| 单词 | 荷兰病 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 | 荷兰病 noun —Dutch disease n (almost always used)less common: resource curse n See also:荷兰 n—the Netherlands n 荷—Holland • burden • carry on one's shoulder or back 兰—surname Lan
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这种问题的一种表现就是“荷兰病” ，即 自然资源收入的增加引起货币快速升值，造成出口产品 竞争力下降，出口额降低。 crisisgroup.org | One aspect of [...] this problem is the “Dutch disease”, whereby increased [...]natural resource revenue causes rapid currency appreciation [...]which results in decreased competitiveness of and thus decline in other exports. crisisgroup.org |
大多数获得采矿利润带来的资金流入的小岛屿发展中国家都受到 “ 荷兰病” 现象的困扰。 daccess-ods.un.org | Most small island developing States that benefited from financial inflows due to mining profits have [...] suffered from the “Dutch disease” phenomenon. daccess-ods.un.org |
这会带来汇款流入的好处，但也可能使有关国家患 上 荷兰 病。 daccess-ods.un.org | This will have the benefit of generating flows of remittances, but may also [...] expose the country to Dutch disease. daccess-ods.un.org |
(c) 需要解决“荷兰病”和“资源诅咒”。 daccess-ods.un.org | (c) A need to address the “Dutch disease” and the “resource [...] curse”. daccess-ods.un.org |
另一种预防荷兰病的方 法是把矿业方面的收入，或其中意外得到的部分，与其 他经济部门隔离。 daccess-ods.un.org | Another way of preventing Dutch disease is to isolate the [...] revenues from mining, or the windfall part of them, from the rest of the economy. daccess-ods.un.org |
教育和基础 [...] 设施方面的投资是一种提高制造业部门竞争力的长期办法，借以减 轻 荷兰病 的影 响。 daccess-ods.un.org | Investments in education and infrastructure are a [...] long-term way to increase the competitiveness of the manufacturing sector, thereby [...] mitigating the effects of Dutch disease. daccess-ods.un.org |
蒙古所面临的挑战与 其他采掘业经济体类似，包括“资源诅咒”或所谓 “ 荷兰病 ”。 daccess-ods.un.org | Mongolia faces challenges similar to [...] other extractive industry-based economies, including “resource curse” or the so-called “Dutch disease”. daccess-ods.un.org |
商品兴旺国家为减少荷兰病的风 险，必须保护有进口竞争的部门和非资源出 口部门，避免去工业化，以及促进经济多样化和生产性就业。 daccess-ods.un.org | Commodity-boom countries aiming to [...] mitigate the risk of Dutch disease need to shield [...]import-competing and non-resource export [...]sectors from de-industrialization and foster economic diversification and productive employment. daccess-ods.un.org |
各国政府、民间社会、私营公司，双边捐 助者和国际组织的代表参加了一系列讨论，内容涉及资源丰富的国家面 [...] 对的很多中央管理问题，包括开支和投资政策、税收管理制度、预防冲 突、治理安排、对环境的影响和控制 “ 荷兰病 ”。 daccess-ods.un.org | Representatives of national Governments, civil society, private companies, bilateral donors and international organizations participated in a series of discussions covering many of the central management issues facing resource-rich countries, including spending and investment policies, revenue [...] management systems, conflict prevention, governance arrangements, environmental [...] impacts and managing the “Dutch disease”. daccess-ods.un.org |
已经有人解释这 种影响，即所谓荷兰病，指 出在吸收能力有限的经济体中，资源涌进造成汇率的 提高。 daccess-ods.un.org | This effect, the so-called Dutch disease, has been explained [...] by increases in exchange rates caused by the influx of resources [...]in economies with limited absorptive capacities. daccess-ods.un.org |
目前，一种新 形式的“荷兰病”正 在起作用，尽管这次的币值高估是由国际利差交易而非商品 出口收益驱动的。 daccess-ods.un.org | Today, a new form of “Dutch disease” is at work, although [...] this time currency overvaluation is provoked by international [...]carry-trade rather than from commodity-export earnings. daccess-ods.un.org |
