……”以及“联合国的主要作用是为发展国家及地区早期 预 警 、 预 防 冲突 和建 设持久和平方面的能力提供支助，以帮助国家及地方政府找到解决各自的问 题的办法。 daccess-ods.un.org | The 2001 report of the Secretary-General on the prevention of armed conflict (S/2001/574 and Corr.1) went a step further in recognizing the critical importance of prevention by acknowledging that “the primary responsibility for conflict prevention rests with national Governments and other local actors” and “The role of the United Nations is principally to assist national Governments and their local counterparts in finding solutions to their problems by offering support for the development of national and regional capacities for early warning, conflict prevention and long-term peacebuilding. daccess-ods.un.org |
伊加特建立了冲突预警和反 应机制和伊 加特反恐能力建设方案；在建立次区域自由贸易区方 面取得了进展；以及建立了伊加特气候预测和应用中 [...] 心，专门应对极端气候事件，如干旱和洪涝，促进次 区域的可持续发展。 daccess-ods.un.org | It had put in place the Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanism [...] (CEWARN) and the IGAD Capacity Building Programme [...]against Terrorism (ICPAT); made progress towards the establishment of a subregional free-trade area; and established the IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre, which dealt with extreme climate events such as droughts and floods and promoted sustainable development in the subregion. daccess-ods.un.org |
向所有从事预警和预防冲突工作的人员提供有关社会性别问题的有系统 的训练。 un.org | Provide systematic training on gender issues for all staff [...] working on early warning and conflict prevention. un.org |
最近，安全理事会于 2010 年 1 [...] 月重申，打算“促使联合国与区域和次区域 组织在冲突预警、预防冲突、缔 造和平、维持和平和建设和平领域进行更加密切 [...] 和更为面向行动的合作，确保其努力协调一致、相互配合和发挥集体效力” (S/PRST/2010/1)。 daccess-ods.un.org | More recently, in January 2010, the Security Council reaffirmed its intention “to promote closer and more operational cooperation between the United Nations and [...] regional and subregional [...] organizations in the fields of conflict early warning, prevention, [...]peacemaking, peacekeeping and [...]peacebuilding, and to ensure the coherence, synergy and collective effectiveness of their efforts” (S/PRST/2010/1). daccess-ods.un.org |
特别委员会强调，联合国与非洲联盟之间必须按照《联合国宪章》第八章 的规定，在维和行动方面建立有效的战略关系，并再次强调，必须加强非洲联盟 在预防和解决冲突、预警、调解和维和领域的能力。 daccess-ods.un.org | The Special Committee underlines the need for a strategic and effective relationship between the United Nations and the African Union in the context of peacekeeping operations, in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations, and re-emphasizes the importance of increasing and enhancing the capacity [...] of the African Union [...] in the areas of conflict prevention and resolution, early warning, mediation and peacekeeping [...]operations. daccess-ods.un.org |
在这方面，我们强调必须制订各种监测武 装 冲突 期间侵犯平民行动的办法，以及必须采取措施说服全 世界所有国家和冲突各方 履行承诺，不把平民当作攻 击目标和在没有双重标准的情况下保护平民的生命、 财产及合法利益，同时铭记必须完全尊重各国的主权 和不干涉它国内政的原则。 daccess-ods.un.org | In that connection, we emphasize the need to develop methods [...] for monitoring acts [...] committed against civilians during armed conflicts and the need for measures to be taken to persuade all countries and parties to conflicts throughout the world [...]to fulfil their commitment [...]not to target civilians and to protect their lives, property and legitimate interests without applying double standards, bearing in mind the need to fully respect the sovereignty of States and the principle of non-interference in their internal affairs. daccess-ods.un.org |