因此，除了带来通常伴随荷兰病出现的扭曲问题，“套息交易” 活动还埋下货币危机的种子，在投资者决定突然放弃目标货币时即行爆发。 daccess-ods.un.org | Therefore, in addition to creating the typical distortion [...] associated with the Dutch disease, “carry trade” [...]activities also plant the seed for a [...]currency crisis, which takes place when investors decide to suddenly abandon a given target currency. daccess-ods.un.org |
传统荷兰 病造成扭曲，但也增加一个国家的财富，而金融形式 的 荷兰病 是 债 务流动所驱动， 债务需予偿还，因此对一个国家的净财富没有直接作用(因为短期流动很少投资 于生产性活动)。 daccess-ods.un.org | The traditional form leads to distortions but also increases the wealth of a country, whereas the financial [...] form is driven by debt [...]flows that need to be repaid and thus have no direct effect on a country’s net wealth (since short-term flows are rarely invested in productive activities). daccess-ods.un.org |
此种变化的好处是将能创造更多侨汇，但同时亦可能使所涉国 家患上荷兰病。 daccess-ods.un.org | This will have the benefit of generating flows of remittances, but may also [...] expose the country to Dutch disease. daccess-ods.un.org |
其原因 [...] 包括：寻租行为，机构薄弱，宏观经济管理薄弱，这些原因都促使好几个国家很 容易遭受荷兰病。 daccess-ods.un.org | The reasons outlined included rent-seeking behaviour, weak [...] institutions and weak macroeconomic management, which have increased the vulnerability of several [...] countries to the Dutch disease. daccess-ods.un.org |
现在人们深刻了解荷兰病的风 险，若干国家已经采取预防措施。 daccess-ods.un.org | Risks of Dutch disease are now well understood [...] and a number of countries have taken measures to prevent it. daccess-ods.un.org |
那些努力缓解荷兰病风险 的商品热潮国家需要保护其与外来进口 进行竞争的、非资源性出口部门不致陷入去工业化困境，并需要促进 [...] 经济多样化和创造生产就业机会。 daccess-ods.un.org | Commodity-boom countries aiming to [...] mitigate the risk of Dutch disease need to shield [...]import-competing and non-resource export [...]sectors from de-industrialization and foster economic diversification and productive employment. daccess-ods.un.org |
这种金融荷兰病不 利 影响工业化和结构改革，并可能导致未来的货币危机。 daccess-ods.un.org | This financial Dutch disease has had a negative [...] impact on industrialization and structural change and may lead to future currency crises. daccess-ods.un.org |
(d) 由于贸易条件恶化、“荷兰病”和 “资源诅咒”等现象的不利影响， 许多依靠初级商品的发展中国家矿产资源丰富，土地肥沃，但仍然受制于单一作 [...] 物经济的模式以及因此而造成的欠发达，使这些国家更加贫困 daccess-ods.un.org | (d) Due to adverse [...] terms-of-trade changes, Dutch disease and “resource curse” [...]symptoms, many CDDCs endowed with mineral [...]resources or fertile lands continue to be trapped in the paradigm of monocultural economies and related underdevelopment, contributing to poverty daccess-ods.un.org |
(d) 直接外资集中在自然 资源板块，可能会导致“荷兰病”， 阻碍其他板块竞争力的提高，对经济多样化 造成不利影响。 daccess-ods.un.org | Experts gave theoretical examples where the entrance of TNCs could inhibit the development of local capabilities: (a) TNCs’ entry could cause adverse competitive environments for local companies and crowd them out; (b) tight intellectual property regimes needed to attract FDI could hinder local learning; (c) subsidies and incentives given to TNCs could cancel out the social returns of FDI and discriminate against local companies; and (d) the concentration of FDI in natural resources could cause “Dutch Disease”, which hindered competitiveness in other sectors and adversely affected economic diversification. daccess-ods.un.org |
旨在加强财政政策制定和执行的力度的财政细则或机构机制，43 可通过有 助于减少依赖初级商品的发展中国家的顺周期财政政策和相关的 “ 荷兰病 ” ， 在 提高依赖初级商品的发展中国家抵御自然资源价格冲击的能力方面发挥重要作 用。 daccess-ods.un.org | Fiscal rules or institutional mechanisms designed to enhance the robustness of fiscal policy design and implementation43 can play an important role in improving the resilience of CDDCs vis-à-vis natural resource price shocks by contributing to reducing procyclical fiscal policies and related “Dutch Disease” in CDDCs. daccess-ods.un.org |
另见 Erik Beekink，“2010-2012 [...] 年人口活动和艾滋病预防 活动资金流动”，人口基金/艾滋病 署/ 荷兰 多 学 科人口研究所资源流动项目(海牙，2011 年)。 daccess-ods.un.org | See also Erik Beekink, “Financial resource flows for [...] population and AIDS activities, [...] 2010-2012”, UNFPA/UNAIDS/Netherlands Interdisciplinary [...]Demographic Institute Resource Flows Project, The Hague, 2011. daccess-ods.un.org |
随后，奥地利、比利时、保加利亚、克罗地亚、塞浦路斯、捷克共和国、丹 [...] 麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、匈牙利、冰岛、爱尔兰、意大利、拉 脱维亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、马耳他、 荷兰 、 波 兰 、 葡萄牙、罗马尼亚、斯洛伐 克、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞士和美利坚合众国加入为提案国。 daccess-ods.un.org | Subsequently, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, [...] Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, [...] Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, [...]Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland [...]and the United States of America joined the sponsors. daccess-ods.un.org |
这种立法为以下任何罪行或罪行组合规定了普遍管辖权： (a) 严重违反日内瓦四公约及其《第一附加议定书》的行为(主要是英联邦成员 [...] 国)；(b) 1954 年《海牙公约》《第二号议定书》和《保护所有人免遭强迫失踪国 [...] 际公约》特别规定的犯罪(例如塞浦路斯、日本 和 荷兰 ) ； (c ) 没有条约规定普遍 管辖权的其他违反国际人道主义法行为，如在非国际武装冲突中实施的战争罪 [...] (比利时、加拿大、新西兰和菲律宾)以及违反禁止或管制使用某种武器的行为(南 [...] 非)；(d) 《罗马规约》第 8 条所列的战争罪(比利时、加拿大、德国、新西兰和 联合王国)。 daccess-ods.un.org | This legislation provides for universal jurisdiction over any or a combination of the following: (a) grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol I thereto (primarily States members of the Commonwealth); (b) crimes specified under the Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention and the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from [...] Enforced Disappearance (for example, [...] Cyprus, Japan and the Netherlands); (c) other violations [...]of international humanitarian law [...]where no treaty requires universal jurisdiction, such as war crimes committed in non-international armed conflict (Belgium, Canada, New Zealand and the Philippines) and violations of treaties that either prohibit or regulate the use of certain weapons (South Africa); (d) the war crimes list contained in article 8 of the Rome Statute (Belgium, Canada, Germany, New Zealand and the United Kingdom). daccess-ods.un.org |
目前咨询委 [...] 员会成员如下：澳大利亚、比利时、加拿大、丹麦、埃及、芬兰、法国、德国、 爱尔兰、意大利、日本、约旦、黎巴嫩 、 荷兰 、 挪 威、沙特阿拉伯、西班牙、瑞 典、瑞士、阿拉伯叙利亚共和国、土耳其、联合王国和美国；邀请巴勒斯坦作为 [...] 观察员出席并全面参与咨询委员会会议；邀请欧洲共同体出席咨询委员会的会 [...] 议；邀请阿拉伯国家联盟作为观察员出席咨询委员会的会议。 daccess-ods.un.org | The membership of the Advisory Commission is currently as follows: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, [...] France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, [...] Jordan, Lebanon, Netherlands, Norway, Saudi [...]Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian [...]Arab Republic, Turkey, United Kingdom and United States; to invite Palestine to attend and fully participate in its meetings as an observer; to invite the European Community to attend its meetings; and to invite the League of Arab States to attend its meetings as an observer. daccess-ods.un.org |
在本届会议上，社会科学及人文科学委员会和自然科学委员会审议了 35 C/COM SC/DR.1 号文件所建议的决议（提案国：奥地利、比利时、玻利维亚多民族国、布基纳法 [...] 索、刚果、朝鲜民主主义人民共和国、丹麦、吉布提、多米尼加共和国、芬兰、冰岛、利比 [...] 亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、马达加斯加、新 西 兰 、 荷兰 、 挪 威、帕劳、巴布亚新几内亚、波兰、 [...] 葡萄牙、萨摩亚、塞内加尔、斯洛文尼亚、瑞典、图瓦卢和乌拉圭；共同提案国：巴巴多 [...] 斯、哥斯达黎加、德国、哈萨克斯坦、拉脱维亚、黎巴嫩、马来西亚、摩纳哥、巴基斯坦、 所罗门群岛、苏里南和赞比亚），要求总干事利用教科文组织独有的跨学科背景，加强教科 文组织在气候变化问题上的专业能力。 