联合国促进性别平等和增强妇女权能署 秘书长在 2009 年和 2010 年提交安全理事会的关于武装冲突中 保护 平 民 的报告指出在这些局势中确保更好地保护平民的五项核心挑战：即加 强 冲 突 各 方遵守 国际法；加强非国家武装团体遵守法律；维持和平特派团和其他有关特派团加强 保护平民；改善人道主义援助准入；加强对违法行为追究责任。 daccess-ods.un.org | UN-Women United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women In his 2009 and 2010 reports to the [...] Security Council on the [...] protection of civilians in armed conflict, the Secretary-General identified five core challenges to ensuring better protection for civilians in such situations: enhancing compliance by parties to the conflict with international [...]law; enhancing compliance [...]by non-State armed groups; enhancing protection by United Nations peacekeeping and other relevant missions; enhancing humanitarian access; and enhancing accountability for violations. daccess-ods.un.org |
最后，我们承认必须进一步努力在武 装 冲突 中保 护平民，但 我们也认为，对于安全理事会内部建立任 何新机制的问题应深思熟虑，然后再作出决定，以免 [...] 出现行动和体制上的重叠以及消极的财政影响。 daccess-ods.un.org | Finally, while recognizing the need for further [...] efforts to protect civilians in armed conflict, we hold the view [...]that the establishment of any [...]new mechanism within the Security Council should be carefully considered and studied in depth before a decision is made in order to avoid operational and institutional overlapping, as well as negative financial implications. daccess-ods.un.org |
该委员会的任务是通过有约束力的仲裁，决定一国政府对另一国政 府以及一方的国民(包括 自然人和法人)对另一方的政府或者另一方拥有或控制 的实体提出的下列两类所有损失、损害或伤害索偿要求：(a) 与作为《框架协 定及其执行方式》和《停止敌对行动协定》主体 的 冲突 有 关 ；(b) 因为违反包 括 1949 年日内瓦四公约在内的国际人道主义法，或者其他违反国际法的行为。 daccess-ods.un.org | The mandate of the Commission is to decide through binding arbitration all claims for loss, [...] damage or injury by [...] one Government against the other, and by nationals (including both natural and juridical persons) of one party against the Government of the other party or entities owned or controlled by the other party that are (a) related to the conflict that was the subject of the Framework Agreement, [...]the Modalities [...]for its Implementation and the Cessation of Hostilities Agreement, and (b) result from violations of international humanitarian law, including the 1949 Geneva Conventions, or other violations of international law. daccess-ods.un.org |
第一个政治事务干事重点履行支助办事处主任的总体协调和联络职能，负责 [...] 调解和预防冲突的政治事务干事(P-4)负责在 预 警 、 预 防 冲突 的 战 略举措、调解 和解决冲突方面支助办事处主任，以使办事处加强努力，解决该区域目前和新出 [...]现的冲突。 daccess-ods.un.org | While the first Political Affairs Officer focuses on the general coordination and liaison functions in support of the Head of Office, the Political Affairs Officer (Mediation and Conflict Prevention) (P-4) will be responsible for [...] supporting the Head of Office in [...] the areas of early warning, strategic conflict [...]prevention initiatives, mediation and conflict [...]resolution in order to enhance the Office’s efforts to address ongoing and emerging conflicts in the region. daccess-ods.un.org |
尽管自停火协定以来受武装冲突影响的地区数量已经减 少，但依然有报导告说被夹在中间的 平 民 受 武 装 冲突 影 响。 daccess-ods.un.org | While the number of conflict-affected areas has [...] been reduced with ceasefire [...] agreements, armed clashes affecting civilians caught in the [...]middle continue to be reported. daccess-ods.un.org |
5.1 2009年10月5 日，提交人重申，造成来文所涉事实的原因并不是如缔约国 所说“与安全部队发生了冲突”，“ 警 察 和 示威者都受了伤”，而是警察对行使 示威权利的柠檬马鞭草种植者使用了过度和不合理的武力。 daccess-ods.un.org | 5.1 On 5 October 2009, the author reiterates that the facts to which the [...] communication relates were not [...] the result of a “clash with the security forces”, as the State party claims, in which “both police officers and demonstrators [...]were left injured”, [...]but the disproportionate and unreasonable use of force by police officers against lemon verbena producers who were exercising their right to demonstrate. daccess-ods.un.org |