unesdoc.unesco.org | During this session, the SHS and SC Commissions examined the resolution proposed in document 35 C/COM SC/DR.1 (submitted by: Austria, Belgium, Plurinational State of Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Congo, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Finland, Iceland, [...] Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, [...] Madagascar, New Zealand, Netherlands, Norway, Palau, [...]Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Samoa, [...]Senegal, Slovenia, Sweden, Tuvalu, Uruguay; co-sponsored by: Barbados, Costa Rica, Germany, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Malaysia, Monaco, Pakistan, Solomon Islands, Suriname, and Zambia), requesting the Director-General to strengthen UNESCO’s specialized capacity on climate change, building upon UNESCO’s unique interdisciplinary profile. unesdoc.unesco.org |
下列会员国的代表团团长： 澳大利亚、奥地利、巴巴多斯、波斯尼亚—黑塞哥维那、加拿大、哥伦比亚、科摩罗、克罗地亚、 [...] [...] 古巴、捷克共和国、多米尼加共和国、埃及、法国、加蓬、加纳、格林纳达、约旦、科威特、立陶 宛、马达加斯加、马来西亚、尼泊尔 、 荷兰 、 巴基斯坦、非律宾、波兰、大韩民国、罗马尼亚、圣 [...] 卢西亚、塞内加尔、南非、西班牙、阿拉伯叙利亚共和国、突尼斯、美利坚合众国、也门。 unesdoc.unesco.org | The heads of delegations of the following Member States: Australia, Austria, Barbados, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Colombia, Comoros, Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Egypt, France, Gabon, Ghana, Grenada, Jordan, [...] Kuwait, Lithuania, Madagascar, [...] Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, Pakistan, Philippines, [...]Poland, Republic of Korea, Romania, Saint [...]Lucia, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United States of America, Yemen. unesdoc.unesco.org |
在 10 月 16 日第 10 次会议上，印度代表以阿富汗、阿尔巴尼亚、亚美尼亚、 孟加拉国、比利时、不丹、保加利亚、柬埔寨、智利、克罗地亚、捷克共和国、 [...] 萨尔瓦多、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、危地马拉、海地、洪都拉斯、 [...] 匈牙利、印度、爱尔兰、意大利、科威特、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、毛里求 斯、摩纳哥、缅甸、尼泊尔、荷兰、 挪 威、菲律宾、波兰、葡萄牙、罗马尼亚、 俄罗斯联邦、萨摩亚、塞尔维亚、新加坡、斯洛伐克、西班牙、斯里兰卡、泰国、 [...] 前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国、多哥、土耳其和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国的名 [...] 义提出了一项题为“防止恐怖分子获取大规模毁灭性武器的措施”的决议草案 (A/C.1/63/L.34)。 hcoc.at | At the 10th meeting, on 16 October, the representative of India, on behalf of Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bhutan, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Chile, Croatia, the Czech Republic, El Salvador, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Kuwait, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, [...] Mauritius, Monaco, Myanmar, [...] Nepal, the Netherlands, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, [...]Romania, the Russian Federation, [...]Samoa, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Thailand, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Togo, Turkey and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, introduced a draft resolution entitled “Measures to prevent terrorists from acquiring weapons of mass destruction” (A/C.1/63/L.34). hcoc.at |
监察组成员在调查过程中曾前往比利时、加拿大、吉布提、埃塞俄比亚、芬 [...] 兰、法国、德国、希腊、印度、印度尼西亚、意大利、马来西亚 、 荷兰 、 尼 日利 亚、沙特阿拉伯、塞舌尔、新加坡、索马里、南非、瑞典、瑞士、土耳其、乌干 [...] 达、乌克兰、阿拉伯联合酋长国、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国、坦桑尼亚联合 [...]共和国和美利坚合众国。 daccess-ods.un.org | In the course of their investigations, members of the Monitoring Group travelled to Belgium, [...] Canada, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Indonesia, Italy, [...] Malaysia, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Saudi [...]Arabia, Seychelles, [...]Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United Republic of Tanzania and the United States of America. daccess-ods.un.org |
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