这次会议的 主要目标是使工作组更深入地了解以下信息：从政府 [...] 间发展管理局和西非经共体实施预警和反应机制的 经验中了解此类冲突预警机制 的作用；此类机制的优 点和挑战；需要为预防冲突采取哪些行动；以及联合 [...] 国及其国际伙伴如何才能支持非洲联盟在这方面的 努力。 daccess-ods.un.org | The main objective of the meeting was to give the Working Group better insight into the role of such conflict early warning mechanisms drawing from the [...] experiences of IGAD and ECOWAS in [...] implementing their early warning and response mechanisms; [...]the strength and challenges of [...]those mechanisms; what needs to be done in preventing conflict; and how the United Nations and its international partners can support the African Union effort in this regard. daccess-ods.un.org |
尽管南科尔多凡州和青尼罗州发生交战以及阿卜耶伊缺乏进展，但这并没 有在南苏丹引起暴力行为，但人们感到关切的是 ， 冲突 会 在 没有 预 警 的 情 况下蔓 延到边境以外。 daccess-ods.un.org | While fighting in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile States and lack of progress in Abyei [...] have not led to violence in South Sudan, [...] concerns remain that conflict could spill over the border with little warning. daccess-ods.un.org |
向最不发达国家提供经济和技术支持以使其能 [...] 够摆脱贫穷非常重要，而且，应当更加重视政治手 段，首先是预防性外交和预警、解决 冲突 和 调解， 之后是维持和平，最后是冲突后建设和平，这是建 [...] 立和平与安全及结束冲突的最后一个重要阶段。 daccess-ods.un.org | It was highly important to provide economic and technical support to the least developed countries to enable them to escape from poverty, and greater emphasis should be placed on political instruments, [...] beginning with preventive [...] diplomacy and early warning, conflict resolution, [...]and mediation followed by peacekeeping and finally post-conflict peacebuilding which was the important [...]final phase of the establishment of peace and security and ending conflict. daccess-ods.un.org |
在保护难民领域 的国际行动应优先考虑以下四 个方面：消除世界冲突的原 因，尤其是通过增强国 家的发展能力；促进遵守国际难民法，它与国际人 权法和国际人道主义法互为补充，并避免把保护难 民固定为安全问题或移民问题 ；加强国际团结和合 作，并帮助摆脱冲突的国 家建立必需的制度措施照 顾他们的公民；并 通过资助国家层面的项目，同时 加强国际层面的努力，特别是发挥建设和平委员会 的作用，以促进难民的自愿遣返。 daccess-ods.un.org | International [...] action in the field of refugee protection should focus on the following four areas: eliminating the causes of conflicts in the world, including by improving States’ capacities for development; promoting respect for international refugee law, in complementarity with international humanitarian and human rights law, and ensuring that refugees’ human rights were not negatively affected by security or migration concerns; promoting international solidarity and partnerships and assisting States emerging from conflict to build their institutional capacities in order to take care of their citizens; and encouraging refugees’ voluntary repatriation [...]to their home countries [...]by financing national programmes, while strengthening international efforts, particularly the role of the Peacebuilding Commission. daccess-ods.un.org |
这类事先影响评 估应该特别考虑最脆弱和被排斥人口的影响，包括但不限于残疾妇女、种族和族 裔少数民族，受冲突影响 与流离失所的妇女，青少年及其他按国情被边缘化的其 他群体。 daccess-ods.un.org | Such ex ante impact assessment should particularly consider the impact on [...] vulnerable and excluded [...] populations, including but not limited to women with disabilities, racial and ethnic minorities, conflict-affected and displaced [...]women, adolescents [...]and other marginalized groups, according to national context. daccess-ods.un.org |